Sadoveanu’s Prose in European Context

 Mihail Sadoveanu, the greatest Romanian prose writer of all times, consecrated his work to a single hero: the Romanian people evoked at various times, From the beginnings of the nation to the present day.         Mihail Sadoveanu writes in the era of the great realist novel and the modern novel. He is the creator of the Romanian historical novel, who sees history as a huge scene in which great voivodes move in an epic, legendary and mythical space. The originality of his work lies in the ability to merge with the evoked world, so that a single narrator, the author himself, tells the life of the past and today.           Sadoveanu's heroes are exponents of some categories, types or archetypes, exemplary for humanity through their deeds. Sadoveanu follows the social and historical condition of the individual, describing the present realities and those belonging to history or a past that the documents cannot attest.           What gives charm to the story of Mihail Sadovenu is the mystery that requires to be revealed and that can be reached by discovering his music, the state of balance and the significance of Sadoveanu's silence.            Literary critics have appreciated that the originality of Sadoveanu’s writing lays precisely in its lyricism in the realistic evocation of a living world. Sadoveanu's writings produce that state of steady happiness from enjoying the beauty of nature

The Water Symbolism in the Poem “Memento Mori” by Eminescu

The item is devoted to the research of a philosophical poem by M. Eminescu“Memento mori” in connection with the related artistic and philosophic phenomena of thenational and European literatures. The article analyses the sociohonic poem “Memento mori”which depicts the cyclicity of the human civilizations. The nascence of any civilization has in itsorigin one of the basic elements, among which Water is paid particularly attention to. Theseelements (Earth, Water, Fire) bearing material genesis combined with the Spirit are giving birthto the civilization. In the poem “Panorama of Futility” extremely d iverse appears the imaging ofwater symbols. In this case water, river, sea are integral part of Greece genesis. The image ofWater stands for the symbol of eternity. As another symbolic embodiment for Water river andstream appear often in the work. A symbol of time flowing into eternity in the poem is the riverDanube

Функциональная семантика дискурсивных маркеров устной речи: динамический аспект

This article considers the functional semantic features of the oral speech discourse markers авось, мол, в принципе, вообще, на самом деле, как ни крути in the dynamic aspect. The choice of the subject matter of the research is conditioned by the absence of studies focusing on the functioning of nonsemantic units which have been regulating the discourse behaviour of the participants of a communication act for several historical periods. The attempt to describe different discourse markers within the scope of one study makes it possible to reveal the general tendencies connected with the change in their functional semantics. The authors use methods of linguistic description and content analysis, methods of comparison and quantitative methods. The comparison carried out is meant to reveal the similarities and differences between the contexts in which such discourse markers are used. The analysis of discourse markers is carried out with reference to the Russian National Corpus. The article quotes dictionary definitions of the discourse markers under consideration, indicates their frequency, the purpose of their use at certain times which helps clarify the functional semantics of each marker. The на самом деле discourse marker is compared to the в самом деле marker in order to establish the similarity between the two. The research carried out proves the fact that there may be shifts in the semantic meaning of discourse markers in oral speech which does not happen instantly but gradually. The authors establish the dominant features of the units under considerations and demonstrate changes in their functioning in the Russian language taking into account the changes in the requirements to communication.В статье раскрываются особенности функциональной семантики дискурсивных маркеров устной речи авось, мол, в принципе, вообще, на самом деле, как ни крути в динамическом аспекте. Актуальность темы обусловлена отсутствием в современной русистике работ, посвященных анализу функционирования десемантизированных единиц, которые регулируют дискурсивное поведение участников коммуникативного акта, на протяжении нескольких исторических периодов. Попытка охватить различные дискурсивные маркеры в одном исследовании позволяет выявить общие тенденции, связанные с изменением их функциональной семантики. В исследовании применены методы лингвистического описания и контент-анализа, приемы сравнения и количественных подсчетов. Сравнение производилось с целью обнаружения сходств и различий контекстов употребления дискурсивных маркеров. Использование контент-анализа и приема количественных подсчетов направлено на определение тенденций в функционировании данных единиц. Анализ дискурсивных маркеров произведен на материале Национального корпуса русского языка. В статье приводится словарное значение дискурсивных маркеров, указывается количество употреблений, а также цель их употребления в те или иные временные промежутки, благодаря чему проясняется функциональная семантика каждого маркера. Дискурсивный маркер на самом деле сопоставляется с маркером в самом деле для выяснения степени сходства между ними. В ходе исследования подтверждается мысль о возможных сдвигах в семантике дискурсивных маркеров устной речи, что происходит не единовременно, а постепенно. Впервые определены доминантные признаки рассматриваемых единиц и показаны изменения в их функционировании в русском языке в соответствии с меняющимися требованиями к характеру коммуникации

Первые данные о влиянии экзотического Eisenia ventripapillata (Oligochaeta, Lumbricidae) на катионный состав почв Западной Сибири

We have performed laboratory experiments to determine the impact of earthworms (exotic Eisenia ventripapillata and peregrine Aporrectodea caliginosa) on the water-soluble forms of ammonium, potassium, sodium, magnesium, calcium in Calcic Chernozem, Greyic Phaeozem, and Haplic Chernozem, which are widespread in the south of Western Siberia. The differences between the impacts made by the two above-mentioned species have been estimated according to the changes they make in the initial cation concentrations in soil. For E. ventripapillata, the obtained evidence regarding the influence of this species on soil characteristics is first-ever data. We found that E. ventripapillata and A. caliginosa changed the content of all cations in the soils under this study, but the nature of these changes varied from one soil type to another. In contrast to A. caliginosa, E. ventripapillata reliably increased the content of potassium and calcium ions in Calcic Chernozem. In comparison with the A. caliginosa influence, the E. ventripapillata variants reliably differed in