CD200 genotype is associated with clinical outcome of patients with multiple myeloma

Immune dysfunction in patients with MM affects both the innate and adaptive immune system. Molecules involved in the immune response pathways are essential to determine the ability of cancer cells to escape from the immune system surveillance. However, few data are available concerning the role of immune checkpoint molecules in predicting the myeloma control and immunological scape as mechanism of disease progression. We retrospectively analyzed the clinical impact of the CD200 genotype (rs1131199 and rs2272022) in 291 patients with newly diagnosed MM. Patients with a CD200 rs1131199 GG genotype showed a median overall survival (OS) significantly lower than those with CC+CG genotype (67.8 months versus 94.4 months respectively; p: 0.022) maintaining significance in the multivariate analysis. This effect was specially detected in patients not receiving an autologous stem cell transplant (auto-SCT) (p < 0.001). In these patients the rs1131199 GG genotype negatively influenced in the mortality not related with the progression of MM (p: 0.02) mainly due to infections events

Genetic variants of CTLA4 are associated with clinical outcome of patients with multiple myeloma

Immune dysfunction in patients with multiple myeloma (MM) affects both the innate and adaptive immune system. Molecules involved in the immune checkpoint pathways are essential to determine the ability of cancer cells to escape from the immune system surveillance. However, few data are available concerning the role of these molecules in predicting the kinetics of progression of MM. We retrospectively analysed polymorphisms of CTLA4 (rs231775 and rs733618), BTLA (rs9288953), CD28 (rs3116496), PD-1 (rs36084323 and rs11568821) and LAG-3 (rs870849) genes in 239 patients with newly diagnosed MM. Patients with a CTLA4 rs231775 AA/AG genotype showed a median progression-free survival (PFS) significantly lower than those with GG genotype (32.3 months versus 96.8 months respectively; p: 0.008). The 5-year PFS rate was 25% for patients with grouped AA and AG genotype vs 55.4% for patients with GG genotype. Multivariate analysis confirmed the CTLA4 rs231775 genotype as an independent risk factor for PFS (Hazard Ratio (HR): 2.05; 95% CI: 1.0-6.2; p: 0.047). Our results suggest that the CTLA4 genotype may identify patients with earlier progression of MM. This polymorphism could potentially be used as a prognostic biomarker

Estudi de l'activitat antitumoral de nous compostos basats en metalls de transició

Nowadays, cancer is one of the leading causes of death in developed countries. Therefore, there is great interest of developing new therapeutic strategies to improve the efficiency of current cancer treatments. The vulnerability of cancer cells to oxidative stress may be a therapeutic target for new anti-cancer agents design. Differential redox homeostasis in normal and malignant cells suggests that promoting upregulation of cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) by pro-oxidant treatment could selectively target cancer cells without compromising the viability of healthy cells. The complexes generated in the cells showed a high capacity to induce DNA double-strand breaks through oxidative mechanisms, suggesting oxidative dependent mechanisms as its major biological targets. This activity has been demonstrated at both molecular (DNA plasmid) and cellular levels. In summary, the present work has characterized the mechanism by which the complexes exhibit anti-tumor activity against a large number of cell lines. This mechanism includes intracellular iron chelation and subsequent pro-oxidant activity by intracellular generated iron complexes. These complexes display a potent cytotoxic activity both in tumor cells and metastatic tumor stem cell-like. Therefore, altogether the results shown throughout the project provide functional evidences of a new family of metallodrugs with efficient anti-tumor activity aimed to disrupt tumor cell redox balance triggering cell death by oxidative-dependent mechanismsEn l’actualitat el càncer és una de les principals causes de mort en els països desenvolupats i per tant, hi ha un enorme interès en desenvolupar noves estratègies terapèutiques que millorin l’efectivitat dels actuals tractaments antitumorals. S’ha descrit que les alteracions metabòliques de les cèl·lules tumorals fan que estiguin sotmeses a un major estrès oxidatiu que les cèl·lules sanes i per tant són més vulnerables a agents pro-oxidants que puguin alterar el seu equilibri redox. Darrerament, aquesta diferència en l’estat redox s’està explorant com a diana pel desenvolupament de nous tractaments pel càncer. En aquest context, ens vam proposar analitzar l’activitat antitumoral de diferents famílies de complexes amb metalls de transició amb base aminopiridina que actuen com a eficients i robusts catalitzadors d'oxidació de substrats orgànics. Hem vist que aquests complexes presenten una elevada capacitat per induir talls en la doble cadena de DNA mitjançant mecanismes oxidatius, el que indica que aquest és una de les seves principals dianes biològiques. Aquesta activitat s’ha demostrat tant directament a nivell de DNA plasmídic com a nivell cel·lular. En resum, aquest estudi ha permès caracteritzar el mecanisme pel qual els compostos presenten una activitat antitumoral contra un elevat nombre de tipus cel·lulars. Aquest mecanisme inclou la quelació del ferro intracel·lular i la posterior activitat pro-oxidant dels complexes de ferro generats intracel·lularment, els quals exerceixen una potent activitat citotòxica tant en cèl·lules tumorals com en cèl·lules mare tumorals, causants de la metàstasi. Per tant, els resultats obtinguts en l’estudi proporcionen evidències funcionals d’una nova família de metal·lodrogues amb una eficient activitat antitumoral dirigida a alterar l’estat redox de les cèl·lules tumorals i a generar la seva mort per mecanismes oxidatiu

