Genetic variability in subsamples of determinate growth lima bean

Lima bean, a highly important legume, serves as a source of protein, reducing nutritional dependency on meat and otherbeans, especially for needy populations. This crop, with production concentrated in the Northeast of Brazil, has been the subject ofvery few studies, considering the evaluation of varieties predominantly with indeterminate growth habit. The characterization of materialpresenting determinate growth, an agronomically important characteristic, may subsidize breeding programs. We characterizesubsamples of determinate growth lima bean in morpho-agronomic terms and estimate genetic divergence. We identified pairs ofdivergent and complementary genotypes for crosses. The genotypes were grouped in six and five groups in regard to the Tocher andUPGMA methods, respectively, for the quantitative traits. For the qualitative traits, three groups were formed. Analyses of canonicalvariables identified traits related to production of importance for variability. The study shows the importance of characterization ofnew genotypes for conservation and future utilization

A lima bean core collection based on molecular markers

Some germplasm collections have a high number of accessions, which makes it difficult to explore the genetic variability present in the germplasm bank due to the redundancy and the difficulty of detailed analysis of all conserved accessions. Therefore, our study aimed to analyze the genetic diversity of 153 lima bean (Phaseolus lunatus) accessions for the purpose of constructing a core collection. Eleven SSRs were used for this purpose. The 153 lima bean accessions can be represented by low redundancy using a minimum of 34 accessions, thus representing 22 % of the size of the entire germplasm bank. The core collection had a higher Shannon diversity index and expected heterozygosity (1.906 and 0.811, respectively) than those presented by the entire germplasm bank (1.605 and 0.713, respectively), indicating a higher polymorphism of the representative cultivars in relation to the entire collection. The accessions selected for the core collection may be used in future studies of genome association as well as in genetic crosses in breeding programs aimed at developing improved cultivars with high genetic diversity which can meet current and future market needs

Resistance of Lima Bean (Phaseolus lunatus L.) to the Red Spider Mite Tetranychus neocaledonicus (Acari: Tetranychidae)

The red spider mite, Tetranychus neocaledonicus (Acari: Tetranychidae) can be an important pest on lima bean (Phaseolus lunatus L.). Thus, the objective of this work was to assess the antibiosis and antixenosis effects of lima bean genotypes on T. neocaledonicus, through the evaluation of performance parameters as well as the host preference for food and oviposition. Nine lima bean genotypes from the Active Bank of Germplasm of the Federal University of Piauí – BGP / UFPI were screened. To assess antibiosis parameters, eggs of T. neocaledonicus were individually placed on leaf disks of each genotype. The period and survival of the different stages of development (larvae, protonymph, deutonymph and adult), pre-oviposition, oviposition and post-oviposition period, longevity and fecundity of females were evaluated, and fertility life table parameters were calculated. In choice tests, adult females of T. neocaledonicus were used. The numbers of mites and eggs were counted for each genotype. The protonymph, egg-adult, longevity and oviposition period, fertility life table parameters, as well as the food and oviposition preference were affected by lima bean genotypes. We found that some genotypes reduced adult female longevity, increased the larval and egg-adult period, decreased oviposition period, negatively affected the fertility life table parameters, reducing the net reproductive rate (Ro), the intrinsic rate of increase (rm) and the finite rate of increase (λ), while increasing the population doubling time (DT), exhibiting a reliable antibiosis effect upon T. neocaledonicus. Nevertheless, these same genotypes were the most preferred for food and oviposition. By contrast, some other genotypes reduced the adult female longevity and oviposition period, elongated the larval period and affected fertility life table parameters, demonstrating an antibiosis effect upon T. neocaledonicus. Moreover, these other genotypes were among the less preferred for food and oviposition, exhibiting an additional antixenosis effect. Thus, our results demonstrate that the genotypes of lima bean may present distinct levels of resistance to T. neocaledonicus, and this resistance may be an important tool for Integrated Pest Management. This is one of the first studies aiming to describe mite resistance sources in lima bean

