Determinantes do crédito bancário brasileiro: uma abordagem VAR para o período de 2000 a 2016

Este trabalho teve como objetivo principal analisar os principais determinantes da concessão de crédito bancário ao setor privado no Brasil, para o período compreendido de 2000 até 2016. Para tanto, foi adotada a metodologia de séries temporais, sendo estimados modelos VAR, bem como os impulsos resposta. Os principais achados empíricos apontam para a influência positiva do PIB e do crédito defasado sobre o volume de operações de crédito. Além desses, depósitos, inflação, juros e do risco Brasil impactam negativamente os empréstimos. Foi possível verificar ainda que o tempo de ajustamento ao choque isolado em cada variável determinante varia, de forma que o impulso nos depósitos se mostrou como o de mais rápido. O risco Brasil, por outro lado, apresentou o mais lento. Por fim, ao se realizar a decomposição do crédito quanto aos seus determinantes foi possível concluir que as variáveis que se mostraram com as maiores parcelas foram o PIB e os depósitos domésticos

An empirical analysis of the relationship between bank credit and economic growth

This paper tests the hypothesis that bank credit is necessary for economic growth, depending on the country's level of economic and financial development. It also seeks to verify whether the relationship between financial development and economic growth is monotonic. For this, Granger's causality methodology is used for panel data, with data from 106 countries for the period between 1970 and 2016. It is observed that there was an expansion of world credit above the economic growth observed over the studied period. The main empirical findings indicate that, in general, credit causes economic growth and vice versa, in addition to verifying the non-monotonicity of the relationship between financial development and economic growth, so that, for very low credit / GDP indices, the causality of the credit to GDP is not verified

Determinants of South American bank credit: An approach to panel data

The objective of this paper is to analyze the determinants of the domestic banking credit in the South American countries, based on panel data, for the period 2000 to 2016. The results indicate that domestic deposits and liabilities to non-residents contribute positively to the growth of private credit, with domestic funding having a more representative impact than foreign funding. Economic growth leads to a greater demand for credit and an increase in credit, while higher domestic and US interest rates reduce credit growth. Rising inflation also negatively affect private sector credit. In addition, as regards credit composition, domestic deposits and economic growth are the main components of credit expansion, and, in turn, inflation and domestic interest rates contribute negatively

Determinants of South American bank credit: An approach to panel data

The objective of this paper is to analyze the determinants of the domestic banking credit in the South American countries, based on panel data, for the period 2000 to 2016. The results indicate that domestic deposits and liabilities to non-residents contribute positively to the growth of private credit, with domestic funding having a more representative impact than foreign funding. Economic growth leads to a greater demand for credit and an increase in credit, while higher domestic and US interest rates reduce credit growth. Rising inflation also negatively affect private sector credit. In addition, as regards credit composition, domestic deposits and economic growth are the main components of credit expansion, and, in turn, inflation and domestic interest rates contribute negatively

Determinants of South American bank credit: An approach to panel data

This paper aims to analyze the determinants of the domestic banking credit in South American countries, based on panel data, over the period from 2000 to 2016. The results indicate that domestic deposits and liabilities to non-residents contribute positively to the growth of private credit, with domestic funding showing a more representative impact than foreign funding. Economic growth leads to a greater demand for credit and an increase in credit, while higher domestic and US interest rates reduce credit growth. Rising infl ation also negatively affects the private sector credit. Furthermore, regarding the credit composition, domestic deposits and economic growth are the main components of credit expansion and, in turn, infl ation and domestic interest rates contribute negatively.Este trabajo analizó los determinantes del crédito bancario doméstico en los países de América del Sur, con base en datos en panel, para el período de 2000 a 2016. Los resultados indican que los depósitos domésticos y las obligaciones con no residentes contribuyen positivamente al crecimiento del crédito privado. El crecimiento económico eleva la demanda de crédito y tiene como consecuencia el aumento del volumen de crédito, mientras que mayores tasas de interés, doméstica y norteamericana, reducen el crecimiento del crédito. La infl ación también afecta de forma negativa al crédito del sector privado. Además, en cuanto a la composición del crédito, los depósitos domésticos y el crecimiento económico son los principales componentes de la expansión del crédito. La infl ación y tasa de interés doméstica contribuyen negativament

