CALIDAD DE MOVIMIENTO Y CINEANTROPOMETRIA Influencia de la Masa y la Composición Corporal en la valoración del Functional Movement Screen (FMS)

Objetivo: Indagar sobre la posible influencia de la masa y composición corporal en la valoración del Functional Movement Screen (FMS) con estudiantes de Actividad Física y Deporte (N = 30, 15 femeninos y 15 masculinos). Metodos: Previo a la valoración de las 7 (siete) pruebas del FMS, se administraron un conjunto de mediciones para determinar las características antropométricas, estimar masas corporales y cuantificar el nivel de prensión manual de la muestra voluntaria sujeta de estudio. Resultados: La muestra no probabilística informó un Score final para el FMS (S) de 16.17±1,66. El valor promedio de las 7 (siete) pruebas (XS) fue 2.31±0.24 y de las primeras 3 (tres) o Big Three (B3) 2.21±0.31. La muestra femenina y masculina puntuaron 16.47±1.51, 2.36±0.22, 2.31±0.23 y 15.87±1.81, 2.27±0.26, 2.11±0.35 respectivamente, con diferencias entre géneros sólo para el Trunk Stability Push-UP (TPU) (p<0.05). Las correlaciones de la muestra total se vieron optimizadas en los sujetos femeninos y masculinos de Masa Corporal (MC) superior al promedio del parámetro OMS de peso para adultos (n = 19), en la asociación de S y XS con la Diferencia Porcentual de la Masa Corporal respecto al parámetro OMS de peso para adultos (OMS%) (rs -0.44) y el IMC (rs -0.50) respectivamente (p<0.05). Las mayores correlaciones del estudio se obtuvieron con aquellos sujetos masculinos con una MC superior al promedio del parámetro OMS de peso para adultos (n = 11), entre ellas OMS% con S (rs -0.71), SX (rs -0.71) y B3 (rs -0.76), e IMC con S (rs -0.70), SX (rs -0.70) y B3 (rs -0,73). Conclusiones: A pesar de la creciente tendencia negativa del incremento de la MC en la Calidad de Movimiento, será necesario mayor estudio para determinar si la variación de la valoración del FMS podría estar estrictamente vinculada a factores antropométricos, particularmente respecto a las pruebas con descarga de masa corporal.Aims: To investigate the possible influence of body mass and composition in the assessment of the Functional Movement Screen (FMS) with Physical Activity and Sport students (N = 30, 15 female and 15 male).Methods: Prior to the assessment of the 7 (seven) FMS tests, a set of measurements were administered to determine the anthropometric characteristics, estimate body masses and quantify the level of manual grasp of the voluntary sample under study. Results: The non-probabilistic sample reported a final score for the FMS (S) of 16.17 ± 1.66. The average value of the 7 (seven) tests (XS) was 2.31 ± 0.24 and of the first 3 (three) or Big Three (B3) 2.21 ± 0.31. The female and male sample scored 16.47 ± 1.51, 2.36 ± 0.22, 2.31 ± 0.23 and 15.87 ± 1.81, 2.27 ± 0.26, 2.11 ± 0.35 respectively, with differences between genders only for the Trunk Stability Push-UP (TPU) (p <0.05 ). The correlations of the total sample were optimized in the female and male subjects of Body Mass (BM) higher than the average of the WHO parameter of weight for adults (n = 19), in the association of S and XS with the Percentage Difference of the Body Mass with respect to the WHO weight parameter for adults (WHO%) (rs -0.44) and BMI (rs -0.50) respectively (p <0.05). The highest correlations in the study were obtained with those male subjects with a BM higher than the average of the WHO weight parameter for adults (n = 11), among them WHO% with S (rs -0.71), SX (rs -0.71) and B3 (rs -0.76), and BMI with S (rs -0.70), SX (rs -0.70) and B3 (rs -0.73). Conclusions: Despite the growing negative trend of the increase in BM in Movement Quality, further study will be necessary to determine if the variation in the FMS assessment could be strictly linked to anthropometric factors, particularly with respect to tests with discharge of body mass

