Network coevolution drives segregation and enhances Pareto optimal equilibrium selection in coordination games

In this work we assess the role played by the dynamical adaptation of the interactions network, among agents playing Coordination Games, in reaching global coordination and in the equilibrium selection. Specifically, we analyze a coevolution model that couples the changes in agents' actions with the network dynamics, so that while agents play the game, they are able to sever some of their current connections and connect with others. We focus on two update rules: Replicator Dynamics (RD) and Unconditional Imitation (UI). We investigate a Pure Coordination Game (PCG), in which choices are equivalent, and on a General Coordination Game (GCG), for which there is a risk-dominant action and a payoff-dominant one. The network plasticity is measured by the probability to rewire links. Changing this plasticity parameter, there is a transition from a regime in which the system fully coordinates in a single connected component to a regime in which the system fragments in two connected components, each one coordinated on a different action (either if both actions are equivalent or not). The nature of this fragmentation transition is different for different update rules. Second, we find that both for RD and UI in a GCG, there is a regime of intermediate values of plasticity, before the fragmentation transition, for which the system is able to fully coordinate in a single component network on the payoff-dominant action, i. e., coevolution enhances payoff-dominant equilibrium selection for both update rules.Comment: 13 pages, 8 figures, submitted to Scientific Report

Network coevolution drives segregation and enhances Pareto optimal equilibrium selection in coordination games

In this work we assess the role played by the dynamical adaptation of the interactions network, among agents playing Coordination Games, in reaching global coordination and in the equilibrium selection. Specifically, we analyze a coevolution model that couples the changes in agents’ actions with the network dynamics, so that while agents play the game, they are able to sever some of their current connections and connect with others. We focus on two action update rules: Replicator Dynamics (RD) and Unconditional Imitation (UI), and we define a coevolution rule in which, apart from action updates, with a certain rewiring probability p, agents unsatisfied with their current connections are able to eliminate a link and connect with a randomly chosen neighbor. We call this probability to rewire links the ‘network plasticity’. We investigate a Pure Coordination Game (PCG), in which choices are equivalent, and on a General Coordination Game (GCG), for which there is a risk-dominant action and a payoff-dominant one. Changing the plasticity parameter, there is a transition from a regime in which the system fully coordinates on a single connected component to a regime in which the system fragments in two connected components, each one coordinated on a different action (either if both actions are equivalent or not). The nature of this fragmentation transition is different for different update rules. Second, we find that both for RD and UI in a GCG, there is a regime of intermediate values of plasticity, before the fragmentation transition, for which the system is able to fully coordinate on a single component network on the payoff-dominant action, i.e., coevolution enhances payoff-dominant equilibrium selection for both update rules

Tensorial analisis of the superposed deformation in the easthern border of the Madrid basin

An analysis of Neogene brittle deformation using fault populatíon analysis methods has been carried out between the SW border of the Iberian Range and Altomira Range. Two main paleostress fields have been established: 1) N70E - N120E compression (Altomira paleostress field) ofLate Oligocene - Early Miocene age that induced the formation of the SW border of Iberian Range and Altomira - Pareja thrust belts with reverse and strike-slip faults. 2) N140-N160E compression (Guadarrama paleostress field) of Middle Aragonian - early Pleistocene age that reactivated previous faults with strikeslip movement along the Iberian Range. A superposition of two regional stress fields (Iberian and Guadarrama) is proposed to explain E-W compression that formed Altomira Range. Stress tensorial additions have been realized to check this hypothesis

Antimicrobial properties and release of cinnamaldehyde in bilayer films based on polylactic acid (PLA) and starch

[EN] Cinnamaldehyde (CIN) loaded amorphous PLA films were obtained by casting, using ethyl acetate as solvent. Likewise, bilayer films were obtained by thermocompression of the PLA active layer and compression moulded cassava starch (S) films or semi crystalline PLA films. Starch-PLA laminated materials were considered to improve the barrier capacity (high oxygen barrier through the starch layer and high water vapour capacity through the polyester layer), while CIN incorporation confers antimicrobial activity on the films. The PLA bilayers were obtained for comparison purposes. The antimicrobial activity of the CIN loaded PLA films and S bilayer films was proved against Escherichia coli and Listeria Innocua through in vitro tests, which indicates that the active amount released into the growth medium exceeded the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of both bacteria. The release kinetics of the active compound in different food simulants demonstrated that a part of CIN was tightly bonded to the PLA matrix, whereas the free compound diffused more easily through the starch layer, making S bilayers more active against the bacteria when the starch layer was in direct contact with the culture medium. CIN entrapped in PLA bilayers did not exhibited any antibacterial effect due to its release inhibition, associated to its bonding within the PLA matrix and the lower degree of relaxation in the semi crystalline PLA layer in contact with the food simulants.The authors thank the Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad (Spain) for the financial support provided through Project AGL2013-42989-R and AGL2016-76699-R. Author Justine Muller thanks the Generalitat Valenciana for the Santiago Grisolia Grant (GRISOLIA/2014/003).Muller, J.; Casado Quesada, A.; González Martínez, MC.; Chiralt, A. (2017). Antimicrobial properties and release of cinnamaldehyde in bilayer films based on polylactic acid (PLA) and starch. European Polymer Journal. 96:316-325. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2017.09.009S3163259

