ANÁLISE TEMPORAL DE CASOS DE AVC E INFARTO NO BRASIL: TENDÊNCIAS E FATORES ASSOCIADOS ( 2018-2023)

Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA) and Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI) are two of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Both result from circulatory problems, with CVA affecting the brain and AMI impacting the heart. This study aims to conduct a temporal analysis of the clinical and epidemiological landscape of hospitalizations due to Acute Myocardial Infarction and Cerebrovascular Accident in Brazil. It is a descriptive, quantitative, and retrospective study based on data obtained from the Hospital Morbidity System (SIH) at the Department of Informatics of the Unified Health System (DATASUS). The total number of confirmed hospitalizations for AMI or CVA in Brazil between 2018 and 2023 was 1,995,486. The Southeast region of the country had the highest number of cases (n=898,358). The age group with the highest frequency of AMI and CVA cases was 60 to 69 years, accounting for 27.80% (n=554,819) of the cases. Most individuals were of mixed race, representing 38.83% (n=774,936) of the cases, followed by self-declared white individuals at 36.94% (n=737,310). The majority of the sample was composed of males, representing 57.23% (n=1,142,050). Most patients were admitted on an emergency basis, totaling 93.95%. The average length of hospitalization was 7.1 days. There were 244,742 deaths during the analyzed period, with 28% of these patients being between 70 and 79 years of age. The study revealed a growing trend in the number of cases and an increase in incidence among younger individuals, although there are few studies in the field to explain this phenomenon.O Acidente Vascular Cerebral (AVC) e o Infarto Agudo do Miocárdio (IAM) são duas das principais causas de morbidade e mortalidade no mundo. Ambos resultam de problemas na circulação sanguínea, com o AVC afetando o cérebro e o IAM impactando o coração. O presente trabalho tem o objetivo de fazer uma análise temporal acerca do panorama clínico e epidemiológico das internações por Infarto Agudo do Miocárdio e Acidente Vascular Encefálico no Brasil .Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, quantitativo e retrospectivo,com base em dados obtidos através do Sistema de Morbidade Hospitalar (SIH), no Departamento de Informática do Sistema Único de Saúde (DATASUS). O total de casos confirmados de internação por IAM ou AVC, no Brasil, entre 2018 e 2023, foi de  1.995.486 . O sudeste do país foi a região que apresentou maiores números de casos (n=898.358).A faixa etária com maior frequência de casos de IAM e AVC foi a de 60 a 69 anos,  correspondendo a um percentual de 27,80% (n=554.819) dos casos. Os indivíduos, em sua maioria, apresentavam a cor/ raça parda correspondendo a 38,83% (n=774.936) dos casos, seguido dos indivíduos autodeclarados brancos com percentual de 36,94% (n=737.310).  A amostra , em sua maioria,foi composta por indivíduos do sexo masculino 57,23% (n=1.142.050). A maioria dos pacientes deu entrada no hospital em caráter de urgência correspondendo a um total de 93,95%. A média de internação dos pacientes foi de 7,1 dias. Houveram 244.742 óbitos durante o período analisado, dos quais 28% eram pacientes entre 70 a 79 anos de idade. No estudo, ficou evidente o padrão de crescimento do número de casos e um aumento da incidência em pessoas mais jovens, embora não haja muitos estudos na área que possam explicar esse fenômeno

PANORAMA CLÍNICO-EPIDEMIOLÓGICO DE CASOS CONFIRMADOS DE MENINGITE NA POPULAÇÃO PEDIÁTRICA BRASILEIRA : ANÁLISE DE 10 ANOS

Meningitis is a public health problem that can affect any age group, but is especially common in children, as its etiological agents are bacteria, viruses, parasites and, rarely, non-infectious causes. The majority of clinical symptoms present as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, tachycardia, hypotension and petechiae on the skin. Thus, the study aims to evaluate the clinical and epidemiological profile of cases of meningitis, in Brazil, in pediatric patients, over 10 years. This is a descriptive, retrospective and quantitative study carried out using secondary data obtained by DATASUS and the Hospital Morbidity System (SINAN). The variables analyzed were: year of notification, capital of residence, age group, education level, color/race, sex, gestational period, type of dengue, confirmation criteria, evolution and hospitalization. Regarding the age range, individuals under 1 year old to 14 years old were considered. The most prevalent age group is preschool children between 1 and 4 years old (34.02%), male (59%), white (48.89%), residents of the State of São Paulo (40% ), confirming the diagnosis mainly through chemocytological examination of the cerebrospinal fluid. Furthermore, it is noted that the most prevalent etiology is viral. Therefore, carrying out additional investigations into the prevalence of meningitis in the Brazilian population is crucial for the development of public policies aimed at preventing and controlling the disease.A meningite é um  problema de saúde pública que pode acometer qualquer faixa etária, porém tem-se um destaque para crianças, ela possui como agentes etiológicos bactérias, vírus, parasitas e, raramente, causas não infecciosas. Os quadros clínicos apresentam-se, em sua maioria, através de náuseas, vômitos, diarreia, taquicardia, hipotensão e petéquias na pele. Dessa maneira, o estudo tem por objetivo avaliar o perfil clínico e epidemiológico de casos de meningite, no Brasil, em pacientes pediátricos, em 10 anos.  Trata-se de um estudo descritivo,retrospectivo e quantitativo realizado através de dados secundários obtidos pelo DATASUS e Sistema de Morbidade Hospitalar (SINAN). As variáveis analisadas foram: ano de notificação, capital de residência, faixa etária, nível de escolaridade, cor/raça, sexo, período gestacional, tipo de dengue,  critério de confirmação, evolução e hospitalização. Com relação à faixa etária, considerou indivíduos menores de 1 ano a 14 anos.  A faixa etária mais prevalente é a de crianças pré escolares entre 1 a 4 anos de idade (34,02%), do sexo masculino (59%) , brancas (48,89%), residentes do Estado de São Paulo (40%), apresentando confirmação de diagnóstico majoritamente por exame quimiocitológico do líquor. Ademais, nota-se que a etiologia mais prevalente é a viral. Desse modo,  a realização de investigações adicionais sobre a prevalência da meningite na população brasileira é crucial para o desenvolvimento de políticas públicas destinadas à prevenção e controle da doença

