On the behaviour of spin-orbit connection of exoplanets

Star-planet interactions play, among other things, a crucial role in planetary orbital configurations by circularizing orbits, aligning the star and planet spin and synchronizing stellar rotation with orbital motions. This is especially true for innermost giant planets, which can be schematized as binary systems with a very large mass ratio. Despite a few examples where spin-orbit synchronization has been obtained, there is no demographic study on synchronous regimes in those systems yet. Here we use a sample of 1,055 stars with innermost planet companions to show the existence of three observational loci of star-planet synchronization regimes. Two of them have dominant fractions of subsynchronous and supersynchronous star-planet systems, and a third less populated regime of potentially synchronized systems. No synchronous star-planet system with a period higher than 40 days has been detected yet. This landscape is different from eclipsing binary systems, most of which are synchronized. We suggest that planets in a stable asynchronous spin state belonging to star-planet systems in a supersynchronized regime offer the most favourable conditions for habitability.Comment: 15 pages, 1 figure in main paper, 6 supplementary figures. Published in Nature Astronomy, May 202

Approaches in biotechnological applications of natural polymers

Natural polymers, such as gums and mucilage, are biocompatible, cheap, easily available and non-toxic materials of native origin. These polymers are increasingly preferred over synthetic materials for industrial applications due to their intrinsic properties, as well as they are considered alternative sources of raw materials since they present characteristics of sustainability, biodegradability and biosafety. As definition, gums and mucilages are polysaccharides or complex carbohydrates consisting of one or more monosaccharides or their derivatives linked in bewildering variety of linkages and structures. Natural gums are considered polysaccharides naturally occurring in varieties of plant seeds and exudates, tree or shrub exudates, seaweed extracts, fungi, bacteria, and animal sources. Water-soluble gums, also known as hydrocolloids, are considered exudates and are pathological products; therefore, they do not form a part of cell wall. On the other hand, mucilages are part of cell and physiological products. It is important to highlight that gums represent the largest amounts of polymer materials derived from plants. Gums have enormously large and broad applications in both food and non-food industries, being commonly used as thickening, binding, emulsifying, suspending, stabilizing agents and matrices for drug release in pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. In the food industry, their gelling properties and the ability to mold edible films and coatings are extensively studied. The use of gums depends on the intrinsic properties that they provide, often at costs below those of synthetic polymers. For upgrading the value of gums, they are being processed into various forms, including the most recent nanomaterials, for various biotechnological applications. Thus, the main natural polymers including galactomannans, cellulose, chitin, agar, carrageenan, alginate, cashew gum, pectin and starch, in addition to the current researches about them are reviewed in this article.. }To the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientfíico e Tecnológico (CNPq) for fellowships (LCBBC and MGCC) and the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nvíel Superior (CAPES) (PBSA). This study was supported by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) under the scope of the strategic funding of UID/BIO/04469/2013 unit, the Project RECI/BBB-EBI/0179/2012 (FCOMP-01-0124-FEDER-027462) and COMPETE 2020 (POCI-01-0145-FEDER-006684) (JAT)

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

ßS-Haplotypes in sickle cell anemia patients from Salvador, Bahia, Northeastern Brazil

Submitted by Ana Maria Fiscina Sampaio ([email protected]) on 2012-12-13T17:11:00Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Gonçalves, M.S. BS-haplotypes in sickle....pdf: 585067 bytes, checksum: cb0d25b2f356bbb59ad509d85a02d8a8 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2012-12-13T17:11:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Gonçalves, M.S. BS-haplotypes in sickle....pdf: 585067 bytes, checksum: cb0d25b2f356bbb59ad509d85a02d8a8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2003Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA, Brasil.Secretaria de Saúde do Estado da Bahia. Fundação Hemocentro da Bahia. Salvador, BA, Brasil.Secretaria de Saúde do Estado da Bahia. Fundação Hemocentro da Bahia. Salvador, BA, Brasil.Hospital Professor Edgar Santos. Salvador, BA, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA, Brasil.Faculdade de Farmácia. Laboratório de Biologia Molecular. Salvador, BA, Brasil.Faculdade de Farmácia. Laboratório de Biologia Molecular. Salvador, BA, Brasil.Universidade Federal da Bahia. Instituto de Matemática. Salvador, BA, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA, Brasil.ßS-Globin haplotypes were studied in 80 (160 ßS chromosomes) sickle cell disease patients from Salvador, Brazil, a city with a large population of African origin resulting from the slave trade from Western Africa, mainly from the Bay of Benin. Hematological and hemoglobin analyses were carried out by standard methods. The ßS-haplotypes were determined by PCR and dot-blot techniques. A total of 77 (48.1%) chromosomes were characterized as Central African Republic (CAR) haplotype, 73 (45.6%) as Benin (BEN), 1 (0.63%) as Senegal (SEN), and 9 (5.63%) as atypical (Atp). Genotype was CAR/ CAR in 17 (21.3%) patients, BEN/BEN in 17 (21.3%), CAR/BEN in 37 (46.3%), BEN/SEN in 1 (1.25%), BEN/Atp in 1 (1.25%), CAR/Atp in 6 (7.5%), and Atp/Atp in 1 (1.25%). Hemoglobin concentrations and hematocrit values did not differ among genotype groups but were significantly higher in 25 patients presenting percent fetal hemoglobin (%HbF) ≥10% (P = 0.002 and 0.003, respectively). The median HbF concentration was 7.54 ± 4.342% for the CAR/CAR genotype, 9.88 ± 3.558% for the BEN/BEN genotype, 8.146 ± 4.631% for the CAR/ BEN genotype, and 4.180 ± 2.250% for the CAR/Atp genotype (P = 0.02), although 1 CAR/CAR individual presented an HbF concentration as high as 15%. In view of the ethnic and geographical origin of this population, we did not expect a Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium for CAR/CAR and BEN/BEN homozygous haplotypes and a high proportion of heterozygous CAR/BEN haplotypes since the State of Bahia historically received more slaves from Western Africa than from Central Africa

