Teacher education by volunteering in learning communities

El trabajo presentado forma parte del proyecto I+D+I “Ecologías del aprendizaje en contextos múltiples: análisis de proyectos de educación expandida y conformación de ciudadanía” financiado por MIMECO, España.El artículo presenta parte de los resultados de investigación sobre el trabajo del voluntariado en centros educativos que son comunidades de aprendizaje como una forma de avanzar en procesos de formación docente diferentes a los vigentes.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de la Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Análisis de la mortalidad en pacientes con fracturas subcapitales de cadera

El objetivo del presente trabajo es realizar un estudio analítico restrospectivo de la mortalidad de una serie de 528 fracturas subcapitales de cadera en 523 pacientes tratados en nuestro centro mediante prótesis cérvico-cefálica cementada durante el periodo de 1978-1986. De estos 523 pacientes, 190 (36%) habían fallecido en el momento de realizar el estudio. Hemos analizado la mortalidad hospitalaria, 47 casos (9%) y 6 meses después de la intervención, 104 (20%). Se han demostrado como factores de alto riesgo: edad superior a 85 años, presentar tres o más enfermedades asociadas, complicaciones generales en el postoperatorio (escaras, tromboembolismo pulmonar, infarto agudo de miocardio, neumonía, etc.) complicaciones locales como la luxación de la prótesis y finalmente, una demora en la intervención superior a 6 días.We report a retrospective study analyzing the mortality of 528 femoral neck fractures in 523 patients treated with Thompson or Cathcart prosthesis during the period 1978-1986. The hospital mortality was 9% (47 cases) and 20% (104 cases) the mortality and six-months after surgery. High risk factors, were found to be: age more than 85 years-old, three o more preoperative illness, postoperative general complications (Pulmonar tromboembolism, Acute myocardial infarction, sores, pneumonia), dislocation of the prosthesis and a more than 6 days delay surgery

Determinantes de la inversión en la agricultura mexicana

En las últimas décadas la economía mexicana ha sido escenario de profundos cambios en materia de liberación comercial y orientación de política económica. En este auge de reformas de política, el sector agropecuario no ha estado ajeno ha dicho proceso. El sector agropecuario mexicano ha experimentado un proceso de cambio y ajuste estructural que está interrelacionado a las nuevas condiciones del entorno nacional e internacional. Por ejemplo, durante el gobierno de Miguel de la Madrid las políticas estatales transitaron de una fuerte perspectiva de intervención a la liberalización comercial. Ya con el presidente Salinas estás medidas de política se profundizaron extendiéndose al sector agropecuario. Es a partir de entonces que la liberalización ha sido el marco dentro del cual se aplican las políticas públicas al agro mexicano.pobreza, México, economías rurales, Latín América, agricultura, inversión

TOLUCA. LA CIUDADA DEL ALFEÑIQUE: LA FERIA COMO PATRIMONIO CULTURAL INMATERIAL

EL PRESENTE TRABAJO DE INVESTIGACIÓN SE SUSTENTA EN LA LÍNEA ACADÉMICA QUE ABORDA EL TEMA DEL PATRIMONIO CULTURAL COMO UN BIEN SOCIAL DE AMPLIO POTENCIAL COHESIONADOR E IDENTITARIO. INICIA CON LA INQUIETUD POR INDAGAR LAS RELACIONES SOCIALES Y SIMBÓLICAS DE ESE ELEMENTO CARACTERÍSTICO DE LA CAPITAL MEXIQUENSE, QUE LE HAN PERMITIDO REPRODUCIRSE ANUALMENTE HASTA LA ACTUALIDAD. LA FERIA DEL ALFEÑIQUE SE MANIFIESTA COMO UN EVENTO TRADICIONAL, CÍCLICO, FESTIVO Y SENSITIVO QUE CONMEMORA Y RECUERDA EL DÍA DE MUERTOS, SOLEMNIDAD REALIZADA DURANTE EL 1 Y 2 DE NOVIEMBRE

