El ábaco abierto como mediación pedagógica en la enseñanza de las operaciones de adición y sustracción

El mejoramiento en la calidad de la educación ha sido una de las grandes preocupaciones del Sistema Educativo en nuestro país, en los últimos años. Muestra de ello son los grandes esfuerzos realizados en la búsqueda de factores asociados a dicha calidad. Uno de estos factores es precisamente la disponibilidad y uso de materiales educativos en las instituciones escolares; muchos de estos incluyen la implementación de nuevas tecnologías, uso de material concreto, objetos del entorno y aquellos construidos por maestros y por los niños y niñas también son considerados como materiales educativos. A los materiales educativos se les atribuyen dos funciones principales: mediar en los aprendizajes de los estudiantes y apoyar las prácticas pedagógicas de los docentes. De tal manera que se pueden concebir como puentes entre el mundo de la enseñanza y el mundo del aprendizaje de esta manera los llamaremos en este contexto mediaciones pedagógicas; no obstante, su presencia no garantiza los procesos que desarrollan uno u otro de estos mundos, es en la red de relaciones que los comunica donde éstos cobran sentido. El uso de diferentes mediaciones pedagógicas puede convertirse en enriquecimiento de la práctica educativa de los docentes cuando implica una transformación del proceso de enseñanza; así los materiales educativos con la resignificación dada son parte de las intencionalidades de la enseñanza cuando el docente reflexiona sobre el conocimiento y sus representaciones presentes en la situación de aprendizaje que plantea para sus estudiantes. Para este taller el ábaco abierto se constituye en la mediación pedagógica recomendada para ser utilizada en la construcción de las operaciones básicas y se manifiesta como la estrategia adecuada para enseñar u aprender las operaciones básicas en este caso la adición y sustracción de números naturales requisito en la construcción del pensamiento matemático del pre escolar y los grados iniciales de la educación básica primaria

Evaluating air emission inventories and indicators from cruise vessels at ports

This paper provides an estimation of air emissions (CO2, NOX, SOX and PM) released by cruise vessels at the port level. The methodology is based on the Bfull bottom-up^ approach and starts by evaluating the fuel consumed by each vessel on the basis of its individual port activities (manoeuvring, berthing and hoteling). The Port of Barcelona was selected as the site at which to perform the analysis, in which 125 calls of 30 cruise vessels were monitored. Real-time data from the automatic identification system (AIS), factor emissions from engine certificates and vessel characteristics from IHS Sea-web database were also collected for the analysis. The research findings show that the most appropriate indicators are inventory emissions per Bport-time gross tonnage^, Bport-time passenger^ and Bport time^. These emission indicators improve our understanding of cruise emissions and will facilitate the work that aims to estimate reliably and quickly the in-port ship emission inventories of cruise ports.Postprint (published version

El rol de la clase social, la educación y el desempleo parentales en el desarrollo cognitivo infantil

Objective: Assessing the association between socioeconomic gradient and cognitive development among children of a Spanish birth cohort aged 5-6 years from a gender perspective. Method: Cognitive development was assessed on 525 children aged 5-6 years in the INMA-Valencia cohort, with the Global Cognitive Score (GCS) from McCarthy Scales of Children’s Abilities. Information on social class, education level and employment was collected for both parents in addition to other sociodemographic factors, parental, family and child characteristics. The relationship between maternal and paternal socioeconomic gradient and cognitive development was assessed by linear regressions and comparing the variance explained by each indicator measured in the mother and father. Results: Maternal socioeconomic gradient indicators explained more variance on GCS than paternal. Maternal education and paternal social class had an important individual effect that stayed after adjusting by other parental, child and family determinants. In the multivariable analysis, maternal education, age and intelligence, paternal social class and the child’s age and sex were significantly associated with cognitive development. Conclusions: Diverse socioeconomic gradient factors have an important influence on cognitive development, maternal education being the strongest determinant. Policies should be implemented to mitigate the negative effects of this gradient on child development.Objetivo: Evaluar la asociación del gradiente socioeconómico y el desarrollo cognitivo en ni˜nos y ni˜nas de una cohorte espa˜nola a los 5-6 a˜nos de edad desde una perspectiva de género. Método: Se evaluó el desarrollo cognitivo en 525 ni˜nos/as de 5-6 a˜nos de la cohorte INMA-Valencia, mediante la Puntuación Global Cognitiva (PGC) de las Escalas McCarthy para ni˜nos y ni˜nas. Se recogió información de ambos progenitores sobre clase social, nivel de estudios y empleo, además de otros factores sociodemográficos, características parentales, de la familia y del ni˜no o la ni˜na. La relación entre el gradiente socioeconómico materno y paterno y el desarrollo cognitivo se evaluó mediante modelos de regresión lineal y comparando la varianza explicada por cada uno de los indicadores medidos en la madre y en el padre. Resultados: Los indicadores de gradiente socioeconómico de la madre explicaron más varianza del índice de PGC que los del padre. La educación materna y la clase social paterna tuvieron un importante efecto individual, que se mantuvo tras ajustar por otros determinantes de los progenitores, del ni˜no o de la ni˜na, y del entorno familiar. En el análisis multivariante, la educación, la edad y la inteligencia maternas, la clase social paterna, y la edad y el sexo del infante se asociaron significativamente con el desarrollo cognitivo. Conclusiones: Distintos factores del gradiente socioeconómico tienen influencia en el desarrollo cognitivo, siendo la educación materna el determinante más fuerte. Deberían implementarse políticas para paliar los efectos negativos de este gradiente en el desarrollo infantil

