Formes alternatives d’exercice de la parentalité: paternité et maternité en contexte carcéral

Explorando o carácter genderizado e socialmente situado do conceito de parentalidade, este artigo analisa, através das narrativas de pais e mães reclusos, as formas alternativas de exercício da paternidade e maternidade no contexto prisional. Os dados sugerem que as diferenças e desigualdades de género se materializam, antes e durante a reclusão, em diferentes cenários de envolvimento para mães e pais com percursos desviantes. Os resultados também evidenciam como se reconfiguram os laços parentais num contexto distanciado das configurações tradicionais e ao qual se somam os impactos criados pelo controlo penal.Exploring the gendered and socially situated nature of the concept of parenting, this article analyzes, through the narratives of prisoners who are parents, the alternative ways of mothering and fathering in the prison context. The data collected suggest that gender differences and inequalities materialize, before and during imprisonment, in different scenarios of involvement for mothers and fathers with offending paths. They also show how parental ties are reconfigured in a context apart from traditional family configurations and marked by the impacts created by penal control.Explorant le caractère sexué, ainsi que la nature socialement située du concept de parentalité, cet article analyse, à travers les narratives de pères et mères détenus, les formes alternatives d’exercice de la maternité et de paternité dans le contexte carcéral. Les données suggèrent que les différences et d’inégalités de genre se matérialisent, avant et après l’emprisonnement, en différents panoramas de rapports dans le cas des mères ou des pères avec des parcours de transgression. Elles montrent aussi comment les liens parentaux sont reconfigurés dans un contexte éloigné des configurations familiales conventionnelles et marqué par les impacts du contrôle pénal.Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologi

The social and economic costs of female imprisonment: the prisoners’ point of view

Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT

Intimidades em (des)conexão com a prisão: as relações amorosas de mulheres antes e durante a reclusão

Os estudos prisionais sobre mulheres reclusas tendem a negligenciar as configurações e transformações das suas relações amorosas. Partindo de um conjunto de entrevistas a mulheres reclusas, nesta comunicação almeja-se explorar as trajetórias conjugais destas mulheres, focando, por um lado, as relações amorosas no período prévio à reclusão, por outro, as reconfigurações das mesmas nos primeiros meses do cumprimento da pena. Estas evidenciam matizes específicos e singulares ao nível dos contextos e motivações que as envolvem. Os nossos dados evidenciam como as relações amorosas destas mulheres as conectaram às malhas da justiça e do sistema penal antes da sua própria reclusão e independentemente dos seus próprios comportamentos desviantes. Estes vínculos ao sistema penal resultam do apoio que estas mulheres, antes de serem reclusas, prestavam aos seus companheiros reclusos. Este é um papel que não se esbate perante a própria reclusão. Pelo contrário, ele mantem-se e acentua-se. As mulheres passam então a desempenhar dois papéis sociais amalgamados, com fronteiras híbridas, (estar em reclusão e ter o parceiro em reclusão) e ambos com íntimas conexões ao sistema prisional. Tais conexões parecem ditar as suas trajetórias aquém e além da prisão.Prison studies about women prisoners tend to neglect the settings and changes of their intimate relationships. Drawing from a set of interviews with 20 women prisoners, this paper aims to explore the intimate trajectories of these women, focusing, on the one hand, in their love relationships in the period prior to incarceration and, on the other hand, on their reconfigurations in the first months of the prison sentence. These relationships highlight specific hues regarding the contexts and motivations that surround them. Our data show how these women’ romantic relationships connected them to justice and penal system before their own imprisonment and regardless of their own deviant behavior. These links to the criminal system result of the support that these women, before they were prisoners, gave to them imprisoned partners. This is a role that doesn’t fade away during their imprisonment. Instead, it keeps it up and is amplified. Women play two roles with blurred boundaries (being arrested and also have a partner in prison) and both of them have close connections to the prison system. Such connections seem to dictate their pathways behind and beyond prison.Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT

Mothering from prison and ideologies of intensive parenting: enacting vulnerable resistance

