The impact of a large object with Jupiter in July 2009

On 2009 July 19, we observed a single, large impact on Jupiter at a planetocentric latitude of 55^{\circ}S. This and the Shoemaker-Levy 9 (SL9) impacts on Jupiter in 1994 are the only planetary-scale impacts ever observed. The 2009 impact had an entry trajectory opposite and with a lower incidence angle than that of SL9. Comparison of the initial aerosol cloud debris properties, spanning 4,800 km east-west and 2,500 km north-south, with those produced by the SL9 fragments, and dynamical calculations of pre-impact orbit, indicate that the impactor was most probably an icy body with a size of 0.5-1 km. The collision rate of events of this magnitude may be five to ten times more frequent than previously thought. The search for unpredicted impacts, such as the current one, could be best performed in 890-nm and K (2.03-2.36 {\mu}m) filters in strong gaseous absorption, where the high-altitude aerosols are more reflective than Jupiter's primary cloud.Comment: 15 pages, 5 figure

Non-invasive monitoring of hypoxia-inducible factor activation by optical imaging during antiangiogenic treatment in a xenograft model of ovarian carcinoma

Open Access Article.Targeting the hypoxia response pathway and angiogenesis are two promising therapeutic strategies for cancer treatment. Their use as single strategies has important limitations. Thus, development of combined regimens has become an important step toward improving therapeutic efficacy. Also, non-invasive monitoring of the response to targeted biological therapies, as well as determination of the optimal schedule for combination regimens has become an active field of research over the last five years, with relevance for both preclinical and clinical settings. Here, we used an optical imaging method to non-invasively monitor the functional changes in HIF activity in response to antiangiogenic treatment in a xenograft model of human ovarian carcinoma. A bioluminescent reporter construct containing nine copies of the hypoxia response element upstream of the luciferase gene (9xHRE-luciferase) was characterized in vitro in a panel of tumor cell lines and in vivo in a subcutaneous xenograft model of ovarian carcinoma by means of optical imaging. We showed that in OVCAR-3 subcutaneous xenografts, the most abrupt change in the HIF functional reporter occurs before the onset of massive tumor growth. However, this system failed to detect hypoxia induced upon antiangiogenic treatment due to the compensating effects of increased hypoxia and decreased tumor cell viability caused by imbalanced neovascularization vs. tumor expansion. Therefore, the readout based on HIF functional reporter could be conditioned by the dynamics of tumor growth and angiogenesis, which is highly variable depending on the tumor type, tumor model and stage of progression.This study was supported by grants from the Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología/Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (SAF2008-03147 to LdP and SAF2010-19256 to BJ), Comunidad Autónoma de Madrid (S-SAL-0311_2006) and the 7th Research Framework Programme of the European Union (METOXIA, project ref. HEALTH-F2-2009-222741). B.M.P. and V.G. have been supported by a grant from the Comunidad Autónoma de Madrid (S-SAL-0311_2006).Peer Reviewe

Topology and excited state multiplicity as controlling factors in the carbazole-photosensitized CPD formation and repair

Photosensitized thyminethymine (ThyThy) formation and repair can be mediated by carbazole (Cbz). The former occurs from the Cbz triplet excited state via energy transfer, while the latter takes place from the singlet excited state via electron transfer. Here, fundamental insight is provided into the role of the topology and excited state multiplicity, as factors governing the balance between both processes. This has been achieved upon designing and synthesizing different isomers of trifunctional systems containing one Cbz and two Thy units covalently linked to the rigid skeleton of the natural deoxycholic acid. The results shown here prove that the Cbz photosensitized dimerization is not counterbalanced by repair when the latter, instead of operating through-space, has to proceed through-bond. © 2022 The Authors. Published by American Chemical Society

CALIDAD DE ANÁLISIS RETROSPECTIVO DE ANOMALÍAS CROMOSÓMICAS DE TIPO NUMÉRICAS EN PACIENTES DEL HOSPITAL REGIONAL DE ALTA ESPECIALIDAD DEL NIÑO “DR. RODOLFO NIETO PADRÓN” (2005-2015).L PATRÓN DE CONSUMO ALIMENTARIO EN POBLACIÓN DEL NORESTE DE MÉXICO

