Etiology of bacterial leaf blight of eucalyptus in Brazil.

Bacterial leaf blight of eucalyptus is initially characterized by water soaked, angular, amphigenous and interveinal lesions, concentrated along the main vein, at the edges or scattered on the leaf blade. As the disease progresses, the lesions become brown to pale, and when young leaves are infected leaf cut areas at the edges or perforations at the center of the lesions may appear due to abortion of the necrotic area. Eventually, necrosis may be found on petiole and twigs. Leaf fall commonly occurs on highly susceptible genotypes due to the early senescence of diseased leaves. Precise diagnosis is accomplished by bacterial exudation from leaf sections placed in a water drop under light microscope (200 x). Twenty-five bacterial isolates from Amapá (2), Bahia (4), Minas Gerais (2), São Paulo (9), Pará (3), Mato Grosso do Sul (1), and Rio Grande do Sul (4) States, which induced hypersensitive reaction (HR) in non-host plants and were pathogenic to eucalyptus, when inoculated by inoculum injection, were identified by biochemical assays, using carbon sources (MicroLogTM BIOLOG) and sequence analysis (16S rDNA). Ten isolates were identified as Xanthomonas axonopodis, four as X. campestris, four as Pseudomonas syringae, two as P. putida, two as P. cichorii, one as Erwinia sp., and two were similar to bacterial genera of Rhizobiaceae. When spray inoculated on intact plants of eucalyptus, only X. axonopodis, P. cichorii and isolates of the Rhizobiaceae family induced typical symptoms of the disease and were considered pathogenic. In Brazil, X. axonopodis seems to be the most widespread species causing the bacterial leaf blight of Eucalyptus spp

Towards the characterization of individual users through Web analytics

We perform an analysis of the way individual users navigate in the Web. We focus primarily in the temporal patterns of they return to a given page. The return probability as a function of time as well as the distribution of time intervals between consecutive visits are measured and found to be independent of the level of activity of single users. The results indicate a rich variety of individual behaviors and seem to preclude the possibility of defining a characteristic frequency for each user in his/her visits to a single site.Comment: 8 pages, 4 figures. To appear in Proceeding of Complex'0

Seasonal shifts in isoprenoid emission composition from three hyperdominant tree species in central Amazonia

Volatile isoprenoids regulate plant performance and atmospheric processes, and Amazon forests comprise the dominant source to the global atmosphere. Still, there is a poor understanding of how isoprenoid emission capacities vary in response to ecophysiological and environmental controls in Amazonian ecosystems. We measured isoprenoid emission capacities of three Amazonian hyperdominant tree species – Protium hebetatum, Eschweilera grandiflora, Eschweilera coriacea – across seasons and along a topographic and edaphic environmental gradient in the central Amazon. From wet to dry season, both photosynthesis and isoprene emission capacities strongly declined, while emissions increased among the heavier isoprenoids: monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes. Plasticity across habitats was most evident in P. hebetatum, which emitted sesquiterpenes only in the dry season, at rates that significantly increased along the hydro-topographic gradient from white sands (shallow root water access) to uplands (deep water table). We suggest that emission composition shifts are part of a plastic response to increasing abiotic stress (e.g. heat and drought) and reduced photosynthetic supply of substrates for isoprenoid synthesis. Our comprehensive measurements suggest that more emphasis should be placed on other isoprenoids, besides isoprene, in the context of abiotic stress responses. Shifting emission compositions have implications for atmospheric responses because of the strong variation in reactivity among isoprenoid compounds

Mycobiota and mycotoxins in Brazil nut samples from different states of the Brazilian Amazon region