Growth Curves Modelling and Its Application

FQM147-Análisis estadístico de datos multivariantes y procesos estocásticos.In this article, we compare two ways of modelling measures of fetal growth. The goal is to impute the missing information for certain ultrasound measurements that are observed at different times and with different numbers of observations. To analyze the effect that other variables have, such as environmental exposure to certain substances or diet, on fetal growth based on these data, we need to handle the information measured at the same instant of time for all the individuals under study, preferably in three time windows of pregnancy (first trimester, week 12; second trimester, week 20; third trimester, week 34). For this, data at these chosen times, in case they are not available, must be imputed from the available information using an appropriate statistical model. One option is to use a linear model, specifically a generalized least squares model that is fitted to the features shown in the data. The other option is to use diffusion processes, estimating their parameters based on the available information. In both options, missing data can be estimated with the unconditional fitted model, conditional on the previous available measurement, or conditional to the closest measurement.En este artículo, comparamos dos formas de modelar medidas de crecimiento fetal. El objetivo es imputar la información faltante para determinadas mediciones ecográficas que se observan en diferentes momentos y con diferente número de observaciones. Para analizar el efecto que otras variables, como la exposición ambiental a determinadas sustancias o la dieta, tienen sobre el crecimiento fetal a partir de estos datos, debemos manejar la información medida en el mismo instante de tiempo para todos los individuos estudiados, preferiblemente en tres ventanas de tiempo del embarazo (primer trimestre, semana 12; segundo trimestre, semana 20; tercer trimestre, semana 34). Para ello, los datos en esos momentos elegidos, en caso de que no estén disponibles, deberán imputarse a partir de la información disponible utilizando un modelo estadístico adecuado. Una opción es utilizar un modelo lineal, específicamente un modelo de mínimos cuadrados generalizados que se ajuste a las características que se muestran en los datos. La otra opción es utilizar procesos de difusión, estimando sus parámetros en función de la información disponible. En ambas opciones, los datos faltantes se pueden estimar con el modelo ajustado incondicional, condicional a la medición anterior disponible o condicional a la medición más cercana

Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (MTHFR) Gene Polymorphism and Infant’s Anthropometry at Birth

This research was funded by the Institute of Health Carlos III (PI13/01559), including the European Regional Development Fund (FEDER) and the Regional Health Council of Andalusia (Spain) (PI-0405-2014).This study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki, and the protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of “Consejería de Salud y Familias, Junta de Andalucía” (PI-0405-2014). and “Consejería de Igualdad, Salud y Políticas Sociales, Junta de Andalucía” (PI13/01559)We follow the standards described in Andalusian and Spanish laws of personal data protection and biomedical research for the treatment of information and biological samples of human origin.Women were informed of all study procedures and gave their informed consent for inclusion before they participated in the study.The authors thank the team of the i-Diet software for their support in the estimation of daily energy and nutrient intake. Likewise, a special mention to the pregnant women who participated in this study and the health professionals from El Poniente Hospital, Almeria.Identification of causal factors that influence fetal growth and anthropometry at birth is of great importance as they provide information about increased risk of disease throughout life. The association between maternal genetic polymorphism MTHFR(677)C>T and anthropometry at birth has been widely studied because of its key role in the one-carbon cycle. MTHFR(677) CT and TT genotypes have been associated with a greater risk of low birth weight, especially in case of deficient intake of folic acid during pregnancy. This study aimed to analyze the association between the maternal MTHFR(677)C>T genetic polymorphism and anthropometry at birth in a population with adequate folate consumption. We included 694 mother-newborn pairs from a prospective population-based birth cohort in Spain, in the Genetics, Early life enviroNmental Exposures and Infant Development in Andalusia (GENEIDA) project. Women were genotyped for MTHFR(677)C>T SNP by Q-PCR using TaqMan (c) probes. Relevant maternal and newborn information was obtained from structured questionnaires and medical records. Results showed that maternal MTHFR(677)C>T genotype was associated with newborn anthropometry. Genotypes CT or CT/TT showed statistically significant associations with increased or decreased risk of large-for-gestational-age (LGA) or small-for-gestational-age (SGA) based on weight and height, depending on the newborn's sex, as well as with SGA in premature neonates. The relationships between this maternal genotype and anthropometry at birth remained despite an adequate maternal folate intake.Instituto de Salud Carlos III PI13/01559European CommissionRegional Health Council of Andalusia (Spain) PI-0405-201