Análise da eficácia do uso terapêutico da trimetazidina nas principais síndromes coronarianas agudas

A injúria de reperfusão, ou isquemia, é um mecanismo fisiopatológico que ocorre nas etiopatogenias do miocárdio, como na angina instável. Assim, são utilizados fármacos adjuvantes citoprotetores, como a trimetazidina (TMZ), que visam à diminuição do tempo de hospitalização e melhora na função cardíaca com ação profilática contra essa lesão. No entanto, apesar dos seus potenciais benefícios no tratamento da síndrome coronariana aguda, ainda não está clara a sua eficácia em relação a outras terapias disponíveis. Nesse sentido, o objetivo do estudo é analisar a eficácia do uso terapêutico da trimetazidina nas principais síndromes coronarianas agudas. Foi realizada uma revisão sistemática usando as bases de dados PubMed, Cochrane Library e Embase. Um total de 3 estudos foi incluído na análise. Os resultados mostraram que a terapia com trimetazidina reduziu significativamente a incidência de eventos cardíacos adversos maiores (ECAM) (OR = 0,33, IC 95% 0,15-0,75, p = 0,007), menor dano miocárdico (p < 0,05) e fração de ejeção ventricular esquerda mais elevada e menos eventos adversos em comparação com o grupo placebo (p < 0,05). Não foram observadas diferenças significativas entre os grupos de trimetazidina e controle em termos de mortalidade por todas as causas, mortalidade cardiovascular ou incidência de eventos adversos. Os resultados deste estudo sugerem que a terapia adjuvante com trimetazidina pode melhorar os resultados clínicos e a função cardíaca em pacientes com IAM sem aumentar o risco de eventos adversos. No entanto, são necessários mais ensaios clínicos randomizados em larga escala para confirmar esses resultados e determinar a duração e dose ideais da terapia com trimetazidina nessa população de pacientes

Seminário de Dissertação (2024)

Página da disciplina de Seminário de Dissertação (MPPP, UFPE, 2022) Lista de participantes == https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1mrULe1y04yPxHUBaF50jhaM1OY8QYJ3zva4N4yvm198/edit#gid=

Genomic epidemiology reveals how restriction measures shaped the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic in Brazil

Abstract Brazil has experienced some of the highest numbers of COVID-19 infections and deaths globally and made Latin America a pandemic epicenter from May 2021. Although SARS-CoV-2 established sustained transmission in Brazil early in the pandemic, important gaps remain in our understanding of local virus transmission dynamics. Here, we describe the genomic epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 using near-full genomes sampled from 27 Brazilian states and an adjacent country - Paraguay. We show that the early stage of the pandemic in Brazil was characterised by the co-circulation of multiple viral lineages, linked to multiple importations predominantly from Europe, and subsequently characterized by large local transmission clusters. As the epidemic progressed, the absence of effective restriction measures led to the local emergence and international spread of Variants of Concern (VOC) and under monitoring (VUM), including the Gamma (P.1) and Zeta (P.2) variants. In addition, we provide a preliminary genomic overview of the epidemic in Paraguay, showing evidence of importation from Brazil. These data reinforce the need for the implementation of widespread genomic surveillance in South America as a toolkit for pandemic monitoring and providing a means to follow the real-time spread of emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants with possible implications for public health and immunization strategies

NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES: a data set on carnivore distribution in the Neotropics