The objective of this study was to evaluate the presence of fungi and mycotoxins (aflatoxins and cyclopiazonic acid) in Brazil nut samples collected in different states of the Brazilian Amazon region: Acre, Amazonas, Amapa, and Para. A total of 200 husk samples and 200 almond samples were inoculated onto Aspergillus flavus-parasiticus agar for the detection of fungi. Mycotoxins were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography. The mycobiota comprised the following fungi, in decreasing order of frequency: almonds - Phialemonium spp. (54%), Penicillium spp. (16%), Fusarium spp. (13%), Phaeoacremonium spp. (11%), and Aspergillus spp. (4%), husks - Phialemonium spp. (62%), Phaeoacremonium spp. (11%), Penicillium spp. (10%), Fusarium spp. (9%), and Aspergillus spp. A polyphasic approach was used for identification of Aspergillus species. Aflatoxins were detected in 22 (11%) of the 200 almond samples, with 21 samples presenting aflatoxin B-1 levels above 8 mu g/kg, the limit established by the European Commission for Brazil nuts for further processing. Nineteen (9.5%) of the 200 husk samples contained aflatoxins, but at levels lower than those seen in almonds. Cyclopiazonic acid (CPA) was detected in 44 (22%) almond samples, with levels ranging from 98.65 to 1612 mu g/kg. Aspergillus nomius and A. flavus were the most frequent Aspergillus species. The presence of fungi does not necessarily imply mycotoxin contamination, but almonds of the Brazil nut seem to be a good substrate for fungal growth. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq

Adaptabilidade e estabilidade de genótipos de girassol.

O estudo de adaptabilidade e estabilidade favorece a identificação de genótipos de comportamento previsível e que sejam responsivos às variações ambientais. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a adaptabilidade e a estabilidade de genótipos de girassol, quanto a rendimento de grão e de óleo, entre 2006 e 2007 nas regiões sul e sudeste do Brasil. Foram usados os dados obtidos da Rede de Ensaios de Avaliação de Genótipos de Girassol, coordenada pela Embrapa Soja e conduzida por instituições públicas e privadas nas safras 2006/2007 e 2007/2008. Os ensaios foram conduzidos em delineamento experimental de blocos completos ao acaso, com quatro repetições. Foram avaliados 18 genótipos em 14 ambientes. Nas análises de rendimentos de grãos, o híbrido M 734 teve indicação geral e para ambientes favoráveis, e HLE04 foi indicado para os ambientes desfavoráveis

Parâmetros genéticos e seleção inicial de procedências e progênies de taxi-branco (Tachigali vulgaris) em Roraima.

Este trabalho teve como objetivos estimar parâmetros genéticos de procedências e progênies de polinização livre de taxi-branco e selecionar genótipos superiores quanto ao crescimento inicial em campo. O experimento foi instalado em 2015, no Campo experimental Serra da Prata, pertencente à Embrapa Roraima e localizado no Município de Mucajaí - RR. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi em blocos ao acaso, com 28 progênies provenientes de três procedências e 20 repetições, sendo cada parcela experimental constituída por uma planta. Foram avaliados aos 6, 12 e 18 meses após o plantio, a porcentagem de sobrevivência, a altura da planta (ALT) e o diâmetro do caule a 10 cm do solo (DC) ou o diâmetro à altura do peito (DAP). As análises genético-estatísticas foram realizadas por meio do procedimento REML/BLUP, com análise de deviance, obtenção das estimativas dos parâmetros genéticos e predição dos valores genéticos nas diferentes idades. A sobrevivência geral variou de 50,68% a 62,10% aos 18 e aos 6 meses, respectivamente. As únicas diferenças significativas observadas foram entre progênies, para ALT e DC, aos seis meses. Com exceção do DAP avaliado aos 18 meses, as demais estimativas de herdabilidade em nível individual no sentido restrito foram moderadas, sendo estas inferiores às estimativas da herdabilidade da média de progênies. Os ganhos com a seleção de progênies e indivíduos foram de baixos a moderados e variaram entre as idades avaliadas, sendo decrescentes com o aumento da idade das planta

Nematoides do gênero Meloidogyne em Arachis spp. no Acre.

O objetivo deste trabalho é relatar as informações técnico-científicas obtidas até o momento sobre o patossistema Meloydogyne javanica Chitwood x Arachis spp. para contribuir com as análises de estratégias a serem adotadas no melhoramento genético e outras ações e projetos decorrentes das descobertas realizadas.bitstream/item/137063/1/25854.pd

Analysis of the Performance of a Standardized Method for the Polishing of Methacrylic Resins

Adhesion of micro-organisms to resin surface may be caused by inadequate polishing. Most of the studies published in literature are relative to manually prepared samples and do not take into account that test repeatability is not guaranteed a priori since skills may change from one operator to another and the quality of the work done by the same expert operator may depend on “human” factors such as the level of attention, wrist trembling, etc