¿Se ajusta el calzado al pie en la población escolar? Estudio con fines preventivos

Una inquietud personal, como madre y podóloga, fue lo que impulsó la realización de esta investigación. Existe una gran dificultad para encontrar un calzado adecuado para la población escolar, pero lo realmente inquietante es el saber si éste se adapta a la morfología de estos pies en crecimiento. El pie del niño es diferente al pie del adulto y un mal ajuste del calzado le puede producir patologías incapacitantes en la edad adulta. El objetivo principal es comprobar el ajuste del calzado al pie del escolar, con vistas a prevenir las citadas alteraciones o deformidades en el futuro. Para realizar la investigación, se diseñó un instrumento que nos permitiese tomar medidas de la longitud, anchura y alturas en tres niveles del dorso del pie y que, a su vez, nos facilita el traslado de magnitudes al interior del calzado. El ajuste del calzado al pie mediante este medidor fue analizado tomando como referencia el pie más largo en 505 escolares (249 niños y 256 niñas) de edades comprendidas entre los 3 y los 12 años. Sintetizando, concluimos que el escolar lleva un calzado más largo del que necesita en un 59.2% de los casos, y con una anchura superior a la recomendada, en el 64.3%. Por el contrario, hemos encontrado que el 33% de los alumnos emplea un calzado de menor longitud que su pie y un 7.9%, un calzado estrecho. Insistimos en que esta investigación está realizada con una finalidad preventiva; hemos pretendido contribuir a identificar un posible factor de riesgo que pone en compromiso la salud podológica de los escolares. Desde esta premisa, los resultados del trabajo serán trasladados a la industria del calzado, y es fundamental que este sector tome conciencia del problema y se implique en su resolución. Es esencial que el diseño y fabricación de las hormas del calzado tengan en cuenta las dimensiones y formas del pie de la población a la que se destina y contemplar su variación entre la estática y la dinámica, así como las diferencias en cuanto a la edad y el sexo de sus usuarios. Esta investigación, asimismo, deja la puerta abierta a posteriores estudios, pues aún queda mucho por hacer en este campo y somos muchos los profesionales dispuestos a luchar por el futuro de la salud podológica

Jean Jacques Rousseau

El texto es fruto de un trabajo colectivo de docentes investigadores universitarios sobre la cuestión del método en la enseñanza. Respecto del mismo, se advierte cierta vacancia teórica expresada en una proliferación de términos de significados diversos resultado de su inscripción en contextos de emergencia y campos disciplinares diferentes, sin discriminaciones precisas que permitan reconocer filiaciones teóricas. Se trata de un estudio, sobre constitución de teorías educativas, perspectiva encaminada a explorar procesos de configuración de conocimientos sobre la escuela y la educación. Interesa en este estudio reconocer los significados que se le asignan al método desde distintas líneas de pensamiento, en una lectura didáctica. En la intención de recuperar una mirada histórica no fragmentada ni inmediatista que dé cuenta de la génesis de abordajes sobre un determinado tema en un campo, se aborda la cuestión del método en los clásicos -Comenio, Rousseau, Kant, Pestalozzi y Herbart- desde ciertas claves de lectura-entendidas como organizadoras de la búsqueda y posterior sistematización. Ellas son: trayectoria de vida del autor; matriz socio cultural de (su) producción: mirada del autor sobre el contexto; discursos y prácticas educativas de la época, texto paradigmático; enfoque; perspectiva del autor respecto del método y las temáticas vinculadas al mismo.Fil: Ortúzar, Silvia. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Filosofía y Humanidades. Escuela de Ciencias de la Educación; Argentina.Fil: Dalmas, María Elena. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Filosofía y Humanidades. Escuela de Ciencias de la Educación; Argentina.Fil: González, María Luisa. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Filosofía y Humanidades. Escuela de Ciencias de la Educación; Argentina.Educación General (incluye capacitación, pedagogía y didáctica

Fucoxanthin-Containing Cream Prevents Epidermal Hyperplasia and UVB-Induced Skin Erythema in Mice

Microalgae represent a source of bio-active compounds such as carotenoids with potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. We aimed to investigate the effects of fucoxanthin (FX) in both in vitro and in vivo skin models. Firstly, its anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated in LPS-stimulated THP-1 macrophages and TNF-α-stimulated HaCaT keratinocytes, and its antioxidant activity in UVB-irradiated HaCaT cells. Next, in vitro and ex vivo permeation studies were developed to determine the most suitable formulation for in vivo FX topical application. Then, we evaluated the effects of a FX-containing cream on TPA-induced epidermal hyperplasia in mice, as well as on UVB-induced acute erythema in hairless mice. Our results confirmed the in vitro reduction of TNF-α, IL-6, ROS and LDH production. Since the permeation results showed that cream was the most favourable vehicle, FX-cream was elaborated. This formulation effectively ameliorated TPA-induced hyperplasia, by reducing skin edema, epidermal thickness, MPO activity and COX-2 expression. Moreover, FX-cream reduced UVB-induced erythema through down-regulation of COX-2 and iNOS as well as up-regulation of HO-1 protein via Nrf-2 pathway. In conclusion, FX, administered in a topical formulation, could be a novel natural adjuvant for preventing exacerbations associated with skin inflammatory pathologies as well as protecting skin against UV radiation

The role of birthplace and educational attainment on induced abortion inequalities

