8 research outputs found

    Das Pariser Opernballett auf den Salzburger Festspielen von 1953 : ein tΓ€nzerischer Umbruch in der Festspielgeschichte oder eine misslungene Tanzdiplomatie?

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    The following paper attempts to show how a singular event of outstanding importance can leave a lasting imprint on strategies and effects of cultural diplomacy in a specific temporal and geographic setting. Within the history of Allied occupation of early post-war Austria, cultural policies deployed by Western Europeans outside of their hard power sphere of influence, i.e. occupation zone, have been long overshadowed by the superpower standoff and, concomitantly, by the politically determined historiography of the early Cold War. Taking the case of the Ballet de l'OpΓ©ra de Paris 1953 guest tour at the Festival of Salzburg, I investigate how this momentous appearance was prepared and negotiated with Austrian and American cultural actors, situated in a particular performative situation of the closing of this year's Festspiele and interpreted by discursively powerful critics in Salzburg and the rest of Austria. Taking the approaches of dance studies, cultural diplomacy and media history, I demonstrate how Lifar's neoclassicism proved to be a touchstone of the conflict between conservatism and modernity, nationalism and transnationality, in which outward deference to an occupation power could not mask the overall rejection of Parisian aesthetic offerings, yet simultaneuously legitimising the troupe as globally relevant cultural actors. Thus, France's dance diplomacy overture was both crowned with success, showcasing French excellence in academic dance, placed itself within several prestige policies and provoked vivid debates, defying the bipolar systems of coordinates readily applied towards Cold War and offering a multidimensional reading of cultural diplomacies' varied power relations, causes and effects

    Russian music at the Metropolitan Opera : repertoire analysis in the socio-cultural context of the US contemporary history

