Role of the monocarboxylate transporter MCT1 in the uptake of lactate during active recovery

Purpose We assessed the role of monocarboxylate transporter 1 (MCT1) on lactate clearance during an active recovery after high-intensity exercise, by comparing genetic groups based on the T1470A (rs1049434) MCT1 polymorphism, whose influence on lactate transport has been proven. Methods Sixteen young male elite field hockey players participated in this study. All of them completed two 400 m maximal run tests performed on different days, followed by 40 min of active or passive recovery. Lactate samples were measured immediately after the tests, and at min 10, 20, 30 and 40 of the recoveries. Blood lactate decreases were calculated for each 10-min period. Participants were distributed into three groups according to the T1470A polymorphism (TT, TA and AA). Results TT group had a lower blood lactate decrease than AA group during the 10?20 min period of the active recovery (p = 0.018). This period had the highest blood lactate for the whole sample, significantly differing from the other periods (p ? 0.003). During the passive recovery, lactate declines were constant except for the 0?10-min period (p ? 0.003), suggesting that liver uptake is similar in all the genetic groups, and that the difference seen during the active recovery is mainly due to muscle lactate uptake. Conclusions These differences according to the polymorphic variant T1470A suggest that MCT1 affects the plasma lactate decrease during a crucial period of active recovery, where the maximal lactate amount is cleared (i.e. 10?20 min period)

Diet quality index as a predictor of treatment efficacy in overweight and obese adolescents: The EVASYON study

Background & aim: A diet quality index (DQI) is a tool that provides an overall score of an individual''s dietary intake when assessing compliance with food-based dietary guidelines. A number of DQIs have emerged, albeit their associations with health-related outcomes are debated. The aim of the present study was to assess whether adherence to dietary intervention, and the overall quality of the diet, can predict body composition changes. Methods: To this purpose, overweight/obese adolescents (n = 117, aged: 13–16 years; 51 males, 66 females) were recruited into a multi-component (diet, physical activity and psychological support) family-based group treatment programme. We measured the adolescents’ compliance and body composition at baseline and after 2 months (intensive phase) and 13 months (extensive phase) of follow-up. Also, at baseline, after 6 months, and at the end of follow-up we calculated the DQI. Results: Global compliance with the dietary intervention was 37.4% during the intensive phase, and 14.3% during the extensive phase. Physical activity compliance was 94.1% at 2-months and 34.7% at 13months and psychological support compliance were growing over the intervention period (10.3% intensive phase and 45.3% during extensive phase). Adolescents complying with the meal frequency criteria at the end of the extensive phase had greater reductions in FMI z-scores than those did not complying (Cohen''s d = 0.53). A statistically significant association was observed with the diet quality index. DQI-A variation explained 98.1% of BMI z-score changes and 95.1% of FMI changes. Conclusions: We conclude that assessment of changes in diet quality could be a useful tool in predicting body composition changes in obese adolescents involved in a diet and physical activity intervention programme backed-up by psychological and family support

Desayuno y almuerzo de los adolescentes escolarizados de Santander Breakfast and snack of schooled adolescents in Santander

