Fighting with the Sparsity of Synonymy Dictionaries

Graph-based synset induction methods, such as MaxMax and Watset, induce synsets by performing a global clustering of a synonymy graph. However, such methods are sensitive to the structure of the input synonymy graph: sparseness of the input dictionary can substantially reduce the quality of the extracted synsets. In this paper, we propose two different approaches designed to alleviate the incompleteness of the input dictionaries. The first one performs a pre-processing of the graph by adding missing edges, while the second one performs a post-processing by merging similar synset clusters. We evaluate these approaches on two datasets for the Russian language and discuss their impact on the performance of synset induction methods. Finally, we perform an extensive error analysis of each approach and discuss prominent alternative methods for coping with the problem of the sparsity of the synonymy dictionaries.Comment: In Proceedings of the 6th Conference on Analysis of Images, Social Networks, and Texts (AIST'2017): Springer Lecture Notes in Computer Science (LNCS

Integrated impact assessment of shares, automated and electric mobility

Major transformations in the road transportation sector such as vehicle automation, electrification, and shared mobility, create opportunities to tackle sector challenges. Despite the promising positive impact, little is known about the real potential and the effective sustainability of a combination oh these emerging mobility systems. The proposed doctoral research plan intends to understand and quantify the environmental and energy-related impacts of shared, fully automated, and electric mobility. A fundamental understanding of the upstream and downstream environmental impacts of a product and a system considering SAEVs fleet adjusted to different travel demands will be conducted in a life cycle assessment (LCA) approach. The assessment of potential environmental impact reduction has always been a research hotspot; however, most studies are only focused on operational impact. Moreover, the impact of SAEVs in the road network considering presence, routing, location, access to charging stations and scheduling will be addressed. Hence, automated driving decisions and distinguishing normal from recurring driving patterns are required to develop a framework for generating an automated mobility service. Attention will be given to the application of SAE mobility both at urban and inter-urban scales. The evaluation of the impacts of emerging mobility systems requires a comprehensive set of criteria. Results of the research intend to culminate into a feasibility study combining environmental, economic, and consumer perspective viability of the examined systems. The main research questions of this study are: 1) Which routing strategies should be adopted for energy-efficient driving decision?; 2) What are the impacts of SAEVs systems through a life cycle concept?; 3) What is the potential of SAEVs to manage traffic demand at urban and interurban scales?publishe

Context-dependency in carnivore co-occurrence across a multi-use conservation landscape

This research was funded by South Africa's National Research Foundation (UID: 107099 and 115040), African Institute for Conservation Ecology, National Geographic Society (EC-314R-18) and Wild Tomorrow Fund. G.C.-S. and M.S.-R. were funded by Fundacão para a Ciência e a Tecnologia in the frame of a doctoral grant (PD/BD/114037/2015) and the research unit (UID/BIA/00329/2019), respectively.Carnivore intraguild dynamics depend on a complex interplay of environmental affinities and interspecific interactions. Context-dependency is commonly expected with varying suites of interacting species and environmental conditions but seldom empirically described. In South Africa, decentralized approaches to conservation and the resulting multi-tenure conservation landscapes have markedly altered the environmental stage that shapes the structure of local carnivore assemblages. We explored assemblage-wide patterns of carnivore spatial (residual occupancy probability) and temporal (diel activity overlap) co-occurrence across three adjacent wildlife-oriented management contexts?a provincial protected area, a private ecotourism reserve, and commercial game ranches. We found that carnivores were generally distributed independently across space, but existing spatial dependencies were context-specific. Spatial overlap was most common in the protected area, where species occur at higher relative abundances, and in game ranches, where predator persecution presumably narrows the scope for spatial asymmetries. In the private reserve, spatial co-occurrence patterns were more heterogeneous but did not follow a dominance hierarchy associated with higher apex predator densities. Pair-specific variability suggests that subordinate carnivores may alternate between pre-emptive behavioral strategies and fine-scale co-occurrence with dominant competitors. Consistency in species-pairs diel activity asynchrony suggested that temporal overlap patterns in our study areas mostly depend on species' endogenous clock rather than the local context. Collectively, our research highlights the complexity and context-dependency of guild-level implications of current management and conservation paradigms; specifically, the unheeded potential for interventions to influence the local network of carnivore interactions with unknown population-level and cascading effects.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe

