DEMOCRATIZAÇÃO DA JUSTIÇA A PARTIR DO FORTALECIMENTO DA COMUNIDADE

O presente artigo se propõe apresentar um novo modelo de justiça - a justiça comunitária, por meio da análise sistêmica, à luz da teoria da complexidade e dos conceitos de capital social. Pode-se dizer que a justiça comunitária surgiu docolapso do direito moderno e da necessidade de uma justiça mais próxima da sociedade e do povo, que a representa majoritariamente. A justiça comunitária busca construir meios para promoção de uma justiça preventiva para que aspessoas possam exercitar a autogestão, prática fundamental da cidadania e do desenvolvimento sustentável local. A efetivação desse modelo de justiça se dá por meio da emancipação social local e representada por agentes comunitários locais. A proposta desse modelo é, também, conseguir a democratização da justiça, articulando políticas sóciojurídicas que viabilizem direitos sociais e que respondam as demandas sociais locais, por meio da construção de redes sociais.

New records of the Brazilian Anthomyiidae (Diptera) and a checklist of species from Palmas Grasslands Wildlife Refuge

The Anthomyiidae (Insecta, Diptera) include 1,941 species in 53 genera that are found in a wide range of habitats (forests, cities, agricultural fields). Herein, the anthomyiid fauna of the Atlantic Forest of Palmas (south of the state of Paraná) was surveyed using Malaise traps at altitudes higher than 1,000 meters. The collection of these flies was conducted in Palmas Grasslands Wildlife Refuge (PGWR) that is a full protection conservation unit (CU) surrounded by degraded areas and with high levels of endemism. A total of 12 species of anthomyiid flies (42.3% of Brazilian species) and 7 genera (58.3% of Brazilian genera) were identified, including 9 new records to Paraná (Anthomyia plurinervis (Albuquerque, 1958), A. xanthopyga (Albuquerque, 1959), Calythea comis (Stein, 1911), Coenosopsia ferrari Nihei & de Carvalho, 2004, Emmesomyia auricollis (Stein, 1918), E. sobria (Albuquerque & Couri, 1981), Leucophora maculipennis (Albuquerque, 1953), Pegomya bruchi (Shannon & Del Pont, 1926) and P. poeciloptera Malloch, 1921). Also, we examined some specimens deposited in the Department of Zoology, Universidade Federal do Paraná, the Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, and the Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo in order to update species’ distribution, leading to a new record for Rio Grande do Sul (Pegomya poeciloptera Malloch, 1921) and 3 new records for Santa Catarina (Anthomyia pluripunctata (Albuquerque, 1959), Calythea comis (Stein, 1911), Leucophora maculipennis (Albuquerque, 1953)). A key to the local genera and diagnoses of species are provided

Comportamento em condições de campo de cafeeiros (Coffea arabica L.) propagados vegetativamente e por semeadura

Cutting is an alternative method for vegetative propagation of Coffea arabica L. hybrids for commercial purpose. However, the use of such method requires the understanding of the plant growth characteristics under filed conditions. Thus, the objective of the present study was to evaluate and compare the vegetative growth and first yield of Coffea arabica cv. Acaiá plants obtained by cuttings and with seed propagated plants. The experiment was installed in the year 2003 and carried out in the Department of Agriculture at Federal University of Lavras-UFLA. For cutting propagation, stems were treated with three concentrations (0, 2000 e 4000 mg.L-1) of Indol butiric acid (AIB), in the presence or absence of supplemental warming. The development and growth of the cuttings were compared to the plantlets obtained by traditional seed propagation. A randomized blocks design, with six plants per plot, considering four useful plants and three replications was used. The vegetative growth, height, and yield of the plants of coffee obtained from cutting and treated with 2000 mg.L-1 AIB, were significantly greater than those not treated. Also, the production of plagiotropic branches by the plants originated from cuttings was greater than those originated from seeds.A propagação vegetativa por meio do enraizamento de estacas é uma alternativa para a propagação de híbridos de Coffea arabica L. em escala comercial. Entretanto, para a utilização da propagação via enraizamento de estacas, é necessário o conhecimento das características de crescimento das plantas no campo. Assim, objetivou-se neste trabalho avaliar o crescimento vegetativo e a primeira produção de plantas de Coffea arabica cv. Acaiá, provenientes de estaquia, bem como compará-las com plantas provenientes de semeadura. O experimento foi instalado em 2003 no Departamento de Agricultura da Universidade Federal de Lavras – UFLA. Foram utilizadas mudas provenientes de estaquia, tratadas na fase de enraizamento com ácido indol–butírico (AIB), nas concentrações de (0, 2000 e 4000 mg.L-1) com e sem aquecimento no leito de enraizamento. Como tratamento adicional, foram utilizadas mudas provenientes de semeadura. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados, com três repetições e parcelas de seis plantas, sendo quatro plantas úteis. Avaliações do crescimento vegetativo e da produção possibilitaram concluir que plantas provenientes de estaquia, tratadas com AIB, apresentaram maior altura e produção em relação às não-tratadas. Observou-se maior número de pares de ramos plagiotrópicos e produção das plantas provenientes de estaquia em relação às plantas provenientes de semeadura