Estudi de l'activitat antitumoral de nous compostos basats en metalls de transició

Nowadays, cancer is one of the leading causes of death in developed countries. Therefore, there is great interest of developing new therapeutic strategies to improve the efficiency of current cancer treatments. The vulnerability of cancer cells to oxidative stress may be a therapeutic target for new anti-cancer agents design. Differential redox homeostasis in normal and malignant cells suggests that promoting upregulation of cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) by pro-oxidant treatment could selectively target cancer cells without compromising the viability of healthy cells. The complexes generated in the cells showed a high capacity to induce DNA double-strand breaks through oxidative mechanisms, suggesting oxidative dependent mechanisms as its major biological targets. This activity has been demonstrated at both molecular (DNA plasmid) and cellular levels. In summary, the present work has characterized the mechanism by which the complexes exhibit anti-tumor activity against a large number of cell lines. This mechanism includes intracellular iron chelation and subsequent pro-oxidant activity by intracellular generated iron complexes. These complexes display a potent cytotoxic activity both in tumor cells and metastatic tumor stem cell-like. Therefore, altogether the results shown throughout the project provide functional evidences of a new family of metallodrugs with efficient anti-tumor activity aimed to disrupt tumor cell redox balance triggering cell death by oxidative-dependent mechanismsEn l’actualitat el càncer és una de les principals causes de mort en els països desenvolupats i per tant, hi ha un enorme interès en desenvolupar noves estratègies terapèutiques que millorin l’efectivitat dels actuals tractaments antitumorals. S’ha descrit que les alteracions metabòliques de les cèl·lules tumorals fan que estiguin sotmeses a un major estrès oxidatiu que les cèl·lules sanes i per tant són més vulnerables a agents pro-oxidants que puguin alterar el seu equilibri redox. Darrerament, aquesta diferència en l’estat redox s’està explorant com a diana pel desenvolupament de nous tractaments pel càncer. En aquest context, ens vam proposar analitzar l’activitat antitumoral de diferents famílies de complexes amb metalls de transició amb base aminopiridina que actuen com a eficients i robusts catalitzadors d'oxidació de substrats orgànics. Hem vist que aquests complexes presenten una elevada capacitat per induir talls en la doble cadena de DNA mitjançant mecanismes oxidatius, el que indica que aquest és una de les seves principals dianes biològiques. Aquesta activitat s’ha demostrat tant directament a nivell de DNA plasmídic com a nivell cel·lular. En resum, aquest estudi ha permès caracteritzar el mecanisme pel qual els compostos presenten una activitat antitumoral contra un elevat nombre de tipus cel·lulars. Aquest mecanisme inclou la quelació del ferro intracel·lular i la posterior activitat pro-oxidant dels complexes de ferro generats intracel·lularment, els quals exerceixen una potent activitat citotòxica tant en cèl·lules tumorals com en cèl·lules mare tumorals, causants de la metàstasi. Per tant, els resultats obtinguts en l’estudi proporcionen evidències funcionals d’una nova família de metal·lodrogues amb una eficient activitat antitumoral dirigida a alterar l’estat redox de les cèl·lules tumorals i a generar la seva mort per mecanismes oxidatiu

