ACTIVITE DE L’ALPHA AMYLASE SERIQUE ET SALIVAIRE DES SUJETS ADULTES CONSOMMATEURS HABITUELS DE DEUX BOISSONS ALCOOLISEES LOCALES DU BENIN

Introduction: the effect of alcohol on the activity of α-amylase in serum and saliva raises many controversies. The objective of this study was to study the activity of α-amylase in serum and saliva of adults subjects habitual consumers of two local alcoholic beverages in Benin. Methods: we conducted a cross-sectional descriptive and analytical study from April 1 to August 31, 2012. Usual consumers of tchoukoutou and sodabi and those non-consumers of both sexes were selected in the city of Parakou in Benin Republic. For each subject, blood and saliva samples were collected. The activity of α-amylase was determined by the kinetic enzymatic method. The Kruskal-Wallis test was used to compare means and linear regression to establish statistical relationships. Results: a total of 150 subjects were recruited (32 women). The mean age was 34.7 ± 9.32 years. The mean values of the activity of α-amylase in serum and saliva of subjects habitual consumers of sodabi respectively 154.44 ± 52.47 IU/L and 131694.3 ± 114126.7 IU/L were higher than those of non-users respectively 125.38 ± 75.38 IU/L and 86121.16 ± 60852.9 IU/L. The mean values of the activity of α-amylase in serum and saliva of subjects habitual consumers of tchoukoutou respectively 146.65 ± 59.10 IU/L and 94690.3± 64578.77 IU/L were higher than those of non-users. The differences were significant at serum α-amylase activity (p <0.05). The mean values of the activity of α-amylase in serum and saliva of the subjects habitual consumers of sodabi were higher than those of tchoukoutou consumers with no significant difference. The correlations between the activity of α-amylase in serum and saliva and duration of use on one hand and the daily average amount of alcohol consumed on the other hand were very strong. Conclusion: consumption of tchoukoutou and sodabi increase the activity of α-amylase in serum and saliva. The abuse of these two beverages should be avoided by people

PROFIL DES LIPIDES SERIQUES DES SUJETS ADULTES BENINOIS CONSOMMATEURS HABITUELS DE TABAC

Introduction: Tobacco consumption alters several biological parameters. This study aimed to describe the serum lipids profile of Benin adult subjects who are usual tobacco smokers, snuffers and chewers. Methods: We performed a cross-sectional and analytical descriptive study from April 1st to August 30th, 2012 in Benin adult subjects who are usual tobacco consumers (60 smokers, 60 chewers, 60 snuffers) and in 60 subjects who are not tobacco consumers. The following serum lipid parameters were measured: Total cholesterolemia (TC), HDL cholesterolemia (HDL- C), triglyceride (TG) levels, LDL cholesterolemia (LDL- C), VLDL cholesterolemia (VLDL- C) and atherogenic index (AI). The analysis of variance (ANOVA) improved by Student’s t test allowed to compare averages between the different study groups. Simple or multiple associations between the different variables were tested on 5% threshold by means of Person’s chi2 and Fisher’s F comparison tests. Linear regression was used to determine the different correlations. Results: TC, HDL- C and AI averages were significantly higher in chewers than in snuffers (p ≤ 0.02). CT and HDL- C averages were significantly higher in chewers than in smokers (p ≤ 0.002) whereas TG and VLDL- C had significantly lower average values (p < 0.02). TG, LDL- C and VLDL- C averages were significantly higher in smokers than in snuffers (p < 0.05). TG, VLDL- C and AI averages were significantly higher in snuffers than in non consumers (p < 0.03) while non-consumers showed an HDL- C average that was significantly higher (p = 0.001). TC, HDL-C, TG and VLDL- C were significantly higher in chewers than in non consumers (p < 0.02). TG, VLDL-C and AI were significantly higher in smokers than in non-consumers (p < 0.006). There were average correlations for TG and VLDL- C (r = +0.203 and +0.207 respectively) in snuffers and for HDL- C, LDL- C and AI (r = +0.229, +0.248 and +0.242 respectively) in smokers with the number of years of tobacco consumption. Only smokers presented an average correlation with daily quantity of tobacco consumed (r = +0.257) as for TC. Conclusion: Tobacco modifies serum lipid values, regardless of its mode of consumption. Subsequently, it fosters the development of atheromatosis

Serum Lipid Profile of the Adult Habitual Consumers of Two Traditional Alcoholic Drinks Made in Benin

Alcohol consumption modifies many biological parameters. This study aimed to describe the profile of the serum lipids of adult habitual consumers of Tchoukoutou and Sodabi, two traditional alcoholic drinks made in Benin. We carried out a descriptive, cross-sectional and analytic study from May 1st, 2013 to August 31, 2013. The target of the study was a population consisting of 60 habitual consumers of Tchoukoutou (mean age: 35.8

Declines in Pediatric Bacterial Meningitis in the Republic of Benin Following Introduction of Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine: Epidemiological and Etiological Findings, 2011-2016.