Objetivo: Estudiar el modelo de desayuno e ingesta alimentaria de media mañana (almuerzo) de los adolescentes escolarizados de la ciudad de Santander. Sujetos: Se realizó un estudio transversal, analizando una muestra de 403 adolescentes: 232 mujeres (58%; IC-95%:52%-62%) y 171 varones (42%; IC-95%: 38%-48%), de edades comprendidas entre los 12 y los 19 años, escolarizados en 12 centros de enseñanza secundaria de Santander, mediante un cuestionario cerrado y un recuerdo de 24 horas. Resultados: El 5% (IC-95%: 3,1%-7,6%) de los jóvenes manifestó no desayunar. Los alimentos más consumidos son la leche (47%; IC-95%: 42%-52%), la leche chocolateada (40%: IC-95%: 36%-45%) y las galletas (45%; IC-95%: 36%-45%). Por otro lado, el 63% (IC-95%:58%-70%) de los jóvenes consume leche entera, el 21% (IC-95%:17%-26%) leche semidesnatada y el 11% (IC-95%:8%-15%) leche desnatada. Se aprecia una tendencia lineal decreciente en el consumo de leche entera, y un aumento paralelo en el consumo de leches con menos fracción grasa conforme aumenta el curso académico de los adolescentes (test r² de tendencia lineal de Armitage = 2,32; p = 0,02). Los varones consumen una media de 3,0 (DE=1,35) alimentos diferentes en el desayuno y las mujeres 2,4 (DE=1,20). El 43% (IC-95%:38%-48%) de los adolescentes almuerza, lo que implica que un 2% (IC-95%: 1%-4%) de los jóvenes ni desayuna ni almuerza. El desayuno representa el 18% (IC-95%: 16%-19%) del total de la ingesta energética diaria, mientras que para el almuerzo este porcentaje es del 16% (IC-95%:14%-17%). Conclusión: Es necesario fomentar el consumo de un desayuno y almuerzo saludables que proporcionen una ingesta cuantitativa y cualitativa adecuadas.Objective: To study the breakfast model and food intake at mid-morning (snack) in schooled adolescents at Santander city. Subjects: A cross-sectional study was performed analyzing a sample of 403 adolescents: 232 girls (58%; 95%CI: 52%-62%) and 171 boys (42%; 95%CI: 38%-48%), with ages between 12 and 19 years, schooled at 12 second degree education centers of Santander, by means of a closed questionnaire and a recall 24 hours later. Results: Five percent (95%CI: 3.1%-7.6%) of the adolescents referred neglecting breakfast. The most consumed foods were milk (47%; 95%CI: 42%-52%), chocolate milk (40%; 95%CI: 36%-45%), and cookies (45%; 95%CI: 36%-45%). On the other hand, 63% of adolescents consume whole milk (95%CI: 58%-70%), 21% semi-skimmed milk (95%CI: 17%-26%), and 11% skimmed milk (95%CI: 8%-15%). A decreasing lineal tendency in whole milk consumption is observed and a parallel increase in consumption of milks with a lower fat content as the academic year of adolescents advances (Armitage's r² test for lineal tendency = 2.32; p = 0.02). Boys consume an average of 3.0 (SD = 1.35) different foods during breakfast and girls 2.4 (SD = 1.20). Forty-three percent (95%CI: 38%-48%) of adolescents have a snack, which means that 2% of adolescents do not have breakfast or a snack (95%CI: 1%-4%). Breakfast represents 18% (95%CI: 16%-19%) of the total daily energy intake, whereas for snack, this percentage is 16% (95%CI: 14%-17%). Conclusion: it is necessary to promote consumption of a healthy breakfast and snack that provide an appropriate quantitative and qualitative intake

Research concept for the study of implementation

SIGLEUuStB Koeln(38)-861101003 / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekDEGerman

Síndrome general y dolores óseos en un paciente tratado con tenofovir

El tenofovir (TDF), es el único inhibidor de la transcriptasa inversa análogo nucleótido para el tratamiento de la infección por virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH). Ocasionalmente, puede producir insuficiencia renal aguda y síndrome de Fanconi. Presentamos el caso de un varón de 64 años con infección por VIH conocida desde hace 22 años, en tratamiento con tenofovir. En las revisiones ambulatorias refería un cuadro progresivo de astenia y dolores óseos difusos. En varias determinaciones se había observado una elevación de la fosfatasa alcalina y la paratohormona (PTH). Durante el último mes empeoró su estado, por lo que fue ingresado en el hospital. Entre los datos analíticos destacaban: glucosuria marcada, hipofosfatemia, hiperfosfaturia e hipouricemia. Todas las alteraciones se resolvieron tras suspender el TDF, lo que ilustra la importancia de que los clínicos incluyan la posibilidad de tubulopatía proximal por TDF en pacientes con dolores óseos, síndrome general o alteraciones del metabolismo mineral

Alimentación y valoración del estado nutricional de los adolescentes españoles (Estudio AVENA): Evaluación de riesgos y propuesta de intervención. I. Descripción metodológica del proyecto Feeding and assessment of nutritional status of Spanish adolescents (AVENA study): Assessment of risks and intervention proposal

