Procesos participativos y economía circular en la agricultura: un análisis del proyecto life+ integral carbon en la DO vinos de uclés

En el periodo de programación 2014- 2020, la UE se está enfrentando a nuevos retos. La forma de afrontarlos parte del uso de nuevos instrumentos, que se pretende que actúen de forma coordinada. Es el caso de los grupos operativos (GO en adelante), creados en el marco de la European Innovation Partnership (en adelante, EIP) (en español, AEI) como instrumentos para la innovación en la agricultura y el medio rural bajo los principios de crecimiento sostenible, inteligente e integrador, establecidos en la Estrategia Europa 2020.Fil: Gomez Ramos, Almudena. Universidad de Valladolid; EspañaFil: Losada, Rocío. Universidad de Valladolid; EspañaFil: Nogueira, Maria Elena. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Rosario; Argentin

How to link agricultural productivity, water availability and water demand in a risk context?

The importance of water scarcity in irrigated agriculture in Spain provides the rationale for this paper, which analyses and evaluates the risk of water shortage on the economic result of this kind of agriculture. The main objective is to monitor this risk on a real-time basis. For this aim, we first estimated a number of regression models that explain irrigated agricultural productivity based on crop price indices, a time trend and water availability. These models, which correct for auto-correlation, yield good explanatory power. Second we carried out ex ante simulations of agricultural productivity using fitted distribution functions of water balance. The risk model framework provides the basis for a real time drought management system through a variety of distribution functions of expected economic results, which can be revised on a monthly basis before the beginning of the irrigation season. The results of the simulation show how this kind of risk model can be used to anticipate the effects of droughts and complement the hydrological models used to manage water storage in years of scarcity. Different risk profiles are identified. For example, in Genil-Cabra we found that the resilience of the system after a drought period is very high, whereas in La Plana de Castellón the risk of irrigation area abandonment is increasing year by year. In Genil-Cabra the estimated losses were 60 million euros in 2007. The models were applied to some of the most agriculturally relevant irrigation districts in Spain

Disentangling the social, macro and micro-economic effects of agricultural droughts: An application to Spanish irrigated agriculture

Droughts affect irrigated agricultural production, reducing economic output and creating social stress. The economic consequences of droughts begin at the farm level, reaching the macro level along the production chain value. To the extent that crop markets adjust to the supply shocks and because droughts do not affect all sectors at the same time and with the same severity, it is instructive to conduct economic evaluations of drought effects at both micro- and macro-economic levels. The objective of this paper is to estimate the impact of water availability variations on the crops’ market values, the total value added of the agricultural sector and farm employment. We run regression models for these three economic variables and 14 provinces in Spain, comprising more than 50% of the Spanish irrigated area. Results show that the macro economic variables are only sensitive to water availability in the provinces where aridity and water stress are more severe. The value of the harvests obtained in irrigated land is largely explained by water availability. The time trend explains the largest percentage of variance of the three economic variables, including micro and macro

Economic analysis of drought risks: an application to irrigated agriculture in Spain

Abstract This paper describes a two-part methodology for managing the risk posed by water supply variability to irrigated agriculture. First, an econometric model is used to explain the variation in the production value of irrigated agriculture. The explanatory variables include an index of irrigation water availability (surface storage levels), a price index representative of the crops grown in each geographical unit, and a time variable. The model corrects for autocorrelation and it is applied to 16 representative Spanish provinces in terms of irrigated agriculture. In the second part, the fitted models are used for the economic evaluation of drought risk. In flow variability in the hydrological system servicing each province is used to perform ex-ante evaluations of economic output for the upcoming irrigation season. The model?s error and the probability distribution functions (PDFs) of the reservoirs? storage variations are used to generate Monte Carlo (Latin Hypercube) simulations of agricultural output 7 and 3 months prior to the irrigation season. The results of these simulations illustrate the different risk profiles of each management unit, which depend on farm productivity and on the probability distribution function of water in flow to reservoirs. The potential for ex-ante drought impact assessments is demonstrated. By complementing hydrological models, this method can assist water managers and decisionmakers in managing reservoirs

Agricultural productivity and water supply variability in Spain: a model to manage hydrological risks

Because the topic of drought is of great interest to Southern Californians, a free public event ¿ "A World with Less Water: Discussion on Drought Policy" ¿ was held on the last day of the symposium. Sponsored by the Rosenberg International Forum on Water Policy, this public event was advertised widely throughout the region. A panel made up of water policy makers discussed drought issues, answered questions from the audience, and provided a thoughtful discussion about what can be done to avoid and ameliorate drought, both in California and worldwide

Precipitation of Phosphate Minerals by Microorganisms Isolated from a Fixed-Biofilm Reactor Used for the Treatment of Domestic Wastewater

