Analyzing the determinant characteristics for a good performance at enade brazilian exam stratified by teaching modality: face-to-face versus online

The National Student Performance Exam (ENADE) annually evaluates different Brazilian higher education courses. This exam considers both face-to-face and distance learning courses. Distance learning is growing increasingly, especially during the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. This study applies different techniques for selecting ENADE 2018 database characteristics, like information gain, gain rate, symmetric uncertainty, Pearson correlation, and relief F. The objective of the work is to discover which personal and socioeconomic characteristics are decisive for the student's performance at ENADE, whether the student is in the context of Distance Education or face-to-face. It can be concluded, among other results, that: the father's level of education directly influences performance; the higher the income, the better the performance; and white students have better performance than black and brown-skinned ones. Thus, the results obtained in this study may initiate analyzes of public policies towards improving performance at ENADE.This study was supported by CNPq (305805/2021-5) and PNPD/CAPES (464880/2019-00)

Large Scale Cross-Correlations in Internet Traffic

The Internet is a complex network of interconnected routers and the existence of collective behavior such as congestion suggests that the correlations between different connections play a crucial role. It is thus critical to measure and quantify these correlations. We use methods of random matrix theory (RMT) to analyze the cross-correlation matrix C of information flow changes of 650 connections between 26 routers of the French scientific network `Renater'. We find that C has the universal properties of the Gaussian orthogonal ensemble of random matrices: The distribution of eigenvalues--up to a rescaling which exhibits a typical correlation time of the order 10 minutes--and the spacing distribution follow the predictions of RMT. There are some deviations for large eigenvalues which contain network-specific information and which identify genuine correlations between connections. The study of the most correlated connections reveals the existence of `active centers' which are exchanging information with a large number of routers thereby inducing correlations between the corresponding connections. These strong correlations could be a reason for the observed self-similarity in the WWW traffic.Comment: 7 pages, 6 figures, final versio

A local search for the Job-shop Scheduling Problem with Constraint Programming

International audienc

Planetary boundaries, territorial planning tools and resilience : Case study on South-Loire’s territorial planning scheme (France)

International audiencePlanetary boundaries (PB) provides a good framework for understanding and awareness-raising of ecological issues on a global scale. Taking note that local decisions generate the environmental impacts and pressures that contribute to crossing PBs, there are some research and operational issues in downscaling the « PB thinking » to local decision-making levels. What approach could be used to assess the “resilience” to which territorial planning scheme (TPS) contribute in front of exceeding PBs? A case study on a South-Loire (France)’s TPS is presented. A qualitative analysis of the mechanisms and interactions was carried out from two perspectives: (1) the PBs’ threshold crossing effects on the South-Loire territory (risks), and (2) the projected effects of the TPS on the PBs (impacts and pressures). The action plans were qualitatively assessed in terms of their (direct or indirect) influence on the PBs with a DPSIR-type method. In parallel, the action plans are assigned to different resilience criteria. Around 42% of the action intentions do not explicitly address the PBs. Almost 30% directly target Climate change and 15% the Land use change PB. Beyond this explicit reading, the description of the implicit effects allows us to reveal causal links (positive or negative) to other PBs. We then show how action plans aimed at either absorptive resilience, adaptive resilience or, more rarely, transformative resilience. A new systemic cross-reading grid and a qualitative diagnosis are thus proposed to assess territorial planning tools in the light of planetary boundaries and different kinds of “resilience”

Planetary boundaries, territorial planning tools and resilience : Case study on South-Loire’s territorial planning scheme (France)

International audiencePlanetary boundaries (PB) provides a good framework for understanding and awareness-raising of ecological issues on a global scale. Taking note that local decisions generate the environmental impacts and pressures that contribute to crossing PBs, there are some research and operational issues in downscaling the « PB thinking » to local decision-making levels. What approach could be used to assess the “resilience” to which territorial planning scheme (TPS) contribute in front of exceeding PBs? A case study on a South-Loire (France)’s TPS is presented. A qualitative analysis of the mechanisms and interactions was carried out from two perspectives: (1) the PBs’ threshold crossing effects on the South-Loire territory (risks), and (2) the projected effects of the TPS on the PBs (impacts and pressures). The action plans were qualitatively assessed in terms of their (direct or indirect) influence on the PBs with a DPSIR-type method. In parallel, the action plans are assigned to different resilience criteria. Around 42% of the action intentions do not explicitly address the PBs. Almost 30% directly target Climate change and 15% the Land use change PB. Beyond this explicit reading, the description of the implicit effects allows us to reveal causal links (positive or negative) to other PBs. We then show how action plans aimed at either absorptive resilience, adaptive resilience or, more rarely, transformative resilience. A new systemic cross-reading grid and a qualitative diagnosis are thus proposed to assess territorial planning tools in the light of planetary boundaries and different kinds of “resilience”

Planetary boundaries, territorial planning tools and resilience : Case study on South-Loire’s territorial planning scheme (France)