Chlorophyll-based coloring extracts obtained from biowaste

The growing consumers‘ concern about the possible long-term adverse effects of artificial molecules commonly used in the food industry has led to an increased interest in natural products. At the same time, there is a demand for a more eco-sustainable use of natural matrices, which justifies the search for by-products that have no other application to be explored in the development of new food products [1,2]. In this context, the present study aimed to explore natural pigments, more specifically chlorophylls, from carrot and tomato aerial part biowaste for the development of food dyes as they are the most abundant pigments in plants and have several bioactive properties. In this work, maceration extraction, ME, and ultrasound assisted extraction, USE, techniques were applied to lyophilized aerial parts of biowaste to maximize the yield of chlorophyll extraction. For the extraction processes, priority was given to green solvents, namely water, ethanol (90%), and hexane. The parameters that affect the recovery of pigments were varied for each technique, more specifically the time, ultrasonic power, and solvent for USE, and the time and solvent for ME. The extractions were performed protecting the samples from light and the results were monitored through the implementation of a new chromatographic method, HPLC coupled to a diode array detector (DAD) and mass spectrometry (MS), in order to determine the concentration of chlorophylls and the best procedure to be performed. Both aerial parts presented chlorophylls and derivatives in significant concentrations and extraction yields of up to 88% for the ethanol extracts. The chromatographic method applied proved to be adequate for the analysis of this class of pigments, allowing a good resolution and peak separation, but also a characteristic TIC spectrum for the tentative identification of compounds. Therefore, the results of the present study can be exploited for the development of chlorophyll-based dyes from these biowaste, but also from similar by-productsThe authors are grateful to the Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT, Portugal) for financial support through national funds FCT/MCTES to CIMO (UIDB/00690/2020). National funding by FCT, P.I., through the institutional scientific employment program-contract for C. Pereira, M.I. Dias, and L. Barros contracts and A.K. Molina PhD grant (2020.06231.BD). To FEDER-Interreg España-Portugal programme for financial support through the project TRANSCoLAB 0612_TRANS_CO_LAB_2_P; to the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) through the Regional Operational Program North 2020, within the scope of Project Mobilizador Norte-01-0247-FEDER-024479: ValorNaturalinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Antioxidants for Preventing Preeclampsia: A Systematic Review

Objective. To investigate the efficacy of antioxidants for preventing preeclampsia and other maternal and fetal complications among pregnant women with low, moderate, or high risk of preeclampsia. Methods. We searched MEDLINE, Embase, CENTRAL, mRCT, and other databases, with no language or publication restrictions. Two independent reviewers selected randomized controlled trials that evaluated the use of antioxidants versus placebo and extracted the relevant data. Relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated. The data were compiled through the random effects model. Main Results. Fifteen studies were included (21,012 women and 21,647 fetuses). No statistically significant difference was found between women who received antioxidant treatment and women who received placebo for preeclampsia (RR  = 0.92; 95% CI: 0.82–1.04), severe preeclampsia (RR  = 1.03; 95% CI: 0.87–1.22), preterm birth (RR  = 1.03; 95% CI: 0.94–1.14), and small for gestational age <10th centile (RR  = 0.92; 95% CI: 0.80–1.05). Side effects were numerically more frequent in the antioxidants group compared to placebo, but without significant statistical difference (RR  = 1.24; 95% CI: 0.85–1.80). Conclusions. The available evidence reviewed does not support the use of antioxidants during pregnancy for the prevention of preeclampsia and other outcomes

Produções artísticas ao ar livre: pinturas e modelagens pelas mãos das crianças

This study is the result of the Research and Internship discipline: Early Childhood Education, which had as an internship proposal to build a context of experience to be carried out outdoors. Based on the proposal, we built the context “Artistic productions in the open air: paintings and modeling by children's hands,” which aimed to promote children's participation in a free way; explore various materials offered in the space and develop children's authorship and aesthetic training. The work with art in Early Childhood Education promotes, through multiple languages, authorship and expression of babies and children. The internship was carried out as a research in an early childhood education institution, in the city of Guanambi-Bahia, which serves classes from the 1st to the 4th period. It was divided into three moments: classroom discussions, &nbsp;observation &nbsp;and &nbsp;intervention. The internship as a &nbsp;research gave &nbsp;us &nbsp;the &nbsp;opportunity &nbsp;to &nbsp;live, &nbsp;play and interact with children, as well as getting to know the educational &nbsp;practices of &nbsp;Early &nbsp;Childhood Education. It was a significant moment of formation, reflection and dialogue between the university and the early childhood education institution. The artistic productions revealed that each child and productions are unique and that they bring a lot of themselves, the context in fact contributed to creativity and imagination.Este estudo é fruto da disciplina de Pesquisa e Estágio: Educação Infantil, que teve como proposta de estágio construir um contexto de experiência a ser realizado ao ar livre. A partir de então,&nbsp; construímos o contexto “Produções artísticas ao ar livre: pinturas e modelagens pelas mãos das crianças,” com o objetivo de promover a participação de maneira livre; explorar diversos materiais oferecidos no espaço e desenvolver a autoria e formação estética das crianças. O trabalho com arte na Educação Infantil promove, por meio das múltiplas linguagens, autoria e expressão dos bebês e crianças. O estágio foi realizado como pesquisa em uma instituição de educação infantil, na cidade de Guanambi-Bahia, que atende turmas do 1° ao 4° período. Foi dividido em três momentos: discussões em sala de aula, observação e intervenção. O estágio como pesquisa nos deu a oportunidade de conviver, brincar e interagir com as crianças, além de conhecer as práticas educativas da Educação Infantil. Foi um momento significativo de formação, reflexão e diálogo entre a universidade e instituição de educação infantil. As produções artísticas revelaram que cada criança e produções são singulares e que trazem muito de si, o contexto de fato contribuiu na criatividade e imaginação