Introducción: Las aneuploidías son anomalías cromosómicas más frecuente en el ser humano donde existe una diferencia en el número de par de cromosomas que tiene una célula. Puede haber ganancia o pérdida de cromosomas individuales, el mecanismo más frecuente es la no disyunción donde hay errores en el proceso de generación de gametos. Objetivos: Identificar las anomalías cromosómicas de tipo numéricas más frecuentes en el Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad del Niño “Dr. Rodolfo Nieto Padrón en un periodo de diez años. Métodos: Estudio retrospectivo descriptivo en 3,291 casos, se utilizó la base de datos y bitácoras del laboratorio de genética del Hospital Regional se analizaron cariotipos de pacientes del 2005 a 2015. Resultados: Del total, 545 casos fueron positivos con aneuploidías y 2,146 negativos, la prevalencia fue mayor en hombres; el grupo de recién nacido presentó la mayor prevalencia de alteraciones cromosómicas de tipo numéricas con 38.7%(hombres) y 31.7% (mujeres); en el grupo de 1 a 3 años, la prevalencia fue de 7.3% (hombres) y 5.7% (mujeres). La mayor prevalencia (35.4%) fue en municipio de Centro, Tabasco; otras entidades federativas como Chiapas, Campeche, Tamaulipas y Mérida con 10.3%. El 2007 fue el año con mayor prevalencia de casos registrados de aneuploidías (79 casos). Las aneuploidías más frecuentes fueron la trisomía 21, monosomía X, trisomía 18, la trisomía 13. Conclusiones: Los programas de educación en salud, suponen un beneficio en la reducción de la prevalencia de aneuploidias cromosómicas al reducir la prevalencia de estas en los últimos diez años.ABSTRACTIntroduction: Aneuploidies are the most common chromosome abnormality in humans with missegregated chromosomes on the daughter cells. Consequently there could be a gain or a loss of individual chromosomes and the alterations in recombination are an important contributor to meiotic non-disjunction with abnormal gametes. Objectives: Identify the most common numerical chromosomal abnormalities over a 10 year study, at the Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad del Niño “Dr. Rodolfo Nieto Padrón. Methods: A retrospective study of 3,921 cases was made for a ten year period (2005 to 2015) analyzing the  patients karyotypes. Through the usage of the Genetic Lab database and logs at “Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad del Niño “Dr. Rodolfo Nieto Padrón”. Results: On the whole sample, 545 cases were identified with aneuploidies and 2,146 came out negative. The prevalence was significantly higher in men. The newborn group presented the highest prevalence of numerical chromosomal abnormalities with 38.7% (men) and 31.7% (women); Also the 1-3 years old group, the prevalence was of 7.3% (men) and 5.7% (women). According to the place of origin, the highest prevalence for the identified cases was in Centro municipality, Tabasco 35.4%, as well as other entities like Chiapas, Campeche, Tamaulipas and Mérida with 10.3%. 2007 was the year with the highest prevalence of aneuploidies with 79 identified cases. The most common types of aneuploidy were trisomy of chromosome 21, monosomy X, trisomy 18 and trisomy 13. Conclusions: The health education programs, must represent a benefit by reducing the prevalence of chromosomal aneuploidy for the last 10 yearsPalabras Clave: aneuploidías, anomalía cromosómica, trisomía, aneuploidies, chromosomal abnormalities, trisomy

Palaeobiogeographical perspectives on pinus pinea, a controversial and enigmatic mediterranean pine

The origins of some species of economic importance occurring over the Mediterranean Basin have been a traditional matter of debate that has important implications for land management. The case of Pinus pinea L. (Stone pine) is probably one of the most controversial, due to its documented long-term interaction with humans and its presence as a symbolic tree in certain areas of the Mediterranean (e.g., southwestern Iberia and Tuscany). Among the rest of the Mediterranean pines, several features make this pine unique (it has a characteristic crown shape, an edible kernel, cones that require three years to mature, and a very depauperate genetic diversity across its range). In addition, its palaeoecological information is rather limited, as the taxonomic precision attained by pollen analysts is insufficient for this tree and macroremains (such as kernels or anatomically well preserved wood) are needed to unequivocally detect the species in the fossil record. Recent findings of macrofossils of Pinus pinea in inland Iberia (Duero Basin) extend the late- Holocene range of the species, but the palaeobiogeographical information and the exhaustive genetic data available still suggest a very limited natural area (but still not sufficiently well defined) and a long and intense history of linkage to humans