“Intensive parenting” ideologies have been increasingly disseminated in popular culture, expert discourses, and social policy. These have impacted particularly mothers owing to their actual or presumed central role in child rearing. One of the main features of these ideologies is an increasing apportioning of rights and responsibilities to families without taking into account the resources needed to sustain the work of caring according to dominant social expectations. Drawing on 20 interviews in a Portuguese female prison, this article explores how mothering is enacted by underprivileged and criminalized women. Data show a complex web of tensions between the norms implicit in “intensive parenting” ideologies and the actual practices, which imprisoned mothers can accomplish. In their mothering from prison, women enact vulnerable resistance to the penal policies that undermine their primary role in child rearing. That is, prisoners creatively negotiate a space within which they can define themselves as “good mothers.”Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT

From fight against crime to its risks. Extra prison consequences of female imprisonment

Entre o leque de políticas penais atualmente disponíveis e legitimadas na contenção da criminalidade, a reclusão constitui a forma predominante para sancionar transgressores. Procurando alargar o debate sobre as penas de prisão, este artigo explora, através de entrevistas com 20 mulheres reclusas, os processos de reconfiguração e reestruturação das responsabilidades femininas na decorrência da reclusão de mulheres e analisa as implicações socioeconómicas da ausência feminina nos agregados domésticos. Os resultados evidenciam que a reclusão de mulheres desencadeia ou agrava posições de vulnerabilidade social e instabilidade económica, afetando sobretudo crianças, mulheres e idosos.Among the range of penal policies currently available and legitimized in crime prevention, imprisonment is the predominant approach to punish transgressors. Aiming to broaden the debate about custodial sentences, this article explores, through the analysis of 20 interviews with Portuguese female prisoners, the processes of responsibilities’ reconfiguration and restructuring upon female imprisonment and analyzes the family and socioeconomic implications of female absence in households. Results show that woma n’s imprisonment triggers or exacerbate positions of social vulnerability and economic instability, mostly affecting children, women and elderly

Children on the outside: the experience of mothering among female inmates

This paper examines how the experience of female prison confinement, especially in relation to mothering, is shaped by women’s different trajectories. Results are drawn from interviews with 20 incarcerated mothers in a female prison in Portugal. We aim to explore issues of identity, representations and practices of inmate mothers in a prison context. Our purpose is to analyze motherhood as a dynamic and changing experience according to the contexts in which it unfolds. Primarily, we will focus on the biographical pathways of women prior to incarceration. Then, we will analyze how different trajectories are expressed in prison settings, and how they shape carceral experiences. We will highlight family changes, women’ strategies, and new forms of experiencing motherhood that emerge from the prison context. Finally, we will explore women’s future prospects regarding the relationship and involvement with their children after leaving prison. Our data suggest that traditional gender roles are reproduced insofar as mothering is given as a primary value of femininity. Nevertheless, motherhood in the prison context is affected by contradictions and tensions. While, on the one hand, there’s a discursive exaltation of maternal identity, on the other hand it is difficult to act upon it, since children on the outside are being taken care by others. Since mothering from prison doesn’t involve only mothers and their children, we also highlight how other elements are central in mediating relationships between mothers and their children, promoting or restricting the bonds between them: namely, relationships with caregivers and (re)configurations of mother-child emotional dynamics.Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT

Evaluation of Respiratory, Genotoxic and Cytotoxic Effects from Occupational Exposure to Typography Activities