From cilia to cancer: the two splicing variants of the human TBCCD1 gene

Funds are from Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, IPL/2017/CILIOPAT/ESTeSL.Almost all human genes that contain multiple exons undergo alternative splicing. Therefore, a single gene can originate multiple mRNA isoforms which causes a dramatic increase in the variability of the expected proteome. Noteworthy, phenotypic variability and disease susceptibility in human populations are related to alternative splicing. Published work from our group identified a new human centrosomal protein, TBCC domain-containing 1 (TBCCD1). Our studies revealed that this gene undergoes alternative splicing producing at least two transcripts encoding proteins. Here we analyze the differential functions of the two splicing variants (TBCCD1v1 and TBCCD1v2). Both variants present distinct cellular localization being TBCCD1v1 essentially centrosomal, whereas TBCCD1v2 is cytoplasmatic. The screening for TBCCD1v2 proximity interactome using BioID identified 19 proteins that functionally group in kinetochore, MT/cilia, and DNA-binding proteins. Striking, the overexpression of TBCCD1v2 decreases the levels of the kinetochore protein CENP-M, a protein upregulated in tumors. On the other hand, the TBCCD1v1 is involved in MT organization and is required to maintain the distal structure of the mother centriole. Our BioID screening for TBCCD1v1 interactors revealed 82 distinct proteins including several well-known proteins encoded by ciliopathy genes. A wider analysis of how TBCCD1v1 levels impact cellular physiological proteome showed that the group of proteins presenting fold changes in their levels vs control cells is enriched in proteins involved in focal adhesions, namely HSPA5/GRP-78/BiP, PDIA3, RPS10, MSN, TGM2, and PPP1R12A. Together our results show that we are still far from having a complete picture of the functional importance of TBCCD1 and how its deregulation may be associated not only with the development of ciliopathies but also with more common diseases like cancer.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Water enema computed tomography (WE-CT) in the local staging of low colorectal neoplasms: comparison with transrectal ultrasound

BACKGROUND: To determine the accuracy of computed tomography performed with a water enema application (WE-CT) in the local staging of low colorectal neoplasms and to compare the results with those of transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS). METHODS: Forty patients with low colorectal tumors were evaluated prospectively by CT with the simultaneous administration of a lukewarm rectal enema (0.5-1.5 L). Thin slices (5 mm) and intravenous application of iodinated contrast media were routinely used. TRUS was performed in 18 patients. Tumor size, location, and staging according to the TNM classification of the UICC were registered. Tumors were classified as or 5 mm in diameter was seen (reading A); N+ if at least one peritumoral node > or = 5 mm or three peritumoral nodes < 5 mm were identified (reading B). RESULTS: For the tumor staging, WE-CT showed a sensitivity of 90%, a specificity of 73%, a positive predictive value (PPV) of 90%, a negative predictive value (NPV) of 73%, and an accuracy of 85%. For TRUS, the results were sensitivity of 73%, specificity of 29%, PPV of 62%, NPV of 40%, and an accuracy of 39%. Concerning nodal staging with WE-CT, results were superior when reading A was used: sensitivity = 84%, specificity = 83%, PPV = 73%, NPV = 91%, and accuracy = 84%. TRUS showed a sensitivity of 29%, specificity of 100%, PPV of 100%, NPV of 67%, and an accuracy of 71%. CONCLUSION: WE-CT is a reliable technique for the local staging of low colorectal tumors that can be superior to TRUS. For diagnosis of peritumoral metastatic lymph nodes on WE-CT, the 5-mm diameter cutoff value is the most appropriate size criterion

Experiments on enlarging a lexical ontology

This paper presents two simple experiments performed in order to enlarge the coverage of PULO, a Lexical Ontology, based and aligned with the Princeton WordNet. The first experiment explores the triangulation of the Galician, Catalan and Castillian wordnets, with translation dictionaries from the Apertium project. The second, explores Dicionário-Aberto entries, in order to extract synsets from its definitions. Although similar approaches were already applied for different languages, this document aims at documenting their results for the PULO case