BACKGROUND: Pediatric bacterial meningitis (PBM) remains an important cause of disease in children in Africa. We describe findings from sentinel site bacterial meningitis surveillance in children <5 years of age in the Republic of Benin, 2011-2016. METHODS: Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was collected from children admitted to Parakou, Natitingou, and Tanguieta sentinel hospitals with suspected meningitis. Identification of Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus), Haemophilus influenzae, and Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus) was performed by rapid diagnostic tests, microbiological culture, and/or polymerase chain reaction; where possible, serotyping/grouping was performed. RESULTS: A total of 10 919 suspected cases of meningitis were admitted to the sentinel hospitals. Most patients were 0-11 months old (4863 [44.5%]) and there were 542 (5.0%) in-hospital deaths. Overall, 4168 CSF samples were screened for pathogens and a total of 194 (4.7%) PBM cases were confirmed, predominantly caused by pneumococcus (98 [50.5%]). Following pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) introduction in 2011, annual suspected meningitis cases and deaths (case fatality rate) progressively declined from 2534 to 1359 and from 164 (6.5%) to 14 (1.0%) in 2012 and 2016, respectively (P < .001). Additionally, there was a gradual decline in the proportion of meningitis cases caused by pneumococcus, from 77.3% (17/22) in 2011 to 32.4% (11/34) in 2016 (odds ratio, 7.11 [95% confidence interval, 2.08-24.30]). Haemophilus influenzae meningitis fluctuated over the surveillance period and was the predominant pathogen (16/34 [47.1%]) by 2016. CONCLUSIONS: The observed decrease in pneumococcal meningitis after PCV introduction may be indicative of changing patterns of PBM etiology in Benin. Maintaining vigilant and effective surveillance is critical for understanding these changes and their wider public health implications

Index et charge glycémiques de quatre jus de fruits chez des sujets adultes jeunes apparemment sains

La consommation de jus de fruits naturels n’a pas d’effet significatif ni sur la glycémie à jeun ni sur le contrôle glycémique chez les diabétiques. L’objectif de cette étude était de déterminer l’index et la charge glycémiques de quatre jus de fruits chez des sujets adultes jeunes apparemment sains. Il s’agissait d’une étude quasi expérimentale, qui a inclus 32 sujets adultes volontaires apparemment sains, sélectionnés selon les critères de l’Organisation Mondiale de la Santé et répartis en 4 groupes de 8. Chaque groupe de sujets a consommé à deux reprises l’aliment de référence (pain blanc pour 2 groupes ; glucose pour les 2 autres), puis une portion de l’un des jus de fruits contenant une quantité équivalente à 25 g de glucides. L’Index Glycémique (IG) et la Charge Glycémique (CG) ont été déterminés par la méthode standard. Le jus DAFANI orange-mangue avait un IG faible (47,50), les jus DAFANI cocktail mangue-ananas-fruit de la passion (62,25) et ananas IRA (64,12) un IG moyen, et le jus DAFANI nectar mangue (87,62) un IG élevé. Tous les jus de fruits avaient une CG modérée (comprise entre 11 et 19). Bien que la CG des jus de fruits étudiés soit modérée, leur consommation doit être contrôlée en particulier chez les diabétiques. &nbsp; English title: Glycemic index and glycemic load of four fruit juices in apparently healthy young adults’ subjects Consuming natural fruit juices has no significant effect on either fasting blood sugar or blood sugar control in diabetics. This study was aimed to determine the glycemic index and glycemic load of four fruit juices in apparently healthy young adult subjects. Through a quasi-experimental study, 32 apparently healthy adult volunteers were selected using the World Health Organization criteria, and divided into 4 groups of 8. Each group of subjects consumed twice the reference food (white bread for 2 groups; glucose for the 2 other), then a serving of one of the fruit juices containing an amount equivalent to 25 g of carbohydrate. The Glycemic Index (GI) and Glycemic Load (GL) was determined by the standard method. DAFANI orange-mango juice had a low GI (47.50), DAFANI mango-pineapple-passion fruit cocktail (62.25) and pineapple IRA (64.12) juices had an average GI, and DAFANI mango nectar juice (87.62) a high GI. All fruit juices had a moderate GL (between 11 and 19). Despite the moderate GL of fruit juices studied, their consumption must be controlled, particularly in diabetics