Brazilian Flora 2020: Leveraging the power of a collaborative scientific network

International audienceThe shortage of reliable primary taxonomic data limits the description of biological taxa and the understanding of biodiversity patterns and processes, complicating biogeographical, ecological, and evolutionary studies. This deficit creates a significant taxonomic impediment to biodiversity research and conservation planning. The taxonomic impediment and the biodiversity crisis are widely recognized, highlighting the urgent need for reliable taxonomic data. Over the past decade, numerous countries worldwide have devoted considerable effort to Target 1 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC), which called for the preparation of a working list of all known plant species by 2010 and an online world Flora by 2020. Brazil is a megadiverse country, home to more of the world's known plant species than any other country. Despite that, Flora Brasiliensis, concluded in 1906, was the last comprehensive treatment of the Brazilian flora. The lack of accurate estimates of the number of species of algae, fungi, and plants occurring in Brazil contributes to the prevailing taxonomic impediment and delays progress towards the GSPC targets. Over the past 12 years, a legion of taxonomists motivated to meet Target 1 of the GSPC, worked together to gather and integrate knowledge on the algal, plant, and fungal diversity of Brazil. Overall, a team of about 980 taxonomists joined efforts in a highly collaborative project that used cybertaxonomy to prepare an updated Flora of Brazil, showing the power of scientific collaboration to reach ambitious goals. This paper presents an overview of the Brazilian Flora 2020 and provides taxonomic and spatial updates on the algae, fungi, and plants found in one of the world's most biodiverse countries. We further identify collection gaps and summarize future goals that extend beyond 2020. Our results show that Brazil is home to 46,975 native species of algae, fungi, and plants, of which 19,669 are endemic to the country. The data compiled to date suggests that the Atlantic Rainforest might be the most diverse Brazilian domain for all plant groups except gymnosperms, which are most diverse in the Amazon. However, scientific knowledge of Brazilian diversity is still unequally distributed, with the Atlantic Rainforest and the Cerrado being the most intensively sampled and studied biomes in the country. In times of “scientific reductionism”, with botanical and mycological sciences suffering pervasive depreciation in recent decades, the first online Flora of Brazil 2020 significantly enhanced the quality and quantity of taxonomic data available for algae, fungi, and plants from Brazil. This project also made all the information freely available online, providing a firm foundation for future research and for the management, conservation, and sustainable use of the Brazilian funga and flora

Growing knowledge: an overview of Seed Plant diversity in Brazil

Abstract An updated inventory of Brazilian seed plants is presented and offers important insights into the country's biodiversity. This work started in 2010, with the publication of the Plants and Fungi Catalogue, and has been updated since by more than 430 specialists working online. Brazil is home to 32,086 native Angiosperms and 23 native Gymnosperms, showing an increase of 3% in its species richness in relation to 2010. The Amazon Rainforest is the richest Brazilian biome for Gymnosperms, while the Atlantic Rainforest is the richest one for Angiosperms. There was a considerable increment in the number of species and endemism rates for biomes, except for the Amazon that showed a decrease of 2.5% of recorded endemics. However, well over half of Brazillian seed plant species (57.4%) is endemic to this territory. The proportion of life-forms varies among different biomes: trees are more expressive in the Amazon and Atlantic Rainforest biomes while herbs predominate in the Pampa, and lianas are more expressive in the Amazon, Atlantic Rainforest, and Pantanal. This compilation serves not only to quantify Brazilian biodiversity, but also to highlight areas where there information is lacking and to provide a framework for the challenge faced in conserving Brazil's unique and diverse flora