Impact of COVID-19 lockdown on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and insulin resistance in adults: a before and after pandemic lockdown longitudinal study

Background: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is a chronic disease caused by the accumulation of fat in the liver related to overweight and obesity, insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, and high levels of triglycerides and leads to an increased cardiovascular risk. It is considered a global pandemic, coinciding with the pandemic in 2020 caused by the 'coronavirus disease 2019' (COVID-19). Due to COVID-19, the population was placed under lockdown. The aim of our study was to evaluate how these unhealthy lifestyle modifications influenced the appearance of metabolic alterations and the increase in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Methods: A prospective study was carried out on 6236 workers in a Spanish population between March 2019 and March 2021. Results: Differences in the mean values of anthropometric and clinical parameters before and after lockdown were revealed. There was a statistically significant worsening in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and in the insulin resistance scales, with increased body weight, BMI, cholesterol levels with higher LDL levels, and glucose and a reduction in HDL levels. Conclusions: Lockdown caused a worsening of cardiovascular risk factors due to an increase in liver fat estimation scales and an increased risk of presenting with NAFLD and changes in insulin resistance. Keywords: COVID-19; insulin resistance; non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

Influence of educational level and healthy habits on the prevalence of diabesity in a Spanish working population

Background: Diabesity is a growing problem internationally. Taking into account the importance of physical activity and diet in its prevention and treatment, the objective of this study was to delve into the impact of healthy habits on diabesity. Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional study was carried out in 386,924 Spanish adult workers. Obesity was determined according to eleven different formulas. Life habits were also valued; sociodemographic variables; and educational level; as well as analytical and clinical variables such as blood pressure and blood glucose levels. The association between the different variables was performed using the chi-square and the Student's t-tests when the samples were independent. A multivariate analysis was performed using the multinomial logistic regression test by calculating the odds ratio and a 95% confidence interval. The Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test was also performed. Results: The overall prevalence of diabesity ranged between 0.3% (95% CI 0.3-0.4) when obesity was assessed according to the abdominal volume index and 8.3% (95% CI 8.2-8.4) when evaluated according to the CUN-BAE (Clínica Universitaria de Navarra Body Adiposity Estimator) formula. The prevalence of diabesity was also higher in workers with a non-heart-healthy diet and in those who did not exercise regularly. Conclusions: The most disadvantaged socioeconomic classes are those with the highest prevalence of diabesity. It is important to prioritise prevention in populations and communities with the most unfavourable social and environmental conditions to reduce the burden of diabesit

Determinación de diferentes escalas de riesgo cardiovascular en el profesorado español: variables asociadas

Artículos originales[EN] Introduction: Cardiovascular disease is currently one of the most prevalent non-communicable diseases, affecting nearly 57% of the world’s population, accounting for 32% of deaths worldwide. The aim of the study is to determine the cardiovascular risk of teaching staff. Methods: Retrospective, cross-sectional study carried out on 4,738 teachers from different Spanish geographical areas with a mean age of 41 years. Different variables related to cardiovascular risk are determined, such as overweight and obesity scales, nonalcoholic fatty liver scales, atherogenic indices, metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular risk scales, among others. Results: Among the results we highlight a prevalence of hypercholesterolemia of 41%, hyperteriglyceridemia 12.1%, hypertension 15.5%, obesity using BMI 13%, high risk of fatty liver 11.3% and moderate or high SCORE values 11.4%. Conclusion: The teaching staff is not free from developing CVD that we can relate to the lack of physical activity and an unhealthy diet that increases the prevalence of obesity and overweight. [ES] Introducción: Las enfermedades cardiovasculares son actualmente una de las enfermedades no transmisibles más prevalentes, ya que afectan a casi el 57% de la población mundial siendo responsables del 32% de las muertes en el mundo. El objetivo del estudio es conocer el riesgo cardiovascular del personal docente. Métodos: Estudio retrospectivo y transversal realizado en 4.738 profesores de diferentes zonas geográficas españo las con una edad media de 41 años. Se determinan diferentes variables relacionadas con el riesgo cardiovascular, como escalas de sobrepeso y obesidad, escalas de hígado graso no alcohólico, índices aterogénicos, síndrome me tabólico y escalas de riesgo cardiovascular, entre otras. Resultados: Entre los resultados destacamos una prevalencia de hipercolesterolemia del 41%, hiperterigliceri demia del 12,1%, hipertensión del 15,5%, obesidad mediante IMC del 13%, alto riesgo de hígado graso del 11,3% y valores de SCORE moderados o altos del 11,4%. Conclusión: El profesorado no está exento de desarrollar ECV que podemos relacionar con la falta de actividad física y una dieta poco saludable que aumenta la prevalencia de obesidad y sobrepeso.N

Comparison of different overweight and obesity indexes in young adult Spanish workers

[eng] Introduction. Obesity is a major public health problem in both developed and underdeveloped countries due to its high prevalence and the complications it causes, such as type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, musculoskeletal and psychological disorders and avoidable lost life years. Objectives. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of overweight and obesity in young Spanish adults using different scales. Material and methods. Retrospective and cross-sectional study in 136,821 Spanish workers 18 to 34 years of age from different labour sectors. In this group, different scales related to overweight and obesity, such as BMI, waist-to-height ratio, and body fat estimators, such as CUNBAE, ECORE-BF, relative fat mass, Deuremberg formula and Palafolls formula, among others, were evaluated. Results. 12.03% of women and 12.15% of men were obese according to BMI. The prevalence of obesity due to excess body fat with the gold standard CUN BAE scale was 28.09% in women and 27.11% in men. Most overweight and obesity scales using anthropometric parameters show a higher prevalence in men, while scales using body fat show a higher prevalence of obesity in women. Conclusions. The prevalence of medium and high values of the different scales used to assess overweight and obesity can be considered high in the active population between 18 and 34 years of age, which implies secondary pathologies, loss of quality of life and premature death

Una inversión para el futuro

En el informe entregado por Jeffrey D. Sachs, Presidente de la Comisión sobre Macroeconomía y Salud, a Cro. Harlem Brundtland, Directora General de la Organización Mundial de la Salud, 20 de diciembre de 2001, se plantea: “La comunidad mundial tiene a su alcance la capacidad de salvar las vidas de millones de personas cada año y de impulsar el desarrollo económico en los países más pobres. La tecnología y la política han impulsado un acercamiento sin precedentes entre países; sin embargo, los beneficios potenciales de la globalización, como resultado de la creciente puesta en común de las ideas, de culturas, de tecnologías capaces de salvar la vida y de procesos de producción eficientes, son puestos en tela de juicio, en parte porque estos beneficios todavía no llegan a cientos de millones de pobres del mundo y, en parte, porque el proceso genera nuevos desafíos internacionales.” </span

Compilación de Proyectos de Investigacion de 1984-2002

Instituto Politecnico Nacional. UPIICS