Extraction of chlorophylls from natural sources

The growing consumers’ concern for possible long-term adverse effects of artificial molecules commonly used in food industry has led to an increased interest in natural products. At the same time, there is a demand for a more eco-sustainable use of natural matrices, which justifies the search for byproducts that have no other application to be explored in the development of novel food products [1,2]. In this context, the present study was designed to exploit natural pigments, more specifically chlorophylls, from bioresidues (aerial parts of carrot and tomato) for the development of food colorants. These are the most abundant pigments in plants and present, beyond their great coloring capacity, several bioactive properties, which corroborates the importance of their application in foodstuff. In this work, different extraction methodologies and techniques (maceration, ME, and ultrasound-assisted, USE) were applied to the lyophilized aerial parts of carrot and tomato to maximize the chlorophyll extraction yield. For the extraction, green solvents were prioritized, namely water, ethanol (90%), and hexane. The parameters affecting the pigments recovery were varied for each technique, namely the time, power, and solvent for USE, and the time and solvent for ME. The extractions were performed protecting the samples from light and the results were monitored through the implementation of a new chromatographic method, HPLC coupled to a diode array detector (DAD) and mass spectrometry (MS), to determine the concentration of chlorophylls and the best procedure to be performed. Both aerial parts presented chlorophylls and derivatives in significant concentrations and extraction yields up to 88% for the ethanolic extracts. The applied chromatographic method revealed to be appropriate for the analysis of this class of pigments, allowing a good peak resolution and separation, but also characteristic TIC spectrum for the tentative identification of the compounds. Therefore, the results of the present study can be explored for the development of chlorophyl-based colorants from these bioresidues, but also from similar byproducts.To the Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT, Portugal) for financial support through national funds FCT/MCTES to CIMO (UIDB/00690/2020); National funding by FCT, P.I., through the individual scientific employment program-contract for C. Pereira, M.I. Dias, and L. Barros contracts and A.K. Molina PhD grant (2020.06231.BD). To FEDER-Interreg España-Portugal programme for financial support through the project 0377_Iberphenol_6_E and TRANSCoLAB 0612_TRANS_CO_LAB_2_P; to the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) through the Regional Operational Program North 2020, within the scope of Project Mobilizador Norte-01-0247-FEDER-024479: ValorNatural® and Project GreenHealth - Norte-01-0145-FEDER-000042info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

ENERGY COST DURING WALKING AND RUNNING A SAME DISTANCE IS ASSOCIATED WITH VERTICAL OSCILLATION ON GRAVITY CENTER.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate which factors are involved in energetic cost of running and walking a same distance (2,000 meters). Eight healthy men were submitted to walking (5.5km/h) and running (11Km/h) tests, when oxygen consumption, for energy expenditure of exercise, was monitored, and images of volunteers were recorded for vertical oscillation of gravity center. Both, total oxygen consumption and estimated energetic cost were significantly higher during the running test (

As contribuições da régua de cálculo linear na construção dos saberes e das práticas docentes

No Renascimento, com a expansão do comércio, vender produtos exigia uma resolução mais ágil de cálculos, o que acarretava na utilização de instrumentos matemáticos que facilitavam esses procedimentos. Um deles, bastante disseminado no século XVII, era conhecido como régua de cálculo. Dessa forma, este artigo tem o intuito de apresentar um estudo sobre a régua de cálculo linear, em particular, direcionando as reflexões acerca da construção de saberes e práticas docentes proporcionadas a partir da sua construção e da sua utilização em um curso de extensão universitária. Em relação aos procedimentos metodológicos, a pesquisa se caracteriza conforme a pesquisa-ação, tendo um cunho qualitativo, no qual se apreendem recursos para o desenvolvimento e reflexão para se aprimorar a prática. A partir do curso, foi constatado que os participantes mobilizaram saberes fundamentais para formação da prática docente. Dentre os conhecimentos que surgiram, podemos destacar o conhecimento pedagógico e o da matéria do conteúdo desvelado pelos participantes do curso e percebido por meio da fala dos mesmos. Assim, percebe-se a importância desse tipo de abordagem de história e ensino de matemática para a formação de professores