A meta-analysis of pre-pregnancy maternal body mass index and placental DNA methylation identifies 27 CpG sites with implications for mother-child health

Higher maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index (ppBMI) is associated with increased neonatal morbidity, as well as with pregnancy complications and metabolic outcomes in offspring later in life. The placenta is a key organ in fetal development and has been proposed to act as a mediator between the mother and different health outcomes in children. The overall aim of the present work is to investigate the association of ppBMI with epigenomewide placental DNA methylation (DNAm) in 10 studies from the PACE consortium, amounting to 2631 mother-child pairs. We identify 27 CpG sites at which we observe placental DNAm variations of up to 2.0% per 10 ppBMI-unit. The CpGs that are differentially methylated in placenta do not overlap with CpGs identified in previous studies in cord blood DNAm related to ppBMI. Many of the identified CpGs are located in open sea regions, are often close to obesity-related genes such as GPX1 and LGR4 and altogether, are enriched in cancer and oxidative stress pathways. Our findings suggest that placental DNAm could be one of the mechanisms by which maternal obesity is associated with metabolic health outcomes in newborns and children, although further studies will be needed in order to corroborate these findings.French Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National des Sciences de l'Univers (INSU)Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF)European CommissionMinistry of Science and Innovation, Spain (MICINN)Spanish Government FJC2018-036729European Development FundEuropean Social Fund (ESF

Biomonitoring of common organophosphate metabolites in hair and urine of children from an agricultural community

Levels of dialkylphosphate (DAP) metabolites were measured in hair and urine of children that lived close to intensively farmed areas of Almeria (Southeast Spain). The levels were used as proxies for exposure of these children to organophosphate pesticides (OPs). Determinants of exposure to DAPs were also examined. Urine and hair samples were collected from 222 children aged 3–11 years and information on lifestyle and dietary habits was collected from questionnaires administered to mothers. Urinary DAPs were analyzed by ultra-high performance liquid-chromatography coupled to triple-quadrupole tandem mass-spectrometry (UHPLC-QqQ-MS/MS) and hair DAPs by gas-chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC–MS). Detection rates ranged from 21.8% for diethylphosphate (DEP) and diethylthiophosphate (DETP) to 35.9% for dimethylphosphate (DMP) in urine; and from 42.3% for DETP to 92.8% for DMP in hair. Diethyldithiophosphate (DEDTP) was detected in 0.5% of urine samples (one child), and in 26.6% of children's hair samples. A lack of correlation was observed for individual DAP metabolites and ΣDAPs between urine and hair samples, except for DEDTP. Urinary DAP levels of our child population were lower than those reported for children from other countries, including NHANES 1999–2000 data.This study was partially funded by the Ministry of Economy, Innovation, Science and Employment, Government of Andalucia (reference number P08-CTS-04313, FEDER funds)

Socio-demographic, lifestyle, and dietary determinants of essential and possibly-essential trace element levels in adipose tissue from an adult cohort