Kinematic and dynamic array of the alpine deformations in alto Tajo area (Guadalajara)

The geological macrostructure of Alto Tajo is defined by several N1500E dextral strike-slip faults with related secundary structures. The former set of faults together with others N-S sinistral strike-slip faults delimited areas in transtension and transpession. Four tectonic phases have been detected by means of microstructural analysis: N600E compression; N1500E compression (the main deformation phase). N-S compression, without important structures asociated and a last episode of radial extension.Depto. de Geodinámica, Estratigrafía y PaleontologíaFac. de Ciencias GeológicasFALSEpu

The influence of running wide on the bend on finishing times and positions in men's and women's 800 m finals at major global championships

The aim of this study was to determine the influence of running wide on bends regarding intermediate changes of position, dispersion of athletes, and speed relative to season best (SB) between medalists and non-medalists in men’s and women’s 800 m championship finals. Extra distance covered on bends was measured using official videos. The total distance run was calculated and described as the minimum calculable distance. Theoretical mean speeds, theoretical finishing times and theoretical finishing positions were calculated. In addition, intermediate and total changes of position (on bends and straights) and dispersion between athletes in each 100-m segment were calculated. Finishing times and segment times were calculated relative to SB. Theoretical finishing times were faster than official finishing times (p<.001). Finishing positions were influenced by extra distance covered. Medalists displayed a higher number of positive changes of intermediate positions than non-medalists (p<.001), occurring mainly on the straights (p=.003) and were greatest between 500 and 600 m (p=.003), without differences between groups in total extra distance and in extra distance covered on each bend. Medalists displayed higher total speeds relative to SB (p=.042) and over the 500-600 m segment onwards (p<.05), increasing the dispersion from this segment onwards (p<.001). These findings indicate that running the shortest distance on the bends and being able to accelerate during the last 300 m of the race positively influence finishing position in major championships 800 m finals

Characterization of plasmid-mediated beta-lactamases in fecal colonizing patients in the hospital and community setting in Spain

Aim: Active surveillance of plasmid-mediated ß-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (PMBL-E) in fecal carriers in the hospital and in the community setting in a non-outbreak period of time. Methods: Patients were screened for carriage of Enterobacteriaceae resistant to expanded-spectrum cephalosporins and PMBL-E were characterized (extended-spectrum-ß-lactamase [ESBL], plasmid-mediated AmpC ß-lactamase [pAmpC], and carbapenemases) by PCR and sequencing. Results: The prevalence of ESBL and pAmpC carriers was 5.06% and 0.59%, respectively. Overall, CTX-M-like enzymes were the ESBL dominate enzymes (96.15%). The group CTX-M-9 was the most prevalent (81, 54%) [CTX-M-14 (74, 91.35%), CTX-M-9 (5, 6.17%), CTX-M-24 (1, 1.23%), and CTX-M-27 (1, 1.23%)] followed by the group CTX-M-1 (64, 42.67%) [CTX-M-15 (42, 65.63%), CTX-M-1 (13, 20.31%), CTX-M-32 (8, 12.5%), and CTX-M-3 (1, 1.56%)]. One CTX-M-10, one CTX-M-59, and three CTX-M-8 were also found. A very small representation of SHV or TEM ESBL enzymes was found (3.2% and 0.64%, respectively). pAmpC characterization revealed a predominance of CMY-2 (81.25%), followed by DHA-1 (18.75%). We did not detect the presence of carbapenemase producers. Conclusions: The prevalence of ESBL-producers from fecal carriers is stable in our area, but colonization by pAmpC producers has emerged recently as we have confirmed. Periodic active surveillance is useful to identify these human reservoirs and control the evolution of PMBL carriage in a community over time