Efeito da suplementação láctea sobre o crescimento e sobrevivência de cordeiros Santa Inês

Objetivou-se com este experimento avaliar os efeitos de métodos alternativos de suplementação de cordeiros em aleitamento sobre seu desempenho e sobrevivência. Foram utilizados 84 cordeiros Santa Inês, 50 % machos e 50 % fêmeas, de partos simples e gemelares. Os animais foram divididos em três tratamentos: A (controle), B (200 mL de leite de vaca/animal/dia) e C (200 mL de leite de vaca, mais 20g de mistura múltipla/animal/dia). O experimento se inciou às três semanas de idade dos cordeiros e terminou ao desmame (2 meses). O peso dos ovinos ao desmame (PD) foi 10,90, 13,20 e 13,59 kg, para os tratamentos A, B e C respectivamente, e o ganho médio diário (GMD) foi de 126, 163 e 168 g/animal/dia, respectivamente. A taxa de mortalidade foi maior (P< 0,05) no grupo A em relação aos grupos B e C. O sexo dos animais influenciou significativaente (P<0,05) o GMD e PD. GMD e PD foram menores para os ovinos que morreram em comparação aos que sobreviveram: 7,94 kg contra 13,51 kg e 77 g contra 165g, respectivamente. Os gêmeos apresentaram GMD e PD menores (P<0,05) que os de parto simples. A suplementação com ou sem a mistura múltipla se mostrou eficiente, podendo aumentar a produtividade do sistema de produção.The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effect of alternative methods of feeding on the performance and mortality rate of suckling lambs. Eighty-four Santa Inês lambs, twins and singles, half male and half female, were used. The animals were divided into three groups: A (control), B (bovine milk) and C (bovine milk plus Multi-mixture). The experiment began when lambs were three weeks old and finished at weaning at 2 months of age. Each animal from group B received 200 mL of bovine milk daily; group C received 200 mL of bovine milk plus 20g of Multi-mixture daily. Weaning Weight (WW) was 10.90, 13.20 and 13.59 kg, respectively for groups A, B and C. Daily Weight Gain (DWG) was 126, 163 and 168 g.day-1 respectively. The mortality rate was higher (p<0.05) in group A than in group B and C. Gender influenced significantly (p<0.05) the DWG and WW. DWG and WW were lower for the animals that died compared to the animals that survived: 7.94 kg against 13.51 kg (WW) and 77 g against 165 g (DWG) respectively. The twins had lower (P<0.05) WW and DWG when compared to the singles. The use of milk-replacers with or without Multi-mixture is effective and it can increase the productivity of the system

Inibições do desembainhamento de larvas infectantes e da eclodibilidade do nematoide Haemonchus contortus com extratos de plantas taniníferas