There is increasing evidence linking levels of trace elements (TEs) in adipose tissue with certain chronic conditions (e.g., diabetes or obesity). The objectives of this study were to assess concentrations of a selection of nine essential and possibly-essential TEs in adipose tissue samples from an adult cohort and to explore their socio-demographic, dietary, and lifestyle determinants. Adipose tissue samples were intraoperatively collected from 226 volunteers recruited in two public hospitals from Granada province. Trace elements (Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Se, V, and Zn) were analyzed in adipose tissue by high-resolution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (HR-ICP-MS). Data were collected on socio-demographic characteristics, lifestyle, diet, and health status by face-to-face interview. Predictors of TE concentrations were assessed by using multivariable linear and logistic regression. All TEs were detected in all samples with the exception of Se (53.50%). Iron, zinc, and copper showed the highest concentrations (42.60 mg/kg, 9.80 mg/kg, and 0.68 mg/kg, respectively). Diet was the main predictor of Cr, Fe, Mo, and Se concentrations. Body mass index was negatively associated with all TEs (β coefficients = −0.018 to −0.593, p = 0.001–0.090) except for Mn and V. Age showed a borderline-significant positive correlation with Cu (β = 0.004, p = 0.089). Residence in a rural or semi-rural area was associated with increased Co, Cr, Fe, Mo, Mn, V and Zn concentrations and with β coefficients ranging from 0.196 to 0.544 (p < 0.05). Furthermore, individuals with higher educational level showed increased Cr, Co, Fe and V concentrations (β coefficients = 0.276–0.368, p = 0.022–0.071). This is the first report on the distribution of these TEs in adipose tissue and on their determinants in a human cohort and might serve as an initial step in the elucidation of their clinical relevance

The questionnaire design process in the European Human Biomonitoring Initiative (HBM4EU)

BACKGROUND: Designing questionnaires is a key point of epidemiological studies assessing human exposure to chemicals. The lack of validated questionnaires can lead to the use of previously developed and sub-optimally adapted questionnaires, which may result in information biases that affect the study's validity. On this ground, a multidisciplinary group of researchers developed a series of tools to support data collection within the HBM4EU initiative. The objective of this paper is to share the process of developing HBM4EU questionnaires, as well as to provide researchers with harmonized procedures that could help them to design future questionnaires to assess environmental exposures. METHODS: In the frame of the work package on survey design and fieldwork of the HBM4EU, researchers carried out procedures necessary for the development of quality questionnaires and related data collection tools. These procedures consisted of a systematic search to identify questionnaires used in previous human biomonitoring (HBM) studies, as well as the development of a checklist and evaluation sheet to assess the questionnaires identified. The results of these evaluations were taken into consideration for the development of the final questionnaires. RESULTS: The main points covered by each of the sections included in HBM4EU questionnaires are described and discussed in detail. Additional tools developed for data collection in the HBM4EU (e.g. non-responder questionnaire, satisfaction questionnaire, matrix-specific questionnaire) are also addressed. Special attention is paid to the limitations faced and hurdles overcome during the process of questionnaire development. CONCLUSIONS: Designing questionnaires for use in HBM studies requires substantial effort by a multidisciplinary team to guarantee that the quality of the information collected meets the study's objectives. The process of questionnaire development described herein will contribute to improve the harmonization of HBM studies within the social and environmental context of the EU countries

Validity and Reproducibility of a Food Frequency Questionnaire to Assess Nutrients Intake of Pregnant Women in the South-East of Spain