Background: Induced abortion (IA) has shown social inequality related to birthplace and education with higher rates of IAs in immigrant and in less educated women relative to their native and highly educated counterparts. This study examined the independent and joint effects of birthplace and education on IA, repeated and IA performed during the 2nd trimester of pregnancy among women residing in the Basque Country, Spain. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional population-based study of IA among women aged 25-49 years residing in the Basque Country, Spain, between 2011 and 2013. Log-binomial regression was used to quantify the independent and joint effects of birthplace and education attainment on all outcomes. Results: Immigrant women exhibited higher probability of having an IAs (PR: 5.31), a repeated (PR: 7.23) or a 2nd trimester IAs (PR: 4.07) than women born in Spain. We observed higher probabilities for all outcomes among women with a primary or less education relative to those with a graduate education (All IAs PR: 2.51; repeated PR: 6.00; 2nd trimester PR: 3.08). However, no significant heterogeneity was observed for the effect of education on the association of birthplace with IAs, repeated or 2nd trimester IAs. Conclusions: Birthplace and education are key factors to explain not only an IA decision but also having a repeated or a 2nd trimester IA. However, the effects of birthplace and education may be independent from each other on these outcomes. A better understanding of these factors on IAs is needed when designing programs for sexual and reproductive health aimed to reduce inequalities among women.This work was supported by the University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU [project EHU14/55] and Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness of Spain [project CSO22013-44886-R]

Perceived discrimination and self-rated health in the immigrant population of the Basque Country, Spain

Objective: To examine the effect of perceived discrimination and self-rated health among the immigrant population in the Basque Country, Spain, and determine whether this effect varies according to region of origin, age, sex and education. Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional study. The study population included immigrants aged 18 and older residing in the Basque Country. Data from the 2014 Foreign Immigrant Population Survey (n =3,456) were used. Log-binomial regression was used to quantify the association between perceived discrimination and self-rated health before and after checking for the selected characteristics. Results: Almost 1 in 10 immigrant adults reports perceiving discrimination. In adjusted analyses, the immigrants perceiving discrimination were almost were 1.92 more likely to rate their health as poor (prevalence ratio: 1.92; 95% CI: 1.44-2.56) than those who did not report discrimination. This association did not vary according to region of origin, age, sex or educational level. Conclusions: Perceived discrimination shows a consistent relationship with perceived health. Moreover, this association did not depend on the region of origin, age, sex or educational level of immigrants. These results show the need for implementing inclusive policies to eliminate individual and institutional discrimination and reduce health inequalities between the immigrant and native populations.This study was supported by the University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU (project EHU14/55]

Relationship of the Use of Short Footwear with the Development of Hallux Valgus in a Sample of Andalusian Schoolchildren

Background: Several studies have shown the relationship between poor footwear fit and the risk of feet deformities. The available evidence seems to show that the development of hallux valgus deformity in the feet of schoolchildren may be related to the use of shoes that are poorly fitting in length. The objective of this cross-sectional study was to analyze the relationship between poor footwear fit in length and risk of developing hallux valgus. Methods: Using an instrument that was designed and calibrated for this purpose, maximum foot length was obtained and compared to the inner length of the shoe in 187 schoolchildren. Hallux valgus angle (HVA) was measured on weight-bearing podogram image obtained from the longest foot in 188 schoolchildren. Results: By default, the footwear was poorly fitting in length (too short or close-fitting) in 38.5% of the schoolchildren, with boys having the worst footwear fit; though no significant differences stood out. (p = 0.276). Regarding the HVA, no significant differences were recorded according to age or gender (p = 0.573). A strong correlation was observed between too-short footwear and the increase in HVA in 10-year-old boys (r = 0.817; p = 0.025) and in 9-year-old girls (r = 0.705; p = 0.005). Conclusions: Inadequate footwear fit in length may be a predisposing extrinsic risk factor for the development of hallux valgus in schoolchildren of both sexes. Results of the present study demonstrate the need to adapt the sizes of footwear to the rapid increase in foot-length that occur at puberty to avoid the risk of developing hallux valgus, especially at the ages of onset pubertal foot growth

Enantioseparation of the constituents involved in the phenylalanine-tyrosine metabolic pathway by capillary electrophoresis tandem mass spectrometry

Catecholamines dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine are well-known neurotransmitters playing different roles in the nervous and endocrine system. These compounds are biologically synthesized in the phenylalanine-tyrosine pathway which consists on the successive conversion of L-phenylalanine into L-tyrosine, L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA), dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine. This work describes the development of an enantioselective CE-ESI-MS2 methodology enabling, for the first time, the simultaneous enantioseparation of all the constituents involved in the Phe-Tyr metabolic pathway, since all these compounds except dopamine are chiral. The developed method was based on the use of a dual CDs system formed by 180 mM of methyl-beta-CD and 40 mM of 2-hydroxypropy1-beta-CD dissolved in 2 M formic acid (pH 1.2) and presented the advantage of avoiding the use of any time-consuming labelling procedure. LODs ranged from 40 to 150 nM and the unequivocal identification of the compounds investigated was achieved through their MS2 spectra. The applicability of this methodology to the analysis of biological samples (rat plasma) was also demonstrated. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

The stellar content of giant H II regions in NGC 7714

This is an electronic version of an article published in The Astrophysical Journal. García-Vargas, M.L., González-Delgado, R.M., Pérez, E., Alloin, D., Díaz, A. and E. Terlevich. The stellar content of giant H II regions in NGC 7714. The Astrophysical Journal 478 (1997): 112-12