The aim of this work was to assess the bioactivity of extracts of the tannin-rich plants Acacia mearnsii, Myracrodruon urundeuva, Caesalpinea bracteosa and Leucaena leucocephala against egg and infective larvae stages of Haemonchus contortus. Two in vitro assays were held: an Egg Hatch Assay (EHA) and a Larval Exsheathment Inhibition Assay (LEIA). The EHA consists of the incubation of previously recovered eggs from infected animal\'s faeces in a solution of plant extract for 24 hours and later differentiation between larvae and nonhatched eggs. The concentrations used were 50.00, 25.00, 12.50, 6.25, 3.12, 1.56, 0.78 and 0.39 mg/mL for A. mearnsii; 1.56, 0.78, 0.39, 0.19, 0.09 and 0.04 mg/mL for M. urundeuva; 6.25, 3.12, 1.56, 0.78, 0.39 and 019 mg/mL for C. bracteosa; and 6.25, 3.12 and 1.56 mg/mL for L. leucocephala. The LEIA consists in the artificial exsheathment of infective larvae, obtained by previous coproculture, after a three hour incubation period with plant extract solution in the concentrations 1,200, 600, 300 and 150 \'mü\'g/mL. The 50 and 99 lethal doses (LD) were calculated for both tests. A dose-dependent effect was found in the two tests, except for L. leucocephala in EHA, where it was not possible to calculate DL50 and DL99 with the chosen doses. The DL50 results for EHA were 0.18, 0.32, and 7.20 mg/mL and for DL99 were 4.31, 5.41, and 187.26 mg/mL, respectively for M. urundeuva, C. bracteosa, and A. mearnsii. For LEIA, the DL50 were 0.40, 0.52, 1.24, and 2.24 mg/mL and for DL99 these were 2.37, 2.28, 19.99 and 2.53 x 103 mg/mL respectively for M. urundeuva, A. mearnsii, L. leucocephala and C. bracteosa. The two highest concentrations of A. mearnsii and the three highest for C. bracteosa were effective (more than 90% of bioactivity); the three highest concentrations of M. urundeuva and the 0.78 mg/mL level of C. bracteosa were moderately effective (between 80 and 90% of bioactivity); the concentrations with low effectiveness (between 60 and 80% of bioactivity) were the 12.50 mg/mL (A. mearnsii), 0.19 mg/mL (M. urundeuva), and 0.39 mg/mL (C. bracteosa); all other concentrations were ineffective (less than 60% of bioactivity). For the LEIA, only the highest dose from A. mearnsii and M. urundeuva were effective; the 600 \'mü\'g/mL were moderately effective and all other doses were ineffective. It should be observed that even if the dose is ineffective against exsheathment, some concentrations were able to significantly delay the process. It was observed that the extracts had bioactivity in vitro within the chosen doses against the hatchability of eggs and exsheathment of larvae of H. contortus, except for L. leucocephala, which was not able to block the hatching of eggsObjetivou-se com o presente trabalho verificar a bioatividade dos extratos das plantas taniníferas Acacia mearnsii, Myracrodruon urundeuva, Caesalpinea bracteosa e Leucaena leucocephala contra os estágios de ovo e de larva L3 infectante de Haemonchus contortus. Para isso, dois ensaios in vitro foram realizados: o Teste da inibição da eclodibilidade dos ovos (TIEO) e o teste da Inibição do desembainhamento larvar (TIDL). O TIEO consiste na incubação de ovos recém recuperados das fezes de animais infectados em solução liquida de extrato de planta por 24 horas e posterior diferenciação entre larvas e ovos não eclodidos. As concentrações utilizadas para A. mearnsii foram de 50,00, 25,00, 12,50, 6,25, 3,12, 1,56, 0,78 e 0,39 mg/mL; 1,56, 0,78, 0,39, 0,19, 0,09 e 0,04 mg/mL para M. urundeuva; 6,25, 3,12, 1,56, 0,78, 0,39 e 0,19 mg/mL para C. bracteosa; e 6,25, 3,12 e 1,56 mg/mL para L. leucocephala. O TIDL consiste no desembainhamento artificial de larvas infectantes, obtidas através de coprocultura, que passaram por período de incubação de três horas em solução liquida de extratos de plantas nas concentrações 1.200, 600, 300 e 150 \'mü\'g/mL. As doses letais (DL) 50 e 99 foram calculadas para ambos testes. Um efeito dose-dependente foi encontrado para os dois testes, exceto para a L. leucocephala no TIEO, onde não foi possível calcular o valor da DL50 e DL99 para o respectivo teste nas doses escolhidas. Os resultados da DL50 para TIEO foram de 0,18, 0,32 e 7,20 mg/mL e da DL99 foram de 4,31, 5,41 e 187,26 mg/mL respectivamente para M. urundeuva, C. bracteosa e A. mearnsii. Para o TIDL, a DL50 foi de 0,40, 0,52, 1,24 e 2,24 mg/mL e da DL99 foi de 2,37, 2,28, 19,99 e 2,53 x 103 mg/mL respectivamente para M. urundeuva, A. mearnsii, L. leucocephala e C. bracteosa. Para o TIEO, as duas maiores concentrações de A. mearnsii e as três maiores de C. bracteosa foram efetivas (mais de 90% de bioatividade); as três maiores concentrações de M. urundeuva e a 0,78 mg/mL de C. bracteosa foram moderadamente efetivas (entre 80 e 90% de bioatividade); as concentrações de pouca efetividade (entre 60 e 80% de bioatividade) foram a 12,50 mg/mL (A. mearnsii), 0,19 mg/mL (M. urundeuva), e 0,39 mg/mL (C. bracteosa); as demais concentrações foram consideradas ineficientes (menos de 60% de bioatividade). Para o TIDL, apenas a maior concentração de A. mearnsii e M. urundeuva foram efetivas; a concentração de 600 \'mü\'g/mL de M. urundeuva foi moderadamente efetiva; todas as outras concentrações foram ineficientes. Entretanto, deve-se observar que apesar de ineficientes em bloquear o desembainhamento, algumas concentrações atrasaram significativamente o desembainhamento das larvas, sendo esse um resultado de interesse. Assim, foi observado que os extratos, excetuando o extrato de L. leucocephala quanto a eclodibilidade, possuem bioatividade in vitro nas doses utilizadas contra a eclosão dos ovos e contra o desembainhamento das larvas de H. contortu