Antecedentes: La adolescencia es una etapa decisiva en el desarrollo humano por los múltiples cambios fisiológicos y psicológicos que en ella ocurren los cuales, a su vez, condicionan tanto las necesidades nutricionales como los hábitos de alimentación, actividad física y comportamiento. Además, está demostrado que estos hábitos tienen repercusión en el estado de salud en la vida adulta. El interés de este tema así como su apropiado desarrollo ha merecido una financiación por parte del Fondo de Investigación Sanitaria del Instituto de Salud Carlos III. Objetivo: Desarrollar una metodología que evalúe el estado de salud así como la situación nutricional-metabólica y forma física de una muestra representativa de adolescentes españoles. Especial atención se prestará a tres tipos específicos de patologías como son obesidad, anorexia nerviosa/bulimia, dislipidemia. Metodología: Para alcanzar el objetivo, se van a estudiar ocho tipos diferentes de magnitudes: 1) ingesta dietética, hábitos alimentarios y conocimientos nutricionales; 2) actividad física habitual y actitud frente a la práctica físico-deportiva; 3) nivel de condición física; 4) antropometría y composición corporal; 5) estudio hematobioquímico: perfil fenotípico lipídico y metabólico, estudio hematológico; 6) perfil genotípico de factores lipídicos de riesgo cardiovascular; 7) perfil inmunológico de estado nutricional; 8) perfil psicológico. Conclusión: Este proyecto incluye la actividad coordi nada de cinco centros españoles situados en otras tantas ciudades (Granada, Madrid, Murcia, Santander, Zaragoza). Cada uno de esos centros tiene larga y acreditada experiencia en la parte del estudio de la que es responsable. En función de los resultados obtenidos, se propondrá un programa específico de intervención que permita mejorar la alimentación y neutralizar el riesgo que, para las patologías antes mencionadas, existe entre los adolescentes españoles. Con ello se pretende contribuir a mejorar el estado de salud de la población española del nuevo milenio.Background: Adolescence is a decisive period in human life due to the multiple physiological and psychological changes that take place. These changes will condition both nutritional requirements and eating/physical activity behavior. It has been demonstrated that these "adolescence" factors are of significant influence in health status during adult life. Due to its importance and adequate development the project has been granted by the Fondo de Investigación Sanitaria of the Institute of Health Carlos III. Objective: To develop a methodology to evaluate the health and nutritional status of a representative population of Spanish adolescents. Specific attention is paid to three specific health problems: obesity, anorexia nervosa/ bulimia, dislipidemia. Methodology: The following magnitudes will be studied: 1) dietary intake, food habits and nutrition knowledge; 2) daily physical activity and personal approach; 3) physical condition; 4) anthropometry and body composition; 5) hematobiochemical study: plasma lipid phenotypic and metabolic profile, blood cell counts; 6) genotipic profile of cardiovascular risk lipid factors; 7) immune function profile related to nutritional status; 8) psychological profile. Conclusion: This project includes the co-ordinate activity of five Spanish centers of five different cities (Granada, Madrid, Murcia, Santander, Zaragoza). Each center is specialized in a specific area and will be responsible for the corresponding part of the study. From the data obtained, we will elaborate a specific intervention program in order to improve nutrition and neutralize the risk for nutritional related problems in adolescence. By this, we will contribute to improve the health status of the Spanish population in the new millennium

Thin GaAsSb capping layers for improved performance of InAs/GaAs quantum dot solar cells

This work reports on the benefits from using thin GaAsSb capping layers (CLs) on InAs/GaAs quantum dot (QD) solar cells. The application of such CLs allows the tunability of the QD ground state, switching the QD-CL band alignment from type I to type II for high Sb contents and extending the photoresponse beyond 1.5 µm. Two different structures with ~10% and ~20% Sb contents in the CL (type-I and type-II band alignments, respectively) are explored, leading to efficiency improvements over a reference InAs/GaAs QD solar cell of 20% and 10%, respectively. In general, a significant increase in short-circuit current density (Jsc) is observed, partially due to the extended photocurrent spectrum and the additional contribution of the CL itself. Particularly, for a moderate Sb content, an improved carrier collection efficiency is also found to be a main reason for the Jsc increase. Calculations from an 8×8 k·p method suggest the attribution of such an improvement to longer carrier lifetimes in the wetting layer-CL structure due to the transition to a type-II band alignment. Open-circuit voltages (Voc) exceeding that of a reference QD solar cell are demonstrated under light concentration using GaAsSb CLs, which proves that the Voc is not limited by the low bandgap CLs. Moreover, the highest value is obtained for the high Sb content type-II structure, despite the higher accumulation of strain and the lower effective bandgap. Indeed, the faster Voc increase with light power found in the latter case leads to an Voc even larger than the effective bandgap