The Cyclical Behavior of Bank Capital Buffers in an Emerging Economy: Size Does Matter

Using a panel of Colombian banks and quarterly data between 1996:1 and 2010:3, we study the relationship between short-run adjustments in bank capital buffers and the business cycle. We follow a partial adjustment framework and control for several variables that have been identified as important determinants of bank capital buffers in previous studies, and find that bank capital buffers vary over the business cycle. We are able to identify a negative co-movement of capital buffers and the business cycle. However, we also find that capital buffers of small and large banks behave asymmetrically during the business cycle. While the former appear to be constant over time, once the appropriate set of control variables is used, the latter present a countercyclical behavior. Our results suggest the possible need of the implementation of regulatory policy measures in developing countries.Bank capital buffers, Credit risk, Regulation, Colombia. Classification JEL: C26, G2, G28.

The cyclical behavior of bank capital buffers in an emerging economy: size do matters

Using a panel of Colombian banks and quarterly data between 1996:1 and 2010:3, we study the relationship between short-run adjustments in bank capital buffers and the business cycle. We follow a partial adjustment framework and control for several variables that have been identified as important determinants of bank capital buffers in previous studies, and find that bank capital buffers vary overthe business cycle. We are able to identify a negative co-movement of capital buffers and and the business cycle. However, we also find that capital buffers of small and large banks behave asymmetrically during the business cycle. While the former appear to be constant over time, once the appropriate set of control variables is used, the latter present a countercyclical behavior. Our results suggest the possible need of the implementation of regulatory policy measures in developing countries.Bank capital bu§ers; Credit risk; Regulation; Colombia

Association between Motivational Climate, Adherence to Mediterranean Diet, and Levels of Physical Activity in Physical Education Students

Physical Education is an essential educational area to develop physical-healthy habits and motivational orientations, which are fundamental to guide the situation of future Physical Education teachers. These professionals will have a fundamental role in teaching different types of motivations, active lifestyles, and healthy habits in youths. For this reason, the objective of the study is to know the association between motivational climate, adherence to the Mediterranean Diet (MD), and the practice of physical activity in future Physical Education teachers. A cross-sectional and nonexperimental study was carried out using a single measurement within a single group. The sample consisted of 775 university students from the cities of Andalusia (Spain). Motivational climate was evaluated through the Perceived Motivational Climate in Sport Questionnaire (PMCSQ-2), levels of physical activity were evaluated through the adolescent version of the Physical Activity Questionnaire (PAQ-A), and level of adherence to the MD was assessed through Mediterranean Diet Quality Index (KIDMED). On one hand, the healthy and self-improvement component promoted by physical activity favors an orientation focused on process and learning. Likewise, the competitive component is key to motivation focused on product and social recognition. In addition, future Physical Education teachers should pay special attention to the unequal recognition among members that physical activity can generate, in order to avoid personal disregard and social rejection. The ego climate is related to a high adherence to the MD. On the other hand, the future Physical Education teachers who manifest motivational processes based on fun and their own satisfaction have low levels of adherence to the MD

Los derechos implicados en el ámbito educativo. La competencia social y ciudadana en la legislación española

Esta tesis tiene por objeto, tras la reconstrucción histórica del proceso de surgimiento del sistema educativo español contemporáneo, valorar la actual legislación educativa a partir de dos modelos abstractos: el “modelo educativo de la empleabilidad y la competitividad” y el “modelo educativo cívico”.Programa Oficial de Doctorado en Estudios Avanzados en Derechos HumanosPresidente: Ana Fernández Coronado; Secretario: Carmen García Ruiz; Vocal: María Cruz Llamazares Calzadill

Customization and personalization of sports betting products: Implications for responsible gambling

One of the most noticeable product innovations in sports betting in recent years is the increasing use of customer personalization, as evidenced in the strategies outlined in multiple annual reports by [1] [2] bookmakers (see, for example, Paddy Power Betfair plc, 2019 , William Hill plc, 2019 ), and noted by [3] gambling industry insiders . Personalization is used to "tailor information to an individual user's specific [4] needs and preferences" (p.1) . By personalizing their products, gambling operators seek to adjust their offer to the individual expectations of each customer. Related to personalization is customization, which is frequently (and erroneously) assumed to be a synonym. However, customization refers to the process conducted by users to 'make changes to the experience to meet their specific needs by configuring layout, [5] content, or system functionality'(p.1) . In essence, what differentiates customization from personalization is that the former is consumer-driven whereas the latter is company-driven