Mammalian carnivores are considered a key group in maintaining ecological health and can indicate potential ecological integrity in landscapes where they occur. Carnivores also hold high conservation value and their habitat requirements can guide management and conservation plans. The order Carnivora has 84 species from 8 families in the Neotropical region: Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Otariidae; Phocidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae. Herein, we include published and unpublished data on native terrestrial Neotropical carnivores (Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae). NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES is a publicly available data set that includes 99,605 data entries from 35,511 unique georeferenced coordinates. Detection/non-detection and quantitative data were obtained from 1818 to 2018 by researchers, governmental agencies, non-governmental organizations, and private consultants. Data were collected using several methods including camera trapping, museum collections, roadkill, line transect, and opportunistic records. Literature (peer-reviewed and grey literature) from Portuguese, Spanish and English were incorporated in this compilation. Most of the data set consists of detection data entries (n = 79,343; 79.7%) but also includes non-detection data (n = 20,262; 20.3%). Of those, 43.3% also include count data (n = 43,151). The information available in NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES will contribute to macroecological, ecological, and conservation questions in multiple spatio-temporal perspectives. As carnivores play key roles in trophic interactions, a better understanding of their distribution and habitat requirements are essential to establish conservation management plans and safeguard the future ecological health of Neotropical ecosystems. Our data paper, combined with other large-scale data sets, has great potential to clarify species distribution and related ecological processes within the Neotropics. There are no copyright restrictions and no restriction for using data from this data paper, as long as the data paper is cited as the source of the information used. We also request that users inform us of how they intend to use the data

NEOTROPICAL ALIEN MAMMALS: a data set of occurrence and abundance of alien mammals in the Neotropics

Biological invasion is one of the main threats to native biodiversity. For a species to become invasive, it must be voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into a nonnative habitat. Mammals were among first taxa to be introduced worldwide for game, meat, and labor, yet the number of species introduced in the Neotropics remains unknown. In this data set, we make available occurrence and abundance data on mammal species that (1) transposed a geographical barrier and (2) were voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into the Neotropics. Our data set is composed of 73,738 historical and current georeferenced records on alien mammal species of which around 96% correspond to occurrence data on 77 species belonging to eight orders and 26 families. Data cover 26 continental countries in the Neotropics, ranging from Mexico and its frontier regions (southern Florida and coastal-central Florida in the southeast United States) to Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay, and the 13 countries of Caribbean islands. Our data set also includes neotropical species (e.g., Callithrix sp., Myocastor coypus, Nasua nasua) considered alien in particular areas of Neotropics. The most numerous species in terms of records are from Bos sp. (n = 37,782), Sus scrofa (n = 6,730), and Canis familiaris (n = 10,084); 17 species were represented by only one record (e.g., Syncerus caffer, Cervus timorensis, Cervus unicolor, Canis latrans). Primates have the highest number of species in the data set (n = 20 species), partly because of uncertainties regarding taxonomic identification of the genera Callithrix, which includes the species Callithrix aurita, Callithrix flaviceps, Callithrix geoffroyi, Callithrix jacchus, Callithrix kuhlii, Callithrix penicillata, and their hybrids. This unique data set will be a valuable source of information on invasion risk assessments, biodiversity redistribution and conservation-related research. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this data paper when using the data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us on how they are using the data

NEOTROPICAL XENARTHRANS: a data set of occurrence of xenarthran species in the Neotropics

Xenarthrans—anteaters, sloths, and armadillos—have essential functions for ecosystem maintenance, such as insect control and nutrient cycling, playing key roles as ecosystem engineers. Because of habitat loss and fragmentation, hunting pressure, and conflicts with domestic dogs, these species have been threatened locally, regionally, or even across their full distribution ranges. The Neotropics harbor 21 species of armadillos, 10 anteaters, and 6 sloths. Our data set includes the families Chlamyphoridae (13), Dasypodidae (7), Myrmecophagidae (3), Bradypodidae (4), and Megalonychidae (2). We have no occurrence data on Dasypus pilosus (Dasypodidae). Regarding Cyclopedidae, until recently, only one species was recognized, but new genetic studies have revealed that the group is represented by seven species. In this data paper, we compiled a total of 42,528 records of 31 species, represented by occurrence and quantitative data, totaling 24,847 unique georeferenced records. The geographic range is from the southern United States, Mexico, and Caribbean countries at the northern portion of the Neotropics, to the austral distribution in Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay. Regarding anteaters, Myrmecophaga tridactyla has the most records (n = 5,941), and Cyclopes sp. have the fewest (n = 240). The armadillo species with the most data is Dasypus novemcinctus (n = 11,588), and the fewest data are recorded for Calyptophractus retusus (n = 33). With regard to sloth species, Bradypus variegatus has the most records (n = 962), and Bradypus pygmaeus has the fewest (n = 12). Our main objective with Neotropical Xenarthrans is to make occurrence and quantitative data available to facilitate more ecological research, particularly if we integrate the xenarthran data with other data sets of Neotropical Series that will become available very soon (i.e., Neotropical Carnivores, Neotropical Invasive Mammals, and Neotropical Hunters and Dogs). Therefore, studies on trophic cascades, hunting pressure, habitat loss, fragmentation effects, species invasion, and climate change effects will be possible with the Neotropical Xenarthrans data set. Please cite this data paper when using its data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us of how they are using these data