Pengaruh Pemberian Pamflet Terhadap Tingkat Pengetahuan Ibu Hamil Mengenai Inisiasi Menyusu Dini

Latar Belakang : Angka kematian bayi merupakan salah satu indikator derajat kesehatan masyarakat. Berdasarkan data SDKI pada tahun 2007 ditemukan angka kematian bayi di Indonesia sebesar 35 per 1.000 kelahiran hidup. IkatanDokter Anak Indonesia (IDAI) mencatat tidak kurang dari 10 bayi dan 20 anak Balita meninggal dunia setiap jam di Indonesia.Angka Kematian bayi yang tinggi ini dikarenakan beberapa faktor seperti sepsis dan hipotermi.Tujuan : Mengetahui apakah indikasi pemberian digoksin kepada pasien gagal jantung yang berobat jalan di RSUP dr. kariadi Semarang sudah sesuai dengan pedoman pengobatan gagal jantung yang digunakan secara Internasional.Metode : Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental. Data penelitian berupa data primer yang didapatkan melalui kuesioner oleh ibu hamil dengan usia kehamilan lebih atau sama dengan 28 minggu yang memeriksakan kehamilannya di Puskesmas Ngesrep dan Halmahera pada bulan Maret-Juni 2012. Data dikumpulkan dengan metode consecutive sampling. Data dideskripsikan dalam bentuk tabel dan gambar. Analisis data dilakukan dengan menggunakan SPSS dengan uji t berbeda pasangan dengan alternative Mann Whitney.Hasil : Terdapat perbedaan tingkat pengetahuan yang bermakna pada ibu hamil yang diberi pamflet dan yang tidak diberi pamflet (p = 0,023).Kesimpulan : Pamflet mengenai Inisiasi Menyusu Dini berpengaruh meningkatkan pengetahuan subjek

Peran Pemerintah Desa dalam Meningkatkan Pendapatan di Desa Bolangitang Satu Kecamatan Bolang Itang Kabupaten Bolaang Mongondow Utara

Otonomi desa sebagaimana yang diamanatkan dalam Undang-Undang Tentangdesa telah memberikan kewenangan kepada desa untuk mengelola keuangan desadengan dana yang diberikan baik yang berasal dari alokasi dana desa, maupun USAhausahapemerintah desa seperti membentuk badan USAha milik desa.Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui peran pemerintah desa BolangitangSatu dalam meningkatkan pendapatan desa, melalui pembentukan badan USAha milikdesa sesuai dengan peran yaitu peran sebagai suatu kebijakan, yaitu kebijakanpemerintah desa dalam meningkatkan pendapatan desa, peran sebagai strategi, yaitustrategi yang digunakan oleh pemerintah desa untuk mendapatkan dukungan darimasyarakat, danperan sebagai alat komunikasi, yaitudigunakan sebagai instrumen ataualat untuk mendapatkan masukan berupa informasi dalam proses pengambilankeputusan.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa peran pemerintah desa dalam meningkatkanpendapatan desa belum sepenuhnya berhasil, hal ini dapat dibuktikan dengan belumadanya kebijakan dari pemerintah desa secara konkrit yaitu peraturan desa yangmemuat tentang pembentukan badan USAha milik desa sertapengelolaannya yang masihbelum transparan dan akuntabel sehingga belum memberikan kontribusi yang berartibagi peningkatan pendapatan di desa Bolangitang Satu