Humaria setimarginata (Pyronemataceae, Ascomycota), una nueva especie de México

Background and Aims: Humaria (Pyronemataceae, Ascomycota) is an ectomycorrhizal genus of fungi, mainly distributed in temperate forest. It is characterized by cupuliform to discoid apothecia that are covered with abundant hairs throughout the exterior of the brown ascomata, and by ellipsoid, hyaline, warty ascospores. There are 66 accepted species of which only one has been recorded in Mexico. The present study aims to describe a new species of Humaria with morphological, ecological and molecular data, found in Quercus forests from Tamaulipas, Mexico. Methods: The specimens were collected in 2019 in the Victoria municipality, Tamaulipas, Mexico. Description and morphological studies were performed according to traditional mycological techniques. Studied material was deposited in the José Castillo Tovar Mycological Herbarium of the Instituto Tecnológico de Ciudad Victoria (ITCV) and the Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas Herbarium (ENCB) of the Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Phylogenetic analyses were performed using ITS and LSU sequences of the nuclear rDNA. Key results: Humaria setimarginata sp. nov. is described and illustrated. This species is well differentiated by its morphological, molecular and ecological characteristics. It forms typically cupuliform apothecia with straight margin, abundant dark brown colored short hairs at the margin, and a greyish-white hymenium. It presents a dextrinoid reaction in the ectal excipulum in contact with Melzer´s reagent. It grows around Quercus rysophylla and Q. polymorpha in oak forests. Conclusions: Humaria setimarginata is the second species of this genus reported in Mexico, after Humaria hemisphaerica. There are several collections under the name Humaria sp. that need a revision, to expand the diversity knowledge of this genus in this country. It is possible that several species exist, considering that this genus is ectomycorrhizal and the diversity of its potential hosts is high.Antecedentes y Objetivos: Humaria (Pyronemataceae, Ascomycota) es un género de hongos ectomicorrízicos, distribuidos generalmente en bosques templados. Se caracteriza por apotecios cupuliformes a discoides que están cubiertos con abundantes pelos en todo el exterior de los ascomas marrones, y por ascosporas elipsoides, hialinas y verrucosas. Son 66 especies aceptadas de las cuales solo una ha sido registrada en México. El presente estudio tiene como objetivo describir una nueva especie de Humaria, con datos morfológicos, ecológicos y moleculares, encontrada en el bosque de Quercus de Tamaulipas, México. Métodos: Los ejemplares fueron recolectados en 2019 en el municipio Victoria, Tamaulipas, México. La descripción y los estudios morfológicos se realizaron según las técnicas micológicas tradicionales. El material estudiado fue depositado en el Herbario Micológico José Castillo Tovar del Instituto Tecnológico de Ciudad Victoria (ITCV) y en el Herbario de la Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas (ENCB) del Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Los análisis filogenéticos se realizaron utilizando secuencias ITS y LSU del ADNr nuclear. Resultados clave: Humaria setimarginata sp. nov. se describe e ilustra. Esta especie se diferencia bien por características morfológicas, moleculares y ecológicas. Forma un apotecio típicamente cupuliforme, con margen recto, abundantes pelos cortos color marrón oscuro en el margen y un himenio blanco grisáceo. Presenta una reacción dextrinoide en el excípulo ectal en contacto con el reactivo Melzer. Crece alrededor de Quercus rysophylla y Q. polymorpha en bosques de encino. Conclusiones: Humaria setimarginata es la segunda especie de este género que se reporta para México, después de Humaria hemisphaerica. Hay varias colecciones bajo el nombre de Humaria sp. que necesitan una revisión, para ampliar el conocimiento de la diversidad de este género en el país. Es posible que existan varias especies, considerando que este género es ectomicorrícico y la diversidad de sus hospedantes potenciales es alta

Effect of inulin and probiotic bacteria on growth, survival, immune response, and prevalence of white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) in Litopenaeus vannamei cultured under laboratory conditions

The effect of inulin and probiotic bacteria on the growth, survival, immune response and viral prevalence of white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) in white shrimp was evaluated. Presumptive bacilli and lactic acid bacteria (LAB) were characterized for hemolytic and enzymatic activity, hydrophobicity and antagonism against Vibrio. Selected isolates (Bacilli and LAB) were included in the diet of juvenile shrimp. Two bioassays were conducted with treatments by triplicate (10 shrimp per replicate) with inulin and inulin and bacteria. Fourteen LAB and six bacilli isolates had potential as probiotics. Survival and growth was not affected by the addition of the inulin and bacteria to diet. Inulin and bacteria improved immunity in cultured shrimp. Also, these feed additives reduced the prevalence of WSSV in cultured shrimp.Keywords: Probiotics, prebiotics, white spot syndrome virus (WSSV), immune system, Litopenaeus vannameiAfrican Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 12(21), pp. 3366-337

Necrosis avascular secundaria al tratamiento de la luxación congénita de cadera: relación entre factores terapéuticos y secuelas radiológicas