Comparison of covid-19 and non-covid-19 pneumonia in down syndrome

Altres ajuts: Jerôme Lejeune Foundation (No 2002, 1777-2018); NIH (1R01EB 028159-01) ; Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación; Centros de Excelencia Severo Ochoa; CERCA Programme/Generalitat de Catalunya; CIBER of Rare Diseases (CIBERER); CIBER of Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN); Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER); HERCULES Center (NIEHS P30ES019776); LuMind IDSC Foundation.Whether the increased risk for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) hospitalization and death observed in Down syndrome (DS) are disease specific or also occur in individuals with DS and non-COVID-19 pneumonias is unknown. This retrospective cohort study compared COVID-19 cases in persons with DS hospitalized in Spain reported to the Trisomy 21 Research Society COVID- 19 survey (n = 86) with admissions for non-COVID-19 pneumonias from a retrospective clinical database of the Spanish Ministry of Health (n = 2832 patients). In-hospital mortality rates were significantly higher for COVID-19 patients (26.7% vs. 9.4%), especially among individuals over 40 and patients with obesity, dementia, and/or epilepsy. The mean length of stay of deceased patients with COVID-19 was significantly shorter than in those with non-COVID-19 pneumonias. The rate of admission to an ICU in patients with DS and COVID-19 (4.3%) was significantly lower than that reported for the general population with COVID-19. Our findings confirm that acute SARS-CoV-2 infection leads to higher mortality than non-COVID-19 pneumonias in individuals with DS, especially among adults over 40 and those with specific comorbidities. However, differences in access to respiratory support might also account for some of the heightened mortality of individuals with DS with COVID-19

Comparison of COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 pneumonia in Down syndrome

Whether the increased risk for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) hospitalization and death observed in Down syndrome (DS) are disease specific or also occur in individuals with DS and non-COVID-19 pneumonias is unknown. This retrospective cohort study compared COVID-19 cases in persons with DS hospitalized in Spain reported to the Trisomy 21 Research Society COVID-19 survey (n = 86) with admissions for non-COVID-19 pneumonias from a retrospective clinical database of the Spanish Ministry of Health (n = 2832 patients). In-hospital mortality rates were significantly higher for COVID-19 patients (26.7% vs. 9.4%), especially among individuals over 40 and patients with obesity, dementia, and/or epilepsy. The mean length of stay of deceased patients with COVID-19 was significantly shorter than in those with non-COVID-19 pneumonias. The rate of admission to an ICU in patients with DS and COVID-19 (4.3%) was significantly lower than that reported for the general population with COVID-19. Our findings confirm that acute SARS-CoV-2 infection leads to higher mortality than non-COVID-19 pneumonias in individuals with DS, especially among adults over 40 and those with specific comorbidities. However, differences in access to respiratory support might also account for some of the heightened mortality of individuals with DS with COVID-19.The lab of M.D. is supported by the Departament d’Universitats, Recerca i Societat de la Informació de la Generalitat de Catalunya (Grups consolidats 2017 SGR 926, 2017 SGR 138). We also acknowledge the support of the Agencia Estatal de Investigación (PID2019-110755RB-I00/AEI/10.13039/501100011033), the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 848077, Jerôme Lejeune Foundation (No 2002), NIH (Grant Number: 1R01EB 028159-01), Marató TV3 (#2016/20-30), JPND Heroes project. CRG acknowledges the support of the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation to the EMBL partnership, the Centro de Excelencia Severo Ochoa, and the CERCA Programme/Generalitat de Catalunya. The CIBER of Rare Diseases (CIBERER) and CIBER of Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN) are initiatives of the ISCIII. D.R.A. is partially supported by the Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias (FIS grant PI19/00634, European Fund for Regional Development—EFRD) and the Foundation Jérôme Lejeune (grant no. 1777-2018). The Research Programme on Biomedical Informatics (GRIB) is a member of the Spanish National Bioinformatics Institute (INB), funded by ISCIII and EDER (PT17/0009/0014). The DCEXS is a ‘Unidad de Excelencia María de Maeztu’, funded by the AEI (CEX2018-000782-M). The GRIB is also supported by the Agencia de Gestio d’Ajuts Universitaris i de Recerca (AGAUR), Generalitat de Catalunya (2017 SGR 00519). AH was supported by the HERCULES Center (NIEHS P30ES019776) and by the LuMind IDSC Foundation