Effect of supplementary milk feeding on growth and survival of Santa Inês lambs

The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effect of alternative methods of feeding on the performance and mortality rate of suckling lambs. Eighty-four Santa Inês lambs, twins and singles, half male and half female, were used. The animals were divided into three groups: A (control), B (bovine milk) and C (bovine milk plus Multi-mixture). The experiment began when lambs were three weeks old and finished at weaning at 2 months of age. Each animal from group B received 200 mL of bovine milk daily; group C received 200 mL of bovine milk plus 20g of Multi-mixture daily. Weaning Weight (WW) was 10.90, 13.20 and 13.59 kg, respectively for groups A, B and C. Daily Weight Gain (DWG) was 126, 163 and 168 g.day-1 respectively. The mortality rate was higher (p<0.05) in group A than in group B and C. Gender influenced significantly (p<0.05) the DWG and WW. DWG and WW were lower for the animals that died compared to the animals that survived: 7.94 kg against 13.51 kg (WW) and 77 g against 165 g (DWG) respectively. The twins had lower (P<0.05) WW and DWG when compared to the singles. The use of milk-replacers with or without Multi-mixture is effective and it can increase the productivity of the system.Objetivou-se com este experimento avaliar os efeitos de métodos alternativos de suplementação de cordeiros em aleitamento sobre seu desempenho e sobrevivência. Foram utilizados 84 cordeiros Santa Inês, 50 % machos e 50 % fêmeas, de partos simples e gemelares. Os animais foram divididos em três tratamentos: A (controle), B (200 mL de leite de vaca/animal/dia) e C (200 mL de leite de vaca, mais 20g de mistura múltipla/animal/dia). O experimento se inciou às três semanas de idade dos cordeiros e terminou ao desmame (2 meses). O peso dos ovinos ao desmame (PD) foi 10,90, 13,20 e 13,59 kg, para os tratamentos A, B e C respectivamente, e o ganho médio diário (GMD) foi de 126, 163 e 168 g/animal/dia, respectivamente. A taxa de mortalidade foi maior (P< 0,05) no grupo A em relação aos grupos B e C. O sexo dos animais influenciou significativaente (P<0,05) o GMD e PD. GMD e PD foram menores para os ovinos que morreram em comparação aos que sobreviveram: 7,94 kg contra 13,51 kg e 77 g contra 165g, respectivamente. Os gêmeos apresentaram GMD e PD menores (P<0,05) que os de parto simples. A suplementação com ou sem a mistura múltipla se mostrou eficiente, podendo aumentar a produtividade do sistema de produção.Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq

Effect of alternate and simultaneous grazing on endoparasite infection in sheep and cattle

This experiment was carried out on 8 ha of Panicum maximum cv. Tanzania pastures, with rotational grazing consisting of 7 days of occupation and 21 days of rest. Four treatments were evaluated: cattle grazing alone (BOV), sheep grazing alone (OVI), cattle and sheep grazing simultaneously (SIM) and cattle grazing followed by sheep (alternate - ALT). Twenty heifers and 30 male Santa Inês lambs were used. Fecal egg count (FEC) and fecal cultures were carried out. Blood was also collected to examine red and white cell series, total plasma protein (TPP), albumin and hemoglobin. FEC and estimated nematode pathogenicity index in sheep were lower in the SIM treatment. The Haemonchus spp. proportion was higher in isolated grazing systems. For sheep, mixed grazing was shown to reduce endoparasite infection, and SIM was better than ALT. For cattle, no difference between grazing systems was seen. Therefore, simultaneous grazing (sheep and cattle) may be a tool for reducing the need for anthelmintic treatments in sheep

Effect of alternate and simultaneous grazing on endoparasite infection in sheep and cattle