3D discomfort from vertical and torsional disparities in natural images

The two major aspects of camera misalignment that cause visual discomfort when viewing images on a 3D display are vertical and torsional disparities. While vertical disparities are uniform throughout the image, torsional rotations introduce a range of disparities that depend on the location in the image. The goal of this study was to determine the discomfort ranges for the kinds of natural image that people are likely to take with 3D cameras rather than the artificial line and dot stimuli typically used for laboratory studies. We therefore assessed visual discomfort on a five-point scale from ‘none’ to ‘severe’ for artificial misalignment disparities applied to a set of full-resolution images of indoor scenes. For viewing times of 2 s, discomfort ratings for vertical disparity in both 2D and 3D images rose rapidly toward the discomfort level of 4 (‘severe’) by about 60 arcmin of vertical disparity. Discomfort ratings for torsional disparity in the same image rose only gradually, reaching only the discomfort level of 3 (‘strong’) by about 50 deg of torsional disparity. These data were modeled with a second-order hyperbolic compression function incorporating a term for the basic discomfort of the 3D display in the absence of any misalignments through a Minkowski norm. These fits showed that, at a criterion discomfort level of 2 (‘moderate’), acceptable levels of vertical disparity were about 15 arcmin. The corresponding values for the torsional disparity were about 30 deg of relative orientation

A quick needs assessment of key stakeholder groups on the role of family medicine in Zambia

Background. Zambia is a nation of nine million people, and has too few physicians to meet the country’s health needs. Following the strategy of other sub- Saharan countries, Zambia has developed a training programme in family medicine to help improve the medical competencies of its physician workforce. A needs assessment was undertaken to better understand the landscape into which Zambian family medicine is being placed.Methods. In 2014, a nine-question survey in Likert-scale format was developed, validated, and then delivered to four stakeholder groups: (i) practicing clinical physicians, (ii) the general public, (iii) the University of Zambia’s School of Medicine’s academic faculty and (iv) medical students. The needs assessment was delivered through several different mechanisms: via web-based service, to respondents’ email addresses; in paper form, to population samples of convenience; and verbally, through face-to-face encounters.Results. The number of stakeholders from each group who responded to the needs assessment were: clinical physicians, 27; general public, 15; academic faculty, 14; and medical students, 31. Five of the nine survey statements achieved super-majority consensus, with >66% of stakeholders in each group agreeing. Two additional statements achieved a simple-majority consensus with >50% agreement within each stakeholder group.Conclusion. This survey suggests that there is a broad-based a priori understanding of family medicine in Zambia, and general agreement that its presence would be valuable to Zambia’s healthcare system

The Performance of Polycrystalline and Monocrystalline Solar Modules Under The Climate Conditions of El-Kharga Oasis, New Valley Governorate, Egypt

This research seeks to evaluate the effectiveness of two commercially accessible photovoltaic technologies in the specific desert conditions of El-Kharga Oasis, New Valley Governorate, Egypt. The performance of photovoltaic cells is significantly affected by certain weather factors such as temperature, dust, and clouds. The photovoltaic technologies under investigation include monocrystalline and polycrystalline systems. Data collection was carried out over a period of 12 months in a systematic manner. The study places particular emphasis on analyzing how temperature, cloud cover, and dust impact the performance of PV modules. The results showed that monocrystalline and polycrystalline performed better at high irradiance levels, but they miss operated at lower irradiance levels. The loss of % in power output for polycrystalline and monocrystalline due to cloud cover is 80.503 and 79.240%, respectively. The loss percentage in power output for polycrystalline and monocrystalline due to dust accumulation were 41 and 42%, respectively. The polycrystalline module realized a decrease in open circuit voltage by 0.075 V/oC while monocrystalline showed a reduction of 0.1666 V/oC. The short circuit current increased slightly with temperature increasing by about 0.0082, and 0.0008 A/oC for monocrystalline and polycrystalline, respectively. The monocrystalline had the largest drop in output power at about 0.0704 W/oC while it was 0.0514 W/oC for polycrystalline. It could be concluded that polycrystalline photovoltaic modules are the best choice in hot areas such as El-Kharga Oasis, New Valley Governorate, Egypt since they experience less temperature loss due to their low-temperature coefficient

Prevalence of hypertension and its correlates in Lusaka urban district of Zambia: a population based survey