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    Submitted on 06-04-2017. Review date: 04-04-2017. Publication date: 29-01-2018Exploring performances of Russian music at the Metropolitan Opera in New York allows observing the evolutions and paradigmatic changes in American high-brow cultural discourse and analyzing changing structures of repertoire policies and public preferences over the period that covers the entire existence of the Met between 1883 and December 2016. Using the opera’s digital archive, a number of queries on leading Russian composers (Glinka, Tchaikovsky, Mussorgsky, Borodin, Rimsky-Korsakov, Stravinsky, Prokofiev, and Shostakovich) were conducted in order to examine the interrelationship between cultural, political, and musical-historical factors that fed into repertoire dynamics and their reflection in the public space. Within the general operatic context, the Russians could never vie the dominating Italian and German composers. However, Russian authors have consistently taken mid-range positions and their works gained substantial public visibility. Tchaikovsky and Mussorgsky emerged as leaders throughout the period of the inquiry, confirming the thesis of reductionist conservatism of the standard opera repertoire at the Met. Modern composers showed different dynamics, with Stravinsky clearly surpassing the Soviet school due to his public stature, a long period of stay in America, particular position as the doyen of 20th century music, and cultural-political involvement during cold war. Indeed, all important premieres of Prokofiev and Shostakovich fall into the period after 1991, and the critical reactions show the centrality of democracy-totalitarianism binomial in the construction of discourses on contemporary Soviet music. Economic and macro-political factors did not necessarily have a direct impact on opera performances: while the Great Depression years expectedly show an ebbing down of operatic activities, the wartime alliance did not translate in a spike in Russian performances. Favorable economic conjuncture of the post-war period and continuous media expansion of the Met ensured the growing quantity and increasing prominence of Russian works within the New York and American society, available to audiences larger than New York's educated public thanks to Met’s Anglicization policy, performances at various venues at home and abroad, and radio, television, and internet broadcasts. The market made Tchaikovsky’s rule supreme, otherwise leading to partial diversification of Russian repertoire, favored by growing internationalization and public stature of the Met. Overall, the transferred imageries included exoticism, high quality expectations (concomitant with growing musical prestige) and often contradictory perceptions of Russia that went beyond the immediate political agenda and fitted the globalizing patterns of β€œnational” opera repertoire and discourse.ΠŸΡ€Π΅Π΄ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌ исслСдования являСтся Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΠΊΠ° исполнСний ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ русской ΠΌΡƒΠ·Ρ‹ΠΊΠ΅ Π½Π° сцСнС ΠœΠ΅Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ‚Π°Π½-ΠΎΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Ρ‹ Π² Нью-Π™ΠΎΡ€ΠΊΠ΅ ΠΈ Ρ€Π°Π·Π²ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡƒΠ±Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ дискурса рассмотрСнного Ρ‡Π΅Ρ€Π΅Π· ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΡƒ социо-экономичСской истории ΠΈ Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΠΊΠΈ российско- ΠΈ совСтско-амСриканских ΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΎΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π² Π₯Π₯ Π². На протяТСнии Π²Ρ€Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΎΠ΄Π° сущСствования ΠœΠ΅Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ‚Π°Π½-ΠΎΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Ρ‹ (1883-2016 Π³.) анализируСтся история ΠΏΡ€Π΅ΠΌΡŒΠ΅Ρ€, Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Π°, частоты ΠΈ распрСдСлСния прСдставлСний русской ΠΎΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Ρ‹ ΠΈ Π±Π°Π»Π΅Ρ‚Π°, Π° Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΎΡ‚Π·Ρ‹Π²ΠΎΠ² Π²Π΅Π΄ΡƒΡ‰ΠΈΡ… ΠΊΡ€ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ², ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡŽΡ‚ Π²Ρ‹Ρ‡Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ основныС элСмСнты восприятия русской ΠΌΡƒΠ·Ρ‹ΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ конструкции ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·Π° России срСди ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡƒΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΈ Нью-Π™ΠΎΡ€ΠΊΠ°, Π° Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΈΡ… Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Π½ΡΠΌΠΈΡΡΠΈΡŽ Π² Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΡˆΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠΊΠΈΠ΅ слои общСства (ΠΏΡƒΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ Π² Π³Π°Π·Π΅Ρ‚Π°Ρ…, Ρ‚Π΅Π»Π΅-, Ρ€Π°Π΄ΠΈΠΎ- ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Π½Π΅Ρ‚-трансляции Π² новСйшСС врСмя). Π‘ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡ‰ΡŒΡŽ ΠΎΡ†ΠΈΡ„Ρ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Ρ€Ρ…ΠΈΠ²Π° ΠœΠ΅Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ‚Π°Π½-ΠΎΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Ρ‹ проводится количСствСнный Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΠ΅Ρ€ "русского" Ρ€Π΅ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Ρ‚ΡƒΠ°Ρ€Π° ΠΈ ΠΈΡ… контСкстуализация ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π½Π° Ρ„ΠΎΠ½Π΅ ΠΎΠ±Ρ‰Π΅ΠΉ Ρ€Π΅ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Ρ‚ΡƒΠ°Ρ€Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠΊΠΈ, Ρ‚Π°ΠΊ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΡ†ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ-политичСских ΠΈ экономичСских условий основных ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² амСриканской истории Π₯Π₯ Π². Π’ частности Π²Ρ‹Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Ρ‹ Π΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ‹ΠΉ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΎΠ΄, Π² особСнности дСсятилСтиС ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρƒ Π½Π°Ρ‡Π°Π»ΠΎΠΌ Π’Π΅Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠΉ дСпрСссии ΠΈ Π’Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ Π²ΠΎΠΉΠ½Ρ‹, Π³ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹ Π’Π΅Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠΉ отСчСствСнной Π²ΠΎΠΉΠ½Ρ‹ ΠΈ совСтско-амСриканского союза, Π₯ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π²ΠΎΠΉΠ½Ρ‹ ΠΈ новСйший ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΎΠ΄ послС 1991 Π³. Π’Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ удСляСтся ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΎΠ±Ρ‰Π΅ΠΉ статистикС, Ρ‚Π°ΠΊ ΠΈ ΠΎΡ‚Π΄Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΌ ΠΎΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π°ΠΌ Π² ΠΈΡ… стилистичСском ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π΅ ΠΈ общСствСнно-политичСском контСкстС. Π’Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ рассмотрСна Π²Ρ‹Π±ΠΎΡ€ΠΊΠ° критичСских ΠΎΡ‚Π·Ρ‹Π²ΠΎΠ² Π²Π΅Π΄ΡƒΡ‰ΠΈΡ… Турналистов