The ability of bacteria isolated from a fixed-film bioreactor to precipitate phosphate crystals for the treatment of domestic wastewater in both artificial and natural media was studied. When this was demonstrated in artificial solid media for crystal formation, precipitation took place rapidly, and crystal formation began 3 days after inoculation. The percentage of phosphate-forming bacteria was slightly higher than 75%. Twelve major colonies with phosphate precipitation capacity were the dominant heterotrophic platable bacteria growing aerobically in artificial media. According to their taxonomic affiliations (based on partial sequencing of the 16S rRNA), the 12 strains belonged to the following genera of Gram-negative bacteria: Rhodobacter, Pseudoxanthobacter, Escherichia, Alcaligenes, Roseobacter, Ochrobactrum, Agromyce, Sphingomonas and Paracoccus. The phylogenetic tree shows that most of the identified populations were evolutionarily related to the Alphaproteobacteria (91.66% of sequences). The minerals formed were studied by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis (EDX). All of these strains formed phosphate crystals and precipitated struvite (MgNH4PO4·6H2O), bobierrite [Mg3(PO4)2·8H2O] and baricite [(MgFe)3(PO4)2·8H2O]. The results obtained in this study show that struvite and spherulite crystals did not show any cell marks. Moreover, phosphate precipitation was observed in the bacterial mass but also near the colonies. Our results suggest that the microbial population contributed to phosphate precipitation by changing the media as a consequence of their metabolic activity. Moreover, the results of this research suggest that bacteria play an active role in the mineral precipitation of soluble phosphate from urban wastewater in submerged fixed-film bioreactors.This investigation was funded by the CTM 2009-11929-CO2-02 of the Spanish Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia

A922 Sequential measurement of 1 hour creatinine clearance (1-CRCL) in critically ill patients at risk of acute kidney injury (AKI)

Meeting abstrac

Formal Risk-transfer Mechanisms for Allocating Uncertain Water Resources: The Case of Option Contracts

Water allocation in Mediterranean basins is characterized by increasingly uncertain availability. Mechanisms that facilitate water transfers and efficient risk sharing are critical for dealing with cyclical water shortages. An option contract can be an appropriate instrument for aiding such exchanges based on specific water rights attributes. Access to certain amounts of water under preestablished conditions could provide the basis for the option contract. The main objective of this paper is to test the hypothesis according to which an option contract may be a viable instrument for achieving efficient sharing of hydrological risks. A dynamic, stochastic, and discrete time model is developed to characterize the contract from the viewpoint of the selling party. The application of this methodology can find the compensating premium, which is computed as a risk premium. The premium ensures adequate compensation for the seller as well as for the additional risk imposed by the contract. The hypothesis is empirically tested by simulating the contract as a partial solution to the problems faced by the urban supply system of Seville (Spain). The other party is an irrigation district. Results show that the option contract would be a viable solution for both parties. For Seville's urban water supply system the option contract provides a more cost-effective alternative water supply than those presently considered by the city's water company. We find that mixed strategies including company's drought plans and option contracts are the most efficient, leading to less severe and less likely water shortages within the city supply system

Opinion publica sobre la multifuncionalidad del regadío: el caso de Castilla y Leon

This paper analyses the demands from the society of Castilla y León (Spain) regarding its agricultural sector through the valuation of the relevance of its productive and non-productive functions. Additionally, it assesses the level of social satisfaction concerning the performance of these functions by irrigated agriculture in this region. For this purpose primary data colleted through a survey has been used. Results obtained show that the average citizen does not perceive a higher utility from irrigated agriculture compared with the whole agricultural sector. For these agricultural systems the social function is the element of multifunctionality considered most relevant regarding the perceived social welfare. Resumen Este trabajo analiza las demandas de la sociedad castellana y leonesa en relación a la agricultura mediante la valoración de la importancia de sus funciones productivas y no productivas. Asimismo, trata de cuantificar el nivel de satisfacción social del desempeño de dichas funciones por el regadío de la región. Para tal fin se ha utilizado información primaria procedente de una encuesta. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que el ciudadano medio de Castilla y León no percibe una utilidad diferencial del regadío respecto del resto del sector agrario. La función social del regadío es el elemento que más posiciona a los ciudadanos en cuanto a su contribución al bienestar social percibido. Palabras clave: multifuncionalidad, demanda social, percepción pública, agricultura de regadío, Castilla y Leó

Opinion publica sobre la multifuncionalidad del regadío: el caso de Castilla y Leon

This paper analyses the demands from the society of Castilla y León (Spain) regarding its agricultural sector through the valuation of the relevance of its productive and non-productive functions. Additionally, it assesses the level of social satisfaction concerning the performance of these functions by irrigated agriculture in this region. For this purpose primary data colleted through a survey has been used. Results obtained show that the average citizen does not perceive a higher utility from irrigated agriculture compared with the whole agricultural sector. For these agricultural systems the social function is the element of multifunctionality considered most relevant regarding the perceived social welfare. Resumen Este trabajo analiza las demandas de la sociedad castellana y leonesa en relación a la agricultura mediante la valoración de la importancia de sus funciones productivas y no productivas. Asimismo, trata de cuantificar el nivel de satisfacción social del desempeño de dichas funciones por el regadío de la región. Para tal fin se ha utilizado información primaria procedente de una encuesta. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que el ciudadano medio de Castilla y León no percibe una utilidad diferencial del regadío respecto del resto del sector agrario. La función social del regadío es el elemento que más posiciona a los ciudadanos en cuanto a su contribución al bienestar social percibido. Palabras clave: multifuncionalidad, demanda social, percepción pública, agricultura de regadío, Castilla y Leónmultifunctionality, social demand, irrigated agriculture, public perception, Castilla y Leon, Crop Production/Industries, Q25, Q15,