Proper nutrition during pregnancy is pivotal to maintain good health for the child and the mother. This study evaluates the reproducibility and validity of a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) designed to assess nutrient intake during pregnancy in the GENEIDA (Genetics, Early life Environmental Exposures and Infant Development in Andalusia) prospective birth cohort study. In addition, the nutrient intake was estimated and then compared with European guidelines and other studies. Diet information was collected from 690 pregnant women using a FFQ administered at two periods of pregnancy (used for the reproducibility study) and 24-h dietary recall (for the validity study). Statistical approaches included Spearman’s correlation coefficient and percentage agreement, classifying women into the same or adjacent quintiles to assess reproducibility, and limits of agreement (LoA) to evaluate validity. In the study of reproducibility, significant correlations for nutrients adjusted for total energy had an average of 0.417. Moreover, the percentage of subjects classified in the same quintile for nutrient intakes were above 66%. In the validation study, the significant correlation for nutrients adjusted for total energy had an average of 0.272. Nevertheless, the percentage of results in the LoA was above 94%. Our results were similar to other studies suggesting that the FFQ used is a valid tool of collect dietary intakes for South-East Spanish pregnant women.Institute of Health Carlos III (PI13/01559), including The European Regional Development Fund (FEDER)Regional Health Council of Andalusia (Spain) (PI045-2014)Plan propio de Investigación y Transferencia of the University of Granada under the program “Intensificación de la Investigación, modalidad B”

HBM4EU-MOM: Prenatal methylmercury-exposure control in five countries through suitable dietary advice for pregnancy – Study design and characteristics of participants

Background: Seafood is a major source of vital nutrients for optimal fetal growth, but at the same time is the main source of exposure to methylmercury (MeHg), an established neurodevelopmental toxicant. Pregnant women must be provided with dietary advice so as to include safely fish in their diet for nutrition and mercury control. The aim of this work is to present the design of a multicentre randomized control trial (RCT), which combines human biomonitoring (HBM) with dietary interventions using seafood consumption advice to pregnant women for MeHg control, and to collect information about other possible sources of exposure to mercury. It also presents the materials developed for the implementation of the study and the characteristics of the study participants, which were self-reported in the first trimester of pregnancy. Methods: The "HBM4EU-MOM" RCT was performed in the frame of the European Human Biomonitoring Initiative (HBM4EU) in five coastal, high fish-consuming European countries (Cyprus, Greece, Spain, Portugal and Iceland). According to the study design, pregnant women (≥120/country, ≤20 weeks gestational age) provided a hair sample for total mercury assessment (THg) and personal information relevant to the study (e.g., lifestyle, pregnancy status, diet before and during the pregnancy, information on seafood and factors related to possible non-dietary exposures to mercury) during the first trimester of pregnancy. After sampling, participants were randomly assigned to "control" (habitual practices) or "intervention" (received the harmonized HBM4EU-MOM dietary advice for fish consumption during the pregnancy and were encouraged to follow it). Around child delivery, participants provided a second hair sample and completed another tailored questionnaire. Results: A total of 654 women aged 18-45 years were recruited in 2021 in the five countries, primarily through their health-care providers. The pre-pregnancy BMI of the participants ranged from underweight to obese, but was on average within the healthy range. For 73% of the women, the pregnancy was planned. 26% of the women were active smokers before the pregnancy and 8% continued to smoke during the pregnancy, while 33% were passive smokers before pregnancy and 23% remained passively exposed during the pregnancy. 53% of the women self-reported making dietary changes for their pregnancy, with 74% of these women reporting making the changes upon learning of their pregnancy. Of the 43% who did not change their diet for the pregnancy, 74% reported that their diet was already balanced, 6% found it difficult to make changes and 2% were unsure of what changes to make. Seafood consumption did not change significantly before and during the first trimester of pregnancy (overall average ∼8 times per month), with the highest frequency reported in Portugal (≥15 times per month), followed by Spain (≥7 times per month). During the first-trimester of pregnancy, 89% of the Portuguese women, 85% of the Spanish women and 90%) were unaware of safe procedures for handling spillage from broken thermometers and energy-saving lamps, though >22% experienced such an incident (>1 year ago). 26% of the women had dental amalgams. ∼1% had amalgams placed and ∼2% had amalgams removed during peri-pregnancy. 28% had their hair dyed in the past 3 months and 40% had body tattoos. 8% engaged with gardening involving fertilizers/pesticides and 19% with hobbies involving paints/pigments/dyes. Conclusions: The study design materials were fit for the purposes of harmonization and quality-assurance. The harmonized information collected from pregnant women suggests that it is important to raise the awareness of women of reproductive age and pregnant women about how to safely include fish in their diet and to empower them to make proper decisions for nutrition and control of MeHg, as well as other chemical exposures.We acknowledge funding for HBM4EU from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement #733032 and the national governments of the participating countries. This publication reflects only the authors’ views, and the European Commission is not responsible for any use that may be made of the in formation it contains.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