БША ΠΈ, Ρ€Π΅ΠΆΠ΅, Π’Π΅Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ±Ρ€ΠΈΡ‚Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ, ΠΎΠΏΡƒΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π½Π° сайтС, которая ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π²Π΅Ρ€Π³Π½ΡƒΡ‚Π° дискурсивному Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Ρƒ. Новизна исслСдования Π·Π°ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π°Π΅Ρ‚ΡΡ Π² комплСксном Ρ€Π΅ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Ρ‚ΡƒΠ°Ρ€Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΈ дискурсивном Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π΅ с ΡΠΎΡ†ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ-политичСской Ρ‚ΠΎΡ‡ΠΊΠΈ зрСния. ΠžΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ Π²Ρ‹Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ являСтся ясноС Ρ€Π°Π·Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π° Π»ΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ² - Чайковского ΠΈ ΠœΡƒΡΠΎΡ€Π³ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π² классичСской ΠΌΡƒΠ·Ρ‹ΠΊΠ΅ XIX Π²Π΅ΠΊΠ° ΠΈ Бтравинского Π² соврСмСнной акадСмичСской ΠΌΡƒΠ·Ρ‹ΠΊΠ΅. Наряду с Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π°Π½ΠΈΡ‡Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ числа классиков, Π² Ρ‡Ρ‘ΠΌ ΠœΠ΅Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ‚Π°Π½-ΠΎΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π° слСдовала тСндСнциям консСрвативного Ρ€Π΅Π΄ΡƒΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ°, Ρ…Π°Ρ€Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π΅Ρ€Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈ для Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ³ΠΈΡ… ΠΎΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Ρ‚Π΅Π°Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ усилСнного Ρ€Ρ‹Π½ΠΎΡ‡Π½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ тСндСнциями, ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Ρ‰Π°Π΅Ρ‚ Π½Π° сСбя Π²Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ясноС дистанцированиС ΠΎΡ‚ соврСмСнной совСтской ΡˆΠΊΠΎΠ»Ρ‹ Π΄ΠΎ окончания Π₯ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π²ΠΎΠΉΠ½Ρ‹. ΠšΡ€Π°Ρ‚ΠΊΠΎΠ²Ρ€Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ сблиТСниС с БовСтским Боюзом Π² Π³ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹ Π’Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ Π²ΠΎΠΉΠ½Ρ‹, Π½Π°ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ‚ΠΈΠ², Π½Π΅ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΎ ΠΊ ΡƒΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΡŽ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΈ русского Ρ€Π΅ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Ρ‚ΡƒΠ°Ρ€Π°, Π² Ρ‚ΠΎ врСмя ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ экономичСская ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡŠΡŽΠ½ΠΊΡ‚ΡƒΡ€Π° ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Ρ‹Π²Π°Π»Π° прямоС воздСйствиС Π½Π° частоту, Ρ€Π°Π·Π½ΠΎΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ общСствСнный рСзонанс ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ русской ΠΌΡƒΠ·Ρ‹ΠΊΠΈ. Π’ Ρ€Π΅Ρ†Π΅ΠΏΡ†ΠΈΠΈ русских ΠΎΠΏΠ΅Ρ€ ΠΈ дискурсивных ΠΏΡ€Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠΊΠ°Ρ…, конструируСмых Π²ΠΎΠΊΡ€ΡƒΠ³ русского Ρ€Π΅ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Ρ‚ΡƒΠ°Ρ€Π°, ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°ΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ элСмСнты экзотицизма, ΠΊΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚ΡƒΡ€Π½ΠΎΠΉ дистанции, ΠΎΠ΄Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎ Π² Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΆΠ΅ врСмя ΠΈ высокого прСстиТа русской ΠΌΡƒΠ·Ρ‹ΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ связанных с Π½ΠΈΠΌ ΠΎΠΆΠΈΠ΄Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ. Антикоммунизм Π½Π΅ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ²Ρ‘Π» ΠΊ Π½Π΅Π³Π°Ρ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΌΡƒ ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·Ρƒ русской ΠΊΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚ΡƒΡ€Ρ‹, ΠΎΠ΄Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎ ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Ρ‹Π²Π°Π» влияниС Π½Π° восприятиС соврСмСнной ΠΌΡƒΠ·Ρ‹ΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ усиливал ΠΊΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚ΡƒΡ€Π½ΠΎ-политичСскоС дистанцированиС ΠΏΠΎ ΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΎΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡŽ ΠΊ России. БистСмный Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· истории русской ΠΎΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Ρ‹ Π² "ΠœΠ΅Ρ‚" ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Ρ‹Π²Π°Π΅Ρ‚ Π½Π΅Π»ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π°Ρ€Π½Ρ‹ΠΉ Ρ…Π°Ρ€Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ взаимодСйствия с экономичСскими, макрополитичСскими ΠΈ ΡΠΎΡ†ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ Ρ„Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ‚ свСт Π½Π° Ρ…Π°Ρ€Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ ΠΈ Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡƒ общСствСнной дискуссии, Π² ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΎΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊ России ΠΈ Π΅Ρ‘ ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π· ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π»ΠΎΠΌΠ»ΡΠ»ΠΈΡΡŒ Π² ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Π½ΠΎΠΌ Ρ…Π°Ρ€Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π΅Ρ€Π΅ восприятия русской ΠΌΡƒΠ·Ρ‹ΠΊΠΈ. ΠžΠ±ΠΎΠ³Π°Ρ‰Π°Ρ ΡΡƒΡ‰Π΅ΡΡ‚Π²ΡƒΡŽΡ‰Π΅Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚ΡƒΡ€Π½Ρ‹Ρ… трансфСров ΠΈΠ· России Π² Π‘ΠΎΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Ρ‘Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ Π¨Ρ‚Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹, Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ исслСдованиС осущСствляСт ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄ΠΈΡΡ†ΠΈΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ½Π°Ρ€Π½ΡƒΡŽ ΠΈΠ½Ρ‚Π΅Π³Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΡŽ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌ музыковСдчСского Ρ…Π°Ρ€Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π΅Ρ€Π° Π² ΡΠΎΡ†ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΡƒΡŽ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΡ‡Π΅ΡΠΊΡƒΡŽ ΠΈΡΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΡŽ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ прСдставляСт интСрСс для историков Π‘ΠΎΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Ρ‘Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π¨Ρ‚Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ², ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄ΡƒΠ½Π°Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΎΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π² ΡˆΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΈ, Π½Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ Π½Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ°, Π° Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΊΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚ΡƒΡ€Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΈ дискурсивных процСссов