Se presentan 108 casos de Luxación Congénita de Cadera (LCC) unilateral tratados con la misma metódica terapéutica: tracción más reducción abierta o cerrada dependiendo de los hallazgos artrográficos. Tras un seguimiento medio de 7 años (Rango: 5-13), 5 (5%) tenían una coxa magna, 14 (13%) mostraban disminución de la altura epifisaria, 22 (20%) tenían una coxa magna con disminución de la altura epifisaria 10 (9%) presentaban lesión fisaria residual. El análisis estadístico demostró asociación significativa (p<0,05 ) entre el desarrollo de coxa magna con disminución de la altura epifisaria y la ausencia de descenso cefálico al terminar la tracción, así como con la reducción abierta. La lesión fisaria residual, se encontró asociada significativamente a LCC Tipo IV de Tönnis, caderas que estuvieron más de 5 semanas en tracción, fallo en el descenso cefálico al finalizar la tracción y reducción abierta. En conclusión, se recomienda la tracción preoperatoria «efectiva», que desciende la cabeza femoral a nivel del cotilo, para disminuir las alteraciones radiológicas finales, secuelas de necrosis avascular.A total of 108 patients with unilateral congenital dislocation of the hip treated by the same therapeutic approach, are reviewed. The protocol for treatment consisted in traction and open or closed reduction, depending of the arthrographic findings. After 7-year follow-up (range, 5-13), 5 (5%) had coxa magna, 14 (13%) showed a decrease in epiphyseal height, 22 (20%) exhibited both coxa magna and decreased epiphyseal height, and 10 (9%) showed physeal damage. The statistical analysis revealed a significant relationship (p < 0,05) between the development of coxa magna with decreased epiphyseal height and both an absence of femoral head descent after traction and an open reduction of the hip. Physeal damage was found to be associated to Tönnis type-IV congenital dislocation, to hips undergoing more than 5 weeks traction, to failed cephalic descent following traction and an open reduction procedure. In conclusion, a effective preoperative hip traction allowing an appropriate descent of the femoral head to the acetabulum is recommended in order to prevent radiological alterations induced by avascular necrosis

University School Involvement and Educational Transformation. Another Teacher Education for Another School.

Teacher training in Spain suffers from a technocratic approach that segregates theory and practice, in a hierarchical relationship. It assumes that it is necessary to have a previous theoretical framework in order to apply it in teaching practice. Students must take a minimum of 1 or 2 years of theoretical content, before doing internships in a school. These internships, in turn, are structured and respond to the academic demands of the University's teaching staff. In this way, future teachers live an artificial experience of what the teaching profession is. Thus raised, it becomes very difficult for there to be a change in the narrative of the profession that allows them to adopt a transforming role of the school. Rather, they are forced to reproduce practices, traditions and strategies lived in his transit through the school as a student, as has already been widely documented in the literature (Rivas, et al., 2015, 2017, 2020; Zeichner, 2010; Jagla, et al., 2013; Hargreaves y O´Connor, 2020; De Sousa Santos, 2007; González y Arias, 2017; Bhabha, 1990). The teacher education proposal that we have been developing for more than 15 years, in the subjects in which we teach, tries to subvert this epistemological order, through a school-university collaboration project. The aim is to create a new training space in which both institutions collaborate in a joint education proposal, in which each one contributes a dimension: a space for experience and a space for reflection. The objective is to blur the boundaries between theory and practice that allows students to build a professional perspective more committed to change and educational transformation. The students spend part of their course time collaborating with relevant educational projects in a school and alternatively attend classes at the university to rebuild their experience in these schools through a process of collaborative reflection (Leite et al., 2018; Márquez, et al., 2020, 2022; Fernández, et.al.,2019 )Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Impacts of a hydroinfiltrator rainwater harvesting system on soil moisture regime and groundwater distribution for olive groves in semi-arid Mediterranean regions

Dry periods in semi-arid regions constitute one of the greatest hazardous features that agriculture faces. This study investigates the effects of using a new device called ‘Hydroinfiltrator Rainwater Harvesting System (HRHS) on the water balance of soils. It was designed for arid and semi-arid zones affected by long periods of drought punctuated by heavy rainstorms. The new hydroinfiltrator consists of a net-like shell filled mainly with biochar. It is cylindrical in shape, is placed vertically and is half-buried in the soil around the crop tree to facilitate the infiltration of rainwater, irrigation or runoff water deep into the soil. The experimental plot is located in Baena (Córdoba, southern Spain) in an olive grove where the hydroinfiltrator was installed in 90 olive trees while 10 were left as a control group. In the xeric climate (bordering on arid), typical of the region, soils without a hydroinfiltrator have had a low infiltration rate, which reduces the effectiveness of precipitation and significantly increases the risk of water erosion. The effects of infiltration assisted by the device were analysed by simulating a torrential rain in which 600 L of water were passed through the hydroinfiltrator on an olive tree which had been installed 3 years previously. Geophysical methods (electrical resistivity tomography, ERT), direct analyses of soil samples, both in situ and in the laboratory, and theoretical flow models indicated a very significant increase in soil moisture (which nearly tripled in respect to the control group) because water was absorbed into the soil quickly, preventing runoff and water erosion. The soil moisture at 20 cm depth was 2.97 times higher with the HRHS than in the control plots. In addition, olive production increased by 211% and was higher in fat yield by 177%. Moreover, the resistivity profiles, taken by ERT showed that the water that entered the soil accumulated in the root zone of the olive tree, encouraged by the preferential pathways created by the roots and away from the surface, which prevented rapid evaporation during the high temperatures of spring and summer. Here we show for the first time that the use of the hydroinfiltrator rainwater harvesting system represents a significant improvement in the use of scarce water resources caused by climate change, providing agronomic and environmental benefits for rainfed, Mediterranean agricultural systems