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Hypertension is a leading cause for ill-health, premature mortality and disability. The objective of the study was to determine the prevalence and associated factors for hypertension in Lusaka, Zambia.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>A cross sectional study was conducted. Odds ratios and their 95% confidence intervals were calculated to assess relationships between hypertension and explanatory variables.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>A total of 1928 individuals participated in the survey, of which 33.0% were males. About a third of the respondents had attained secondary level education (35.8%), and 20.6% of males and 48.6% of females were overweight or obese. The prevalence for hypertension was 34.8% (38.0% of males and 33.3% of females). In multivariate analysis, factors independently associated with hypertension were: age, sex, body mass index, alcohol consumption, sedentary lifestyle, and fasting blood glucose level.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Health education and structural interventions to promote healthier lifestyles should be encouraged taking into account the observed associations of the modifiable risk factors.</p

Efficacy of olocizumab in treatment of COVID-19 patients

Background. Production of pro-inflammatory cytokines including interleukin 6 (IL-6) is activated in COVID-19. Using olokizumab which inhibits IL-6 production in treatment of COVID-19 is pathogenetically justified.The aim. To study in real clinical practice the efficacy and safety of using the IL-6inhibitor (olokizumab) in treatment of patients with confirmed COVID-19 pneumonia.Materials and methods. The first group included 41 hospitalized patients with confirmed COVID-19 pneumonia having complex therapy including olokizumab. The control group consisted of 66 patients with confirmed COVID-19 pneumonia who did not have therapy with IL-6 inhibitor. We analyzed clinical (volume of lung involvement, respiratory failure degree, body mass index) and laboratory data (levels of T-troponin, lactate, procalcitonin, natriuretic peptide, C-reactive protein, fibrinogen, D-dimer, ferritin, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, glomerular filtration rate).Results. The groups did not differ in gender, age, body mass index of patients, volume of lung tissue injury, and duration of hospitalization (p &gt; 0.05). Respiratory failure of 2–3rd degree was more common in patients of the first group (χ2 = 6.3; p = 0.010). The initial levels of C-reactive protein (50.9 [34.2; 76.2] and 32.2 [9.9; 69.1] mg/L respectively; p = 0.009) and fibrinogen (6.0 [5.3; 6.7] and 5.2 [4.3; 6.2] g/l respectively; p = 0.005) in patients having therapy including olokizumab were significantly higher than in the control group. The levels of erythrocyte sedimentation rate, fibrinogen and ferritin, D-dimer, detected upon admission of patients to the hospital, didn’t have statistically significant differences. At discharge, the erythrocyte sedimentation rate in patients receiving olokizumab was statistically significantly lower (9.0 [5.5; 14.5] and 13.0 [7.0; 27.0] mm/h; p = 0.018).Conclusions. Using olokizumab in the treatment patient with COVID-19 pneumonia has demonstrated a positive effect on clinical and laboratory parameters (erythrocyte sedimentation rate, fibrinogen level) in patients with pronounced inflammatory changes and respiratory impairment

Changes in the lipids of frozen chickens

A szerzők fagyasztott, egyes mintáknál előzetesen hőkezelt egyiptomi -csirke zsír- és bőrszövetének összes zsírtartalmát, peroxid-számát, thiobarbitursav-számát és szabad zsírsavtartalmát vizsgálták. A fagyasztást — 20 °C-on végezték, a fagyasztott mintákat — 4 °C-on tárolták. Megállapították, hogy a peroxid-szám, thiobarbitursav-szám, a szabad zsírsav %-os értéke, valamint a lipidtartalom változása a zsír oxidációja és hidrolízise a tárolás során jelentősebben növekedett a hőkezeletlen mintákban, mint a hőkezeitekben. Les auteurs ont étudié, dans des échantillons de poulets d’Egypte, dont quelques-uns avaient subit un traitement thermique préalable, la teneur en graisse totale du tissus adipeux et de la peau, les valeurs de péroxyde et d’acide thiobarbiturique ainsi que la teneur en acides libres. La congélation s’est effectuée ä -2 0 ° C et l ’entreposage des échantillons congelés ä -4 ° С. On a établi que, lors de I’entreposage, les valeurs de péroxyde et d’acide thiobarbiturique, le pourcentage d’acides libres ainsi que les variations de la teneur en lipides, Toxydation et Thydrolyse de la graisse, ont augmenté de tagon plus prononcéc dans les échantillons non traités que dans ceux qui avaient subit un traitement thermique