    Tchaikovsky meets Debussy : French and Soviet musical diplomacy in occupied Austria, 1945-1955

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    Defence date: 11 September 2017Examining Board: Professor Federico Romero, EUI; Professor Pieter M. Judson, EUI; Professor Thomas Angerer, UniversitΓ€t Wien; Dr. Barbara Stelzl-Marx, Ludwig-Boltzmann-Institut fΓΌr Kriegsfolgenforschung, GrazTaken in their socio-political context, competitive strategies of using music as a means of asserting individual prestige have seldom been considered by historical research. This dissertation argues that the promotion of their own national music and performers was an important asset for France and the USSR. Unlike the US and the UK, the continental European Allies could claim membership of a common European musical canon, and thus legitimize their presence within Austrian soundscapes and discursive fields. Allied-occupied Austria represents a highly interesting case study, particularly due to the uniquely open forms of competition that took place between different Allies and between East and West, Austria’s complex ideological and cultural history, which stretched from multinational monarchy to Nazism, and the symbolic standing of the country as the land of music, which itself informed Allied musical policies. Drawing on documentation from the Allied administrations, bilateral cultural societies, and native Austrian institutions, the dissertation investigates the design and conduct of musical diplomacies, the agency of the actors involved, and their adaptation to Austrian expectations and reactions. Emphasizing high-brow art music, both France and the USSR supported performances of French and Russian music by Austrian musicians. However, they also launched a number of important guest tours, the reverberations of which extended widely throughout Austrian society, successfully integrating folk music and dance into French and Russian musical offerings. The reception of French and Russian music in Austria is investigated through influential daily newspapers, notably in Vienna, Salzburg, and Innsbruck. Discursive constructions of musical French- and Russianness were marked by BildungsbΓΌrgertum conservatism and nationalism, whereas high-brow elitism established common ground between the French, Soviet and Austrian actors. Pursuing their own agendas, powerful cultural journalists allotted positions of prestige to and critically engaged with French and Soviet/Russian musical exports, notably with diverging modernities. They also diversified the images of the two countries, ascribing to them a series of nationally defined musical categories, existing independently of considerations of hard power and political entanglements. An investigation of these layers of musical transfer and interpretation will contribute to our understanding of the communicative dynamics of cultural diplomacies, multifaceted national imageries, and the nexus between local, national, inter- and transnational histories of music and culture.Chapters 2 β€˜Information and cultural services in the French administration : diplomatie culturelle and its application in occupied Austria' and 4 'Soviet concerts : red artists or old Russia?' of the PhD thesis draw upon an earlier version published as a chapter 'Zur Kulturpolitik der UdSSR in Γ–sterreich 1945 bis 1955 : Musik als ReprΓ€sentationsmittel und ihre Auswirkungen auf ΓΆsterreichische Russlandbilder' (2016) in the book β€˜Γ–sterreich im Kalten Krieg : neue Forschungen im internationalen Kontext’

    Adieu l’Allemagne, bonjour la FranceΒ ?

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    ConΓ§u comme un moyen de rapprochement franco-autrichien, le dΓ©ploiement des musiques et musiciens franΓ§ais en Autriche s’inscrivait dans la politique d’occupation et d’expansion culturelle. Cette diplomatie musicale, partie intΓ©grante de la diplomatie culturelle, visait Γ  crΓ©er un sentiment de communautΓ© avec la France au dΓ©triment du nationalisme germanique, Γ  Γ©tablir une position de prestige dans le pays de la musique et Γ  accumuler un capital symbolique pour la France. MalgrΓ© ses succΓ¨s, la politique franΓ§aise s’est heurtΓ©e aux ambivalences du projet national autrichien entamΓ© sous l’occupation alliΓ©e et aux images de l’autre que les interlocuteurs autrichiens construisaient autour de la France de la musique, comme la chorΓ©graphie Γ  la fois nΓ©oclassique et transnationale promue par Serge Lifar. Γ€ la place d’un exercice du pouvoir unilatΓ©ral, la diplomatie musicale franΓ§aise s’intΓ¨gre ainsi dans un contexte sociopolitique autrichien transformant son message au grΓ© des critiques et publics locaux.Konzipiert als Vehikel der franzΓΆsisch-ΓΆsterreichischen AnnΓ€herung, integrierte sich der Einsatz der franzΓΆsischen Musik und Musiker in Γ–sterreich in die Besatzungspolitik und Kulturexpansion. Die Musikdiplomatie, wichtiger Teil der Kulturdiplomatie, hatte zum Ziel, eine Verbundenheit mit Frankreich in Abgrenzung zum großdeutschen Nationalismus zu schaffen, eine Prestigeposition im sogenannten β€žMusiklandβ€œ zu etablieren sowie ein Symbolkapital fΓΌr Frankreich auszubauen. Trotz ihrer Erfolge stieß die franzΓΆsische Politik an das unter alliierter Besatzung eingeleitete ΓΆsterreichische Nation-Building-Projekt und an fest etablierte Bilder des Anderen, die von ΓΆsterreichischen Akteuren in Bezug auf das musikalische Frankreich konstruiert wurden, etwa die gleichzeitig neoklassische und transnationale Choreographie von Serge Lifar. Statt einseitiger Machtausstrahlung integrierte sich die franzΓΆsische Musikdiplomatie somit in den ΓΆsterreichischen soziopolitischen Kontext, der seine intendierten Auswirkungen im Sinne der lokalen Kritiker und des Publikums umwandelte

    Theatre Policies of Soviet Stalinism and Italian Fascism Compared, 1920–1940s

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    New Onset Tinnitus after High-Frequency Spinal Cord Stimulator Implantation

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    The most common complications of spinal cord stimulation (SCS) therapy are generally related to surgical site infection and hardware malfunction. Less well understood are the adverse neurological effects of this therapy. We present the case of a patient who underwent placement of a Senza HF10 high-frequency spinal cord stimulator with subsequent development of tinnitus, vertigo, intermittent involuntary left facial twitches, and perioral numbness. These symptoms resolved following deactivation of her device. To further explore these less common neurologic complications of SCS therapy, a review of literature and a review of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration Manufacturer and User Facility Device Experience database are included. Further research and investigation in this area are needed so that clinicians and patients may have more complete knowledge and understanding of the potential treatment-limiting complications of spinal cord stimulation
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