O experimento foi realizado em 8ha de pasto de Panicum maximum cv. Tanzania, com pastejo rotacionado de 7 dias de ocupação e 21 dias de descanso. Quatro tratamentos foram avaliados: bovinos pastejando isoladamente (BOV), ovinos pastejando isoladamente (OVI), bovinos e ovinos pastejando simultaneamente (SIM), e bovinos pastejando previamente aos ovinos (alternado - ALT). Vinte novilhas e 30 cordeiros Santa Inês foram utilizados. Contagem de ovos nas fezes (FEC) e coproculturas foram realizados. Sangue também foi colhido para examinar a série vermelha e branca, proteínas plasmáticas totais (TPP), albumina e hemoglobina. FEC e índice de patogenicidade estimada de nematoides nos ovinos foram menores no tratamento SIM. A proporção de Haemonchus spp. foi maior nos sistemas isolados de pastejo. Para os ovinos, os sistemas consorciados apresentaram redução na infecção endoparasitária, sendo SIM melhor que ALT. Para os bovinos, nenhuma diferença entre os sistemas de pastejo foi verificado. Entretanto, o pastejo simultâneo (ovinos e bovinos) pode ser uma ferramenta para reduzir a necessidade de tratamentos anti-helmínticos em ovinos.This experiment was carried out on 8 ha of Panicum maximum cv. Tanzania pastures, with rotational grazing consisting of 7 days of occupation and 21 days of rest. Four treatments were evaluated: cattle grazing alone (BOV), sheep grazing alone (OVI), cattle and sheep grazing simultaneously (SIM) and cattle grazing followed by sheep (alternate - ALT). Twenty heifers and 30 male Santa Inês lambs were used. Fecal egg count (FEC) and fecal cultures were carried out. Blood was also collected to examine red and white cell series, total plasma protein (TPP), albumin and hemoglobin. FEC and estimated nematode pathogenicity index in sheep were lower in the SIM treatment. The Haemonchus spp. proportion was higher in isolated grazing systems. For sheep, mixed grazing was shown to reduce endoparasite infection, and SIM was better than ALT. For cattle, no difference between grazing systems was seen. Therefore, simultaneous grazing (sheep and cattle) may be a tool for reducing the need for anthelmintic treatments in sheep.Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq

Combining discovery and targeted proteomics reveals a prognostic signature in oral cancer

Different regions of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) have particular histopathological and molecular characteristics limiting the standard tumor-node-metastasis prognosis classification. Therefore, defining biological signatures that allow assessing the prognostic outcomes for OSCC patients would be of great clinical significance. Using histopathology-guided discovery proteomics, we analyze neoplastic islands and stroma from the invasive tumor front (ITF) and inner tumor to identify differentially expressed proteins. Potential signature proteins are prioritized and further investigated by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and targeted proteomics. IHC indicates low expression of cystatin-B in neoplastic islands from the ITF as an independent marker for local recurrence. Targeted proteomics analysis of the prioritized proteins in saliva, combined with machine-learning methods, highlights a peptide-based signature as the most powerful predictor to distinguish patients with and without lymph node metastasis. In summary, we identify a robust signature, which may enhance prognostic decisions in OSCC and better guide treatment to reduce tumor recurrence or lymph node metastasis.Peer reviewe

Impunidade no Brasil: Colônia e Império

A IMPUNIDADE está no centro do debate político brasileiro. Um olhar retrospectivo para a história do Brasil, tendo como referência a aplicação da pena de morte para delitos comuns (em contraposição a delitos políticos, militares e religiosos), a partir de documentos legais e do relato de historiadores, cronistas e viajantes, mostra que a impunidade sempre esteve na ordem do dia. A despeito da violência repressiva, marcante em diversos momentos, a ausência de efetividade do direito penal tal como escrito, seja pela prática do perdão, seja pela falta de vontade política, seja pela dificuldade de meios, é uma constante nos períodos colonial e imperial.<br>IMPUNITY is at the core of the Brazilian political debate. A retrospective look at legal documents and accounts by historians, travelers and chroniclers for references to the application of the death penalty for common crimes (as opposed to political, military and religious offenses) shows that impunity has always been the order of the day in the history of Brazil. Despite the repressive violence, evident at several moments, a constant feature of both Colonial and Imperial periods was the ineffectiveness of the penal law as it was written, made so either by the granting of pardons, the lack of political will or by practical impediments