Yield adaptability and stability of semi‑prostrate cowpea genotypes

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a adaptabilidade e a estabilidade produtiva de genótipos de feijão‑caupi (Vigna unguiculata) de porte semiprostrado. Foram avaliados 20 genótipos de feijão‑caupi com uso do modelo de efeitos aditivos principais e interação multiplicativa (AMMI) com genótipo e ambiente suplementares. Os ensaios foram conduzidos em nove ambientes (Balsas, MA, 2010; Balsas, MA, 2011; Bom Jesus, PI, 2010; Bom Jesus, PI, 2011; São Raimundo das Mangabeiras, MA, 2010; São Raimundo das Mangabeiras, MA, 2011; São João do Piauí, PI, 2011; Campo Grande do Piauí, PI, 2011; Buriti, MA, 2011), da região Meio‑Norte do Brasil, em delineamento de blocos ao acaso, com 20 tratamentos e quatro repetições. Os efeitos de genótipos, ambientes e da interação genótipo x ambiente foram significativos. Os genótipos diferiram quanto à adaptabilidade e à estabilidade da produtividade. A linhagem MNC03‑736F‑2 apresentou genes para adaptabilidade e estabilidade produtiva. Entre as cultivares avaliadas, BR 17‑Gurguéia e Pingo‑de‑Ouro‑1‑2 são as mais previsíveis, e a BRS Xiquexique é a mais adaptada. Entre os locais de teste, Balsas, MA, é o mais adequado para a seleção de genótipos superiores em adaptabilidade e estabilidade produtiva.The objective of this work was to evaluate the yield adaptability and stability of semi‑prostrate cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) genotypes. Twenty cowpea genotypes were evaluated using the additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) model with supplementary genotype and environment. The trials were carried out in nine environments (Balsas, MA, 2010; Balsas, MA, 2011; Bom Jesus, PI, 2010; Bom Jesus, PI, 2011; São Raimundo das Mangabeiras, MA, 2010; São Raimundo das Mangabeiras, MA, 2011; São João do Piauí, PI, 2011; Campo Grande do Piauí, PI, 2011; Buriti, MA, 2011) of the Mid‑North region of Brazil in a randomized complete block design with 20 treatments and four replicates. The effects of genotypes, environments, and genotype x environment interaction were significant. Genotypes differed as to yield adaptability and stability. The line MNC03‑736F‑2 presented genes for yield adaptability and stability. Among the evaluated genotypes, BR 17‑Gurguéia and Pingo‑de‑Ouro‑1‑2 are the most predictable, and BRS Xiquexique is the most adapted. Among the test sites, Balsas, MA is the most appropriate for selection of genotypes superior for yield adaptability and stability

AVALIAÇÃO DE COMPONENTES DE PRODUTIVIDADE DE GRÃOS EM SUB-AMOSTRAS DE FEIJÃO-FAVA DE CRESCIMENTO DETERMINADO

Objetivou-se avaliar sub-amostras de feijão-fava com relação aos componentes de produtividade, visando à seleção de genótipos com características desejáveis para serem inseridos em programas de melhoramento genético. Os resultados demonstraram que a sub-amostra G25137 destacou-se em relação a todos os caracteres avaliados e que as sub-amostras G25165, G25137 e G26200 foram as mais produtivas. O número de dias para maturação apresentou maior contribuição para a divergência genética entre as sub-amostras de feijão-fava

Controle genético do comprimento do pedúnculo em feijão-caupi

The objective of this work was to investigate the genetic control of peduncle length in cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.). A short peduncle cowpea line (TVx-5058-09C) was crossed with a long peduncle line (TR 96-282-22G). The parents and the F1, F2, RC1 (P1xF1), and RC2 (P2xF1) generations were evaluated in randomized block design with four replications. Genotypic, phenotypic, environmental, additive, and dominance variances for peduncle length were determined. Narrow and broad sense heritability, the degree of dominance, and the minimum number of genes determining peduncle length were estimated. The additive-dominant model was adequate to explain the observed variation. The additive gene effect was the most important in controlling peduncle length, which appeared to be controlled by five genes.O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar o controle genético do caráter comprimento do pedúnculo em feijão-caupi (Vigna unguiculata). Para isso, foi realizado um cruzamento entre os parentais TVx-5058-09C, de pedúnculo curto, e TE96-282-22G, de pedúnculo longo. Os parentais e as gerações F1, F2, RC1 (P1xF1) e RC2 (P2xF1) foram avaliados em delineamento de blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições. Foram estimados: variâncias fenotípica, genotípica, ambiental, aditiva e de dominância; herdabilidades no sentido amplo e restrito; grau médio de dominância e número mínimo de genes que determinam o caráter. O modelo aditivo-dominante foi adequado para explicar a variação observada. O efeito gênico aditivo foi o mais importante no controle do comprimento do pedúnculo, que é, aparentemente, controlado por cinco genes

Aspectos botânicos, fitoquímicos e nutricionais do araticum (Annona coriacea Mart.): uma revisão