This cross-sectional study was structured to allow the evaluation of the respiratory, genotoxic, and cytotoxic effects of occupational exposure to products resulting from the activity of printers in typographies and, to determine the risk of genotoxicity associated with such exposure. This study comprised 69 subjects, 25 individuals occupationally exposed to the products of typographies (study group), and 44 individuals non-exposed to the environment studied (reference group). The frequency of micronucleated cells and other nuclear anomalies (binucleated, karyolitic, pyknotic, and karyorrhectic cells) in the oral epithelia of each subject were analyzed. The frequency of micronucleated cells was significantly higher in the study group when compared to the reference one (12.96 MN/2000 cells vs. 4 MN/2000 cells, respectively). Occupational exposure to products of typography is a risk factor for the occurrence of micronucleated cells in the study group (RR = 3.2; 95% CI, 2.7–3.9; p < 0.001). The results of the spirometry test did not reveal significant respiratory effects between the reference and study groups.FUNDING: This work was financially supported by Azores DRCT Plurianual Funding (M1.1.A/ Func.UI&D/010/2021-2024) and by the Fundo Regional da Ciência (Regional Government of the Azores) (Diana Linhares post-doc fellowship-M3.1.a/F/004/2018).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Salt-Related Knowledge, Attitudes and Behavior in an Intervention to Reduce Added Salt When Cooking in a Sample of Adults in Portugal

(1) Background: Excessive salt intake is associated with an increased risk of hypertension and cardiovascular disease, so reducing it is critical. The main objective of this study was to verify whether one intervention to reduce added salt during cooking changed knowledge, attitudes and behavior (KAB) towards salt, and to analyze changes in the main sources of salt. (2) Methods: The intervention study was an 8-week randomized controlled trial with 97 workers from a public university. KAB in relation to salt were obtained through the WHO STEPwise questionnaire, and the main sources of salt were obtained by 24-h food recall and 24 h urinary sodium excretion over two days. (3) Results: After the intervention, participants in the intervention group reported a decrease in the addition of salt when cooking (p = 0.037), an increase in the percentage of subjects who avoided the consumption of processed foods (from 54.2% to 83.3%, p = 0.001), who looked for salt on food labels (from 18.8% to 39.6%, p = 0.013), and who bought low-salt food alternatives (from 43.8% to 60.4%, p = 0.039). However, there were no significant differences between the intervention group and the control group at baseline and post-intervention assessments. In the intervention group, after the intervention, the added salt decreased by 5%; food sources of salt such as the snacks and pizza group decreased by 7%, and the meat, fish and eggs group increased by 4%, but without statistical significance. (4) Conclusions: With innovative equipment for dosing salt when cooking, it is possible to change some dimensions of consumer behavior in relation to salt

Knowledge and behaviors regarding salt intake according to urinary Na excretion and blood pressure

Abstract Background Understanding salt-related knowledge, attitudes and behaviors can help the design of effective health interventions. Therefore, our objective was to describe knowledge and behaviors related to salt intake according to urinary sodium excretion and blood pressure in University workers. Methods We performed our study in a subsample of the participants of the iMC Salt project (n=60 subjects, 60.5% women, mean age 48±9.5 years). Sodium excretion were measured by one 24-h urinary collection, validated by creatinine excretion and participants were grouped according to the WHO sodium recommendations (&lt;2.0g/day; high, 2.0g/day). Subjects were classified as hypertensive if the systolic blood pressure was 130mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure was 80mmHg. Knowledge and behaviors regarding salt intake were assessed by the WHO Stepwise Approach to Chronic Disease Risk Factor Surveillance. Results About 74.6% of the participants reported that reducing salt in their diet was very important and 93.2% think that salt is harmful to health. However, 76.3% always add salt during cooking, 42.4% said that they always or often consume processed foods high in salt, 79.7% reported that they don't look at the salt on food labels, 50.8% don't buy low salt alternatives and 30.5% don't use spices as one substitute for salt when cooking. Hypertensive subjects had a higher mean sodium excretion (3710±1508mg/day vs 2478±871mg/day, p=0.002) and reported a significant higher frequency of consumption of processed foods high in salt (53.1% vs 29.6%, p=0.024). No significant differences were found with the other variables. Conclusions Most university workers were aware that high salt intake can cause health problems, but they reported low adherence to behaviors to control their salt intake. Hypertensive subjects recognized that frequently consume processed foods high in salt, so reduce salt content on those products could have important impact on their daily salt consumption. Key messages This study provides evidence on knowledge and behaviors regarding salt intake to guide salt reduction policies. Hypertensive participants reported a higher frequency of eating processed foods rich in salt. </jats:sec