HBM4EU-MOM: Prenatal methylmercury-exposure control in five countries through suitable dietary advice for pregnancy - Study design and characteristics of participants

Background: Seafood is a major source of vital nutrients for optimal fetal growth, but at the same time is the main source of exposure to methylmercury (MeHg), an established neurodevelopmental toxicant. Pregnant women must be provided with dietary advice so as to include safely fish in their diet for nutrition and mercury control. The aim of this work is to present the design of a multicentre randomized control trial (RCT), which combines human biomonitoring (HBM) with dietary interventions using seafood consumption advice to pregnant women for MeHg control, and to collect information about other possible sources of exposure to mercury. It also presents the materials developed for the implementation of the study and the characteristics of the study participants, which were self-reported in the first trimester of pregnancy. Methods: The "HBM4EU-MOM" RCT was performed in the frame of the European Human Biomonitoring Initiative (HBM4EU) in five coastal, high fish-consuming European countries (Cyprus, Greece, Spain, Portugal and Iceland). According to the study design, pregnant women (≥120/country, ≤20 weeks gestational age) provided a hair sample for total mercury assessment (THg) and personal information relevant to the study (e.g., lifestyle, pregnancy status, diet before and during the pregnancy, information on seafood and factors related to possible non-dietary exposures to mercury) during the first trimester of pregnancy. After sampling, participants were randomly assigned to "control" (habitual practices) or "intervention" (received the harmonized HBM4EU-MOM dietary advice for fish consumption during the pregnancy and were encouraged to follow it). Around child delivery, participants provided a second hair sample and completed another tailored questionnaire. Results: A total of 654 women aged 18-45 years were recruited in 2021 in the five countries, primarily through their health-care providers. The pre-pregnancy BMI of the participants ranged from underweight to obese, but was on average within the healthy range. For 73% of the women, the pregnancy was planned. 26% of the women were active smokers before the pregnancy and 8% continued to smoke during the pregnancy, while 33% were passive smokers before pregnancy and 23% remained passively exposed during the pregnancy. 53% of the women self-reported making dietary changes for their pregnancy, with 74% of these women reporting making the changes upon learning of their pregnancy. Of the 43% who did not change their diet for the pregnancy, 74% reported that their diet was already balanced, 6% found it difficult to make changes and 2% were unsure of what changes to make. Seafood consumption did not change significantly before and during the first trimester of pregnancy (overall average ∼8 times per month), with the highest frequency reported in Portugal (≥15 times per month), followed by Spain (≥7 times per month). During the first-trimester of pregnancy, 89% of the Portuguese women, 85% of the Spanish women and 90%) were unaware of safe procedures for handling spillage from broken thermometers and energy-saving lamps, though >22% experienced such an incident (>1 year ago). 26% of the women had dental amalgams. ∼1% had amalgams placed and ∼2% had amalgams removed during peri-pregnancy. 28% had their hair dyed in the past 3 months and 40% had body tattoos. 8% engaged with gardening involving fertilizers/pesticides and 19% with hobbies involving paints/pigments/dyes. Conclusions: The study design materials were fit for the purposes of harmonization and quality-assurance. The harmonized information collected from pregnant women suggests that it is important to raise the awareness of women of reproductive age and pregnant women about how to safely include fish in their diet and to empower them to make proper decisions for nutrition and control of MeHg, as well as other chemical exposures.We acknowledge funding for HBM4EU from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement #733032 and the national governments of the participating countries. This publication reflects only the authors’ views, and the European Commission is not responsible for any use that may be made of the information it contains.S