Annona coriacea é uma árvore frutífera nativa do Cerrado brasileiro que apresenta propriedades nutricionais e farmacológicas. Essa planta possui uma longa história de uso tradicional, sendo utilizada desde a antiguidade pela medicina popular para o tratamento de várias condições patológicas. A compreensão de suas composição química e atividades biológicas fornece a base para apoiar futuras pesquisas e aplicações dessa planta no desenvolvimento de novos produtos alimentícios, agrícolas e farmacêuticos. Nesse sentido, esta revisão busca unir as informações disponíveis sobre a fitoquímica, os usos tradicionais, e as atividades biológicas e nutricionais de A. coriacea. As folhas, sementes, flores e frutos têm demonstrado uma ampla gama de compostos bioativos e apresentam atividades antioxidantes, anti-inflamatórias, antitumorais, analgésicas, antimicrobianas, antiparasitárias e inseticidas. Portanto, essas descobertas demonstram que as folhas, frutos, flores e sementes podem ser utilizados como alimentos funcionais ou como fonte para a obtenção de compostos bioativos para aplicações em alimentos, cosméticos e fármacos

THE INTERNATIONAL CLASSIFICATION OF PUBLIC HEALTH NURSING PRACTICES - CIPESC (R): A PEDAGOGICAL TOOL FOR EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDIES

The CIPESC (R) is a tool that informs the work of nurses in Public Health and assists in prioritizing their care in practice, management and research. It is also a powerful pedagogical instrument for the qualification of nurses within the Brazilian healthcare system. In the teaching of infectious diseases, using the CIPESC (R) assists in analyzing the interventions by encouraging clinical and epidemiological thinking regarding the health-illness process. With the purpose in mind of developing resources for teaching undergraduate nursing students and encouraging reflection regarding the process of nursing work, this article presents an experimental application of CIPESC (R), using meningococcal meningitis as an example

Aerobic exercise training enhances the in vivo cholesterol trafficking from macrophages to the liver independently of changes in the expression of genes involved in lipid flux in macrophages and aorta

Abstract\ud \ud Background\ud Regular exercise prevents and regresses atherosclerosis by improving lipid metabolism and antioxidant defenses. Exercise ameliorates the reverse cholesterol transport (RCT), an antiatherogenic system that drives cholesterol from arterial macrophages to the liver for excretion into bile and feces. In this study we analyzed the role of aerobic exercise on the in vivo RCT and expression of genes and proteins involved in lipid flux and inflammation in peritoneal macrophages, aortic arch and liver from wild type mice.\ud \ud \ud Methods\ud Twelve-week-old male mice were divided into sedentary and trained groups. Exercise training was performed in a treadmill (15 m/min, 30 min/day, 5 days/week). Plasma lipids were determined by enzymatic methods and lipoprotein profile by fast protein liquid chromatography. After intraperitoneal injection of J774-macrophages the RCT was assessed by measuring the recovery of 3H-cholesterol in plasma, feces and liver. The expression of liver receptors was determined by immunoblot, macrophages and aortic mRNAs by qRT-PCR. 14C-cholesterol efflux mediated by apo A-I and HDL2 and the uptake of 3H-cholesteryl oleoyl ether (3H-COE)-acetylated-LDL were determined in macrophages isolated from sedentary and trained animals 48 h after the last exercise session.\ud \ud \ud Results\ud Body weight, plasma lipids, lipoprotein profile, glucose and blood pressure were not modified by exercise training. A greater amount of 3H-cholesterol was recovered in plasma (24 h and 48 h) and liver (48 h) from trained animals in comparison to sedentary. No difference was found in 3H-cholesterol excreted in feces between trained and sedentary mice. The hepatic expression of scavenger receptor class B type I (SR-BI) and LDL receptor (B-E) was enhanced by exercise. We observed 2.8 and 1.7 fold rise, respectively, in LXR and Cyp7a mRNA in the liver of trained as compared to sedentary mice. Macrophage and aortic expression of genes involved in lipid efflux was not systematically changed by physical exercise. In agreement, 14C-cholestrol efflux and uptake of 3H-COE-acetylated-LDL by macrophages was similar between sedentary and trained animals.\ud \ud \ud Conclusion\ud Aerobic exercise in vivo accelerates the traffic of cholesterol from macrophages to the liver contributing to prevention and regression of atherosclerosis, independently of changes in macrophage and aorta gene expression.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo - FAPESP 12/04831-1 to MP, UFM and MLCCG; FAPESP 07/50387-8 to MP, 2011/15153-1 to PR, 06/52702-5 to DDFMRocco, 13/02854-7 to LS\ud Okuda, 12/19112-0 to AML, 10/50108-4 to GC, 12/18724-2 to KS, 11/04631-0 to DJG, 09/53412-9 to RS Pinto; 12/12088-7 to RTI, 14/07155 to GFConselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (158314/\ud 2014-0 to DJG