International audiencePlanetary boundaries (PB) provides a good framework for understanding and awareness-raising of ecological issues on a global scale. Taking note that local decisions generate the environmental impacts and pressures that contribute to crossing PBs, there are some research and operational issues in downscaling the « PB thinking » to local decision-making levels. What approach could be used to assess the “resilience” to which territorial planning scheme (TPS) contribute in front of exceeding PBs? A case study on a South-Loire (France)’s TPS is presented. A qualitative analysis of the mechanisms and interactions was carried out from two perspectives: (1) the PBs’ threshold crossing effects on the South-Loire territory (risks), and (2) the projected effects of the TPS on the PBs (impacts and pressures). The action plans were qualitatively assessed in terms of their (direct or indirect) influence on the PBs with a DPSIR-type method. In parallel, the action plans are assigned to different resilience criteria. Around 42% of the action intentions do not explicitly address the PBs. Almost 30% directly target Climate change and 15% the Land use change PB. Beyond this explicit reading, the description of the implicit effects allows us to reveal causal links (positive or negative) to other PBs. We then show how action plans aimed at either absorptive resilience, adaptive resilience or, more rarely, transformative resilience. A new systemic cross-reading grid and a qualitative diagnosis are thus proposed to assess territorial planning tools in the light of planetary boundaries and different kinds of “resilience”

Efficient Constraint Programming Approaches for routing problem: a case study for the VRP

International audienceNumerous routing or scheduling problems encompass a lot of constraints including due date, time windows, precedence constraints or disjunctive constraints. Exact resolution based on linear formulation or heuristic based approaches should expect difficulties in finding a simple feasible solution. Strongly constraints optimization problems To face this challenge, some approaches based on constraint programming are of great interest taking advantages of the great number of constraints to satisfy and providing one solution in short computation first and capable of investagating new best solution in the neighborhood of one initial solution. In numerous problems conversions of well-know mixed integer programming (MILP) formulation to CP, lead to poor CP performances. Well-known custom-made CP formulation are required to obtain CP formulation of interest. The generality of the CP approach and its efficiency is demonstrated to a VRP where the MILP formulation conversion lead to a 150s resolution time and the well-known custom-made CP formulation provide a resolution in 0.8s. The generic appaoch for solving combinatorial otpimization problem with a CP paradigm is based on global constraints, enumeration technics, propagating technics ... to facilitate strong reduction of domain and a proper exploration of the search tree

Planetary boundaries, territorial planning tools and resilience : Case study on South-Loire’s territorial planning scheme (France)

International audiencePlanetary boundaries (PB) provides a good framework for understanding and awareness-raising of ecological issues on a global scale. Taking note that local decisions generate the environmental impacts and pressures that contribute to crossing PBs, there are some research and operational issues in downscaling the « PB thinking » to local decision-making levels. What approach could be used to assess the “resilience” to which territorial planning scheme (TPS) contribute in front of exceeding PBs? A case study on a South-Loire (France)’s TPS is presented. A qualitative analysis of the mechanisms and interactions was carried out from two perspectives: (1) the PBs’ threshold crossing effects on the South-Loire territory (risks), and (2) the projected effects of the TPS on the PBs (impacts and pressures). The action plans were qualitatively assessed in terms of their (direct or indirect) influence on the PBs with a DPSIR-type method. In parallel, the action plans are assigned to different resilience criteria. Around 42% of the action intentions do not explicitly address the PBs. Almost 30% directly target Climate change and 15% the Land use change PB. Beyond this explicit reading, the description of the implicit effects allows us to reveal causal links (positive or negative) to other PBs. We then show how action plans aimed at either absorptive resilience, adaptive resilience or, more rarely, transformative resilience. A new systemic cross-reading grid and a qualitative diagnosis are thus proposed to assess territorial planning tools in the light of planetary boundaries and different kinds of “resilience”

Programmation Par Contraintes : démarches de modélisation pour des problèmes d'optimisation

International audienceCet ouvrage est un véritable guide de bonnes pratiques en Programmation par contraintes (PPC). Il développe un ensemble de démarches permettant de proposer des modèles efficaces pour des problèmes d'optimisation complexes.Les outils et les raisonnements présentés dans le livre s’adressent à un vaste public, d’ingénieurs de chercheurs et d’étudiants.Les exemples variés analysés sont essentiellement des problèmes d’optimisation de type ordonnancement / transport réalisés avec le solveur Choco. Sont présentées pour chacun une modélisation mathématique et une modélisation PPC. Les codes proposés, et disponibles en téléchargement, ont été réalisés en Java avec l'environnement NetBeans

De la programmation linéaire à la programmation par contraintes

National audienceÀ destination des ingénieurs, chercheurs et étudiants formés en programmation linéaire, cet ouvrage est un guide pragmatique pour découvrir la programmation par contraintes. Au cours des chapitres, il aborde de nombreux exemples répondant à des problèmes d'optimisation de type ordonnancement/transports:- Résolus avec Choco, proposés dans un code informatique en Java effectué avec NetBeans;- Résolus avec CPLEX, proposés dans un code informatique en C++ effectué avec Visual Studio.Sans aborder la partie théorique, cet ouvrage est une approche pratique pour se familiariser avec la programmation par contraintes