Paleofitogeografía de los pinares en las montañas periféricas de la cuenca del Duero

En las dos últimas décadas se han obtenido numerosos resultados procedentes de diferentes trabajos paleobotánicos (Cuaternario final) realizados en los territorios montanos periféricos de la depresión del Duero. Las metodologías empleadas han sido diversas y tienen que ver con los diferentes tipos de yacimientos y de muestras biológicas seleccionadas para su estudio; entre ellas destacan las técnicas de microscopía óptica para la identificación de maderas subfósiles, la morfología comparada de macrorrestos y los estudios dendrocronológicos en árboles longevos y maderas subfósiles. En esta comunicación se reúnen y resumen los trabajos más importantes, haciéndose una síntesis de las conclusiones obtenidas en los trabajos paleofitogeográficos realizados hasta el momento; se hace hincapié en la información proporcionada por los macrorrestos (maderas, estróbilos) así como por la recogida en los registros dendrocronológicos (con extensión a la dendroecología). Otro de los objetivos de la comunicación es la síntesis de las conclusiones obtenidas en los trabajos paleofitogeográficos realizados hasta el momento. Uno de esos resultados es que el comportamiento de los pinares a lo largo del Holoceno presenta diferentes modalidades en cada una de las cordilleras que bordean la cuenca del Duero; desde casos con marcada estabilidad a otros en que se muestran variaciones temporales apreciables (con patrones de heterogeneidad en función de un eje N-S y/o O-E

High-resolution melting assay for genotyping variants of the CYP2C19 enzyme and predicting voriconazole effectiveness

Voriconazole is a triazole antifungal agent recommended as primary treatment for invasive aspergillosis, as well as some other mold infections. However, it presents some pharmacokinetic singularities that lead to a great variability intra- and interindividually, nonlinear pharmacokinetics, and a narrow therapeutic range. Most experts have recommended tracing the levels of voriconazole in patients when receiving treatment. This azole is metabolized through the hepatic enzyme complex cytochrome P450 (CYPP450), with the isoenzyme CYP2C19 being principally involved. Allelic variations (polymorphisms) of the gene that encodes this enzyme are known to contribute to variability in voriconazole exposure. Three different allelic variants, CYP2C19*17, CYP2C19*2, and CYP2C19*3, could explain most of the phenotypes related to the voriconazole metabolism and some of its pharmacokinetic singularities. We designed a rapid molecular method based on high-resolution melting to characterize these polymorphisms in a total of 142 samples, avoiding sequencing. Three PCRs were designed with similar cycling conditions to run simultaneously. The results showed that our method represents a fast, accurate, and inexpensive means to study these variants related to voriconazole metabolism. In clinical practice, this could offer a useful tool to individually optimize therapy and reduce expenses in patients with fungal infections.National Institute of Health Carlos III (AES13PI13/01817Research Project MPY 1367/13). L.B.-M. has a contract supported by theMinisterio de Ciencia e Innovación, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, cofinanced by the EuropeanDevelopment Regional Fund (EDRF) “A Way to Achieve Europe” and the SpanishNetwork for the Research in Infectious Diseases (REIPI; RD12/0015/0015). B.M.-R. is astudent in the Master’s Program entitled “Microbiología Aplicada a la Salud Pública eInvestigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas,” Alcalá de Henares University, Madrid,Spain. A.C. and C.C. were supported by the Northern Portugal Regional OperationalProgram (NORTE 2020) under the Portugal 2020 Partnership Agreement through theEuropean Regional Development Fund (FEDER; NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000013) and theFundação Para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT; IF/00735/2014 [A.C.] and SFRH/BPD/96176/2013 [C.C.])