Gasdermin-D activation by SARS-CoV-2 triggers NET and mediate COVID-19 immunopathology

Abstract: Background: The release of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) is associated with inflammation, coagulopathy, and organ damage found in severe cases of COVID-19. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the release of NETs in COVID-19 remain unclear. Objectives: We aim to investigate the role of the Gasdermin-D (GSDMD) pathway on NETs release and the development of organ damage during COVID-19. Methods: We performed a single-cell transcriptome analysis in public data of bronchoalveolar lavage. Then, we enrolled 63 hospitalized patients with moderate and severe COVID-19. We analyze in blood and lung tissue samples the expression of GSDMD, presence of NETs, and signaling pathways upstreaming. Furthermore, we analyzed the treatment with disulfiram in a mouse model of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Results: We found that the SARS-CoV-2 virus directly activates the pore-forming protein GSDMD that triggers NET production and organ damage in COVID-19. Single-cell transcriptome analysis revealed that the expression of GSDMD and inflammasome-related genes were increased in COVID-19 patients. High expression of active GSDMD associated with NETs structures was found in the lung tissue of COVID-19 patients. Furthermore, we showed that activation of GSDMD in neutrophils requires active caspase1/4 and live SARS-CoV-2, which infects neutrophils. In a mouse model of SARS-CoV-2 infection, the treatment with disulfiram inhibited NETs release and reduced organ damage. Conclusion: These results demonstrated that GSDMD-dependent NETosis plays a critical role in COVID-19 immunopathology and suggests GSDMD as a novel potential target for improving the COVID-19 therapeutic strategy

Premières communautés paysannes en Méditerranée occidentale

La transition de l’économie de chasse-cueillette à l’économie agricole en Méditerranée centrale et occidentale s’effectue essentiellement entre le VIIe et le IVe millénaire avant J.-C. Cette période voit s’implanter un type d’économie totalement neuf, générateur de mutations rapides et souvent irréversibles au plan de l’environnement. À ce titre les mutations de cette période jouent un rôle essentiel dans l’évolution ultérieure des sociétés et de leur cadre de vie et participent au fondement même du monde rural protohistorique et historique. C’est la première fois que de la mer Égée au Portugal et à la façade atlantique de l’Europe sont confrontés les résultats de nombreux spécialistes relevant de plusieurs disciplines, qu’ils soient archéologues, physiciens, géographes ou palynologues, anthracologistes, faunistes, sédimentologues ou pétrographes. Au cours de ce Colloque la genèse du monde rural a été traitée, autant que possible, dans la totalité de ses aspects : chronologie, variation des niveaux marins, mutations de l’environnement, impacts humains sur le paysage et les sols, caractères des premiers élevages, débuts de l’agriculture, circulation des matériaux, diversité des expressions culturelles de l’Égée et de l’Adriatique jusqu’à l’Atlantique.Responsables: Jean GUILAINE, Directeur de Recherche a u C.N.R.S., Directeur d’Études à l’E.H.E.S.S. (ER 289, Toulouse). Jean COURTIN, Directeur de Recherche a u C.N.R.S., Directeur des Antiquités Préhistoriques de Provence (ER 46, Marseille). Jean-Louis ROUDIL, Chargé de Recherche a u C.N.R.S., Directeur des Antiquités Préhistoriques de Languedoc-Roussillon (ER 46, Marseille). Jean-Louis VERNET, Professeur à l’Université des Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, Directeur de la R.C.P. 576 (Montpellier). Comité d’organisation: Les Responsables et: Alain BEECHING, Chargé de Recherche a u C.N.R.S. Didier BINDER, Chargé de Recherche au C.N.R.S. Françoise CLAUSTRE, Chargée de Recherche a u C.N.R.S. André D’ANNA, Chargé de Recherche a u C.N.R.S. Henri DUDAY, Chargé de Recherche au C.N.R.S. Jean GASCO, Chargé de Recherche a u C.N.R.S. Xavier GUTHERZ, Directeur-Adjoint des Antiquités du Languedoc. Jean VAQUER, Chargé de Recherche au C.N.R.S. Collaborateurs : Jacques ABADIE, Jacques AIGOUIN, Catherine AMIEL, François BRIOIS, Isabelle CARRERE, Lucie CHABAL, Albert COLOMER, Jacques COULAROU, Christian LE DECHAULT DE MONTRE-DON, Christiane GUILAINE, Christine HEINZ, Jacques PITHIOUD, Carol RIVENQ, Magdeleine ROBERT