Genetic variants of CTLA4 are associated with clinical outcome of patients with multiple myeloma

Immune dysfunction in patients with multiple myeloma (MM) affects both the innate and adaptive immune system. Molecules involved in the immune checkpoint pathways are essential to determine the ability of cancer cells to escape from the immune system surveillance. However, few data are available concerning the role of these molecules in predicting the kinetics of progression of MM. We retrospectively analysed polymorphisms of CTLA4 (rs231775 and rs733618), BTLA (rs9288953), CD28 (rs3116496), PD-1 (rs36084323 and rs11568821) and LAG-3 (rs870849) genes in 239 patients with newly diagnosed MM. Patients with a CTLA4 rs231775 AA/AG genotype showed a median progression-free survival (PFS) significantly lower than those with GG genotype (32.3 months versus 96.8 months respectively; p: 0.008). The 5-year PFS rate was 25% for patients with grouped AA and AG genotype vs 55.4% for patients with GG genotype. Multivariate analysis confirmed the CTLA4 rs231775 genotype as an independent risk factor for PFS (Hazard Ratio (HR): 2.05; 95% CI: 1.0-6.2; p: 0.047). Our results suggest that the CTLA4 genotype may identify patients with earlier progression of MM. This polymorphism could potentially be used as a prognostic biomarker

Pro-Oxidant Activity of Amine-Pyridine-Based Iron Complexes Efficiently Kills Cancer and Cancer Stem-Like Cells.

Differential redox homeostasis in normal and malignant cells suggests that pro-oxidant-induced upregulation of cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) should selectively target cancer cells without compromising the viability of untransformed cells. Consequently, a pro-oxidant deviation well-tolerated by nonmalignant cells might rapidly reach a cell-death threshold in malignant cells already at a high setpoint of constitutive oxidative stress. To test this hypothesis, we took advantage of a selected number of amine-pyridine-based Fe(II) complexes that operate as efficient and robust oxidation catalysts of organic substrates upon reaction with peroxides. Five of these Fe(II)-complexes and the corresponding aminopyridine ligands were selected to evaluate their anticancer properties. We found that the iron complexes failed to display any relevant activity, while the corresponding ligands exhibited significant antiproliferative activity. Among the ligands, none of which were hemolytic, compounds 1, 2 and 5 were cytotoxic in the low micromolar range against a panel of molecularly diverse human cancer cell lines. Importantly, the cytotoxic activity profile of some compounds remained unaltered in epithelial-to-mesenchymal (EMT)-induced stable populations of cancer stem-like cells, which acquired resistance to the well-known ROS inducer doxorubicin. Compounds 1, 2 and 5 inhibited the clonogenicity of cancer cells and induced apoptotic cell death accompanied by caspase 3/7 activation. Flow cytometry analyses indicated that ligands were strong inducers of oxidative stress, leading to a 7-fold increase in intracellular ROS levels. ROS induction was associated with their ability to bind intracellular iron and generate active coordination complexes inside of cells. In contrast, extracellular complexation of iron inhibited the activity of the ligands. Iron complexes showed a high proficiency to cleave DNA through oxidative-dependent mechanisms, suggesting a likely mechanism of cytotoxicity. In summary, we report that, upon chelation of intracellular iron, the pro-oxidant activity of amine-pyrimidine-based iron complexes efficiently kills cancer and cancer stem-like cells, thus providing functional evidence for an efficient family of redox-directed anti-cancer metallodrugs