Quadrature-variances in high-harmonics generation

We analyse the quadrature variance of high harmonic photons, using a simplified quantum optical model associated with high-harmonic generation (HHG) in the case of an elementary quantum source, modelled with a two-level atom. Assuming classical excitation, we find weak, oscillating (anti-)squeezing in the scattered radiation, with the variance-spectrum following similar evolution to the photon-number spectrum. Investigating the phase-relations, we conclude that the squeezed states of each mode are {most of the time{ close to being amplitude-squeezed, and squeezed states appear periodically within each attosecond pulse. We have also defined an approximate single noise-ellipse based on the collective field, and its analysis shows that it is anti-squeezed.Comment: 7 pages, 3 figure

Az ötféle jószág terminológiája a mongol nyelvekben

The traditional lifestyle of the Mongols is nomadic pastoralism, in which livestock are herded to seek fresh pastures on which to graze. These animals are often referred to as the “five animals” or “five kinds of livestock” in Mongolian. These are the horse, the camel, the horned cattle, the sheep, and the goat. The vocabulary of these animals has several unique linguistic and cultural features. Each of them has a specific term according to their age and sex. For the pastors, it is important to express accurately the age and the sex for the breeding and selection. Besides that, the terminology of domestic animals in Mongolic has a large number of Turkic loanwords, which show a significant linguistic and cultural influence. The author will attempt to show the terminology of the five animals and highlight their appearance in the different Modern Mongolic languages and their origin

Effect of international trade relations on agri-food trade

Nowadays, production of goods increases hugely all over the world, resulting an enormous increasing in international trade. Trade in industrial goods grows at a large rate due to trade liberalization, while agriculture is one of the most vulnerable sectors all over the world. However, barriers of agri-food trade were reduced or eliminated; there are still many obstacles to the totally free trade of agricultural products (e.g. restrictions, safeguards, bans, limitations, etc), especially in the European Union. Besides the WTO’s liberalization pressure and its multilateral negotiations, there are a lot of countries that have signed bilateral agreements. In this study, it was examined, what kind of bilateral agreements were entered into force by the EU and how was international agri-food trade influenced by these bilateral agreements as well as by restrict measures. For this, secondary data were analyzed by different statistical methods and the effect of trade measures was characterized by using this results. From the results it can be concluded that EU has preferred different agreements with the various country groups as well as EU has applied different kind of agreements in different eras. The EU’s average growth rate of food trade and average share of food trade is highly variable by partner countries. Bilateral agreements have not always caused trade growth between the two partner regions. The EU’s restrict measurements effect the EU’s foreign trade, because these restrictions are applied to meat products and these commodities are imported the less in the EU

Investigation of farmers’ markets from the sales side

Farmers’ market may solve many problems concerning long-distance transport. In this sales form, physical distance is reduced between the producer and the consumer, furthermore personal relationships and trust can be also established between these two actors. In addition, it provides small producers with the opportunity for producing and selling local, high-quality foods, and consumers are able to enjoy delicious, mostly local organic food products. Farmers’ market is an increasingly popular sales channel in Hungary. While in 2010 there were 100, in 2014 there were around 200 farmers’ markets, in 2017 their number increased to more than 250. The National Rural Development Program also encourages the sale of local products in this form. In this paper, a questionnaire survey was conducted with producers in the largest farmers' markets of the Transdanubian Region in Hungary, which was used to analyse the farmers’ market features of the region

Underlying causes of global food price changes

There is a significant increase in food prices all over the world. Rate of annual increases in prices of all kinds of food is more than 100 percent. However, this can lead to long-term food crisis. The research aims to find out the factors that contribute to a large increase in food prices, as well as to predict the likely consequences of food price increases. Then potential solutions related to specific problems should be highlighted.  In this study several factors were determined, which were contributed to central (global food price increase) and general problems. These problems were separated by cause and consequences, they were structured and ordered hierarchically. Through outline the problems it can be improved that in global market of foods both demand and supply are influenced by many factors. The most important factors affected demand are: increase of population and urban population all over the world and increase of income level and internal migration in emerging countries. Supply is influenced by the following factors: a decrease in the yield of agricultural crops, low level of productivity in agricultural sector, as well as reduction in food crops production area because of unfavourable weather and increased production of biofuels. Most of general and specific factors, which affect food price increase, are related to each other causally but there are also separate factors. The most effective solution to the problem is increasing of agricultural productivity at the same time investments into agricultural researches and rural infrastructure

DER ENTWURF SCHWINGUNGSISOLIERTER AUFSTELLUNG VON MASCHINEN

The trend of the technical development tends to the production of machines with higher output and speed and at the same time with lower specific mass. This development demands the investigation of new dynamic problems, because the effect of dynamic forces acting on the environment during the work of machines are not negligible. In the case of rotating machines the dynamic load of the surrounding may be decreased radically by means of active vibration isolation. The active vibration isolation can be solved by supporting machines with springs. The authors developed a computer method for the calculation of vibration isolation

Cost-income analysis of horse keeping enterprises in the Szigetköz region

Proper and economical horse keeping is influenced by many factors. Calculating the costs of horse keeping, one should take into account the specific needs of the horse (mainly concerning the keeping technology and feeding). However, probable costs and income are also influenced by the form of utilization and by the working mode of the animals. Cost-effectiveness is determined by the relation between costs and income. In this study costs and potential income related to horse keeping were examined at several horse farms in the Szigetköz region. The study definitely shows that labour cost is the major cost of horse keeping, which is followed by feeding cost, then cost of veterinarian and the other costs category

Content of mineral- and sulphur compounds in Hungarian and French garlic varieties

In our days about 2 million tons of garlic are grown in the world. Garlic was used as medicine already in ancient Egypt. It containsapprox 33 sulfur compounds, several enzymes, 17 amino acids and minerals. We determined the content of diallyl sulfone, boron, calcium,copper, iron, potassium, magnesium, natrium, phosphorus and zinc in fi ve garlic varieties (3 French, 2 Hungarian). We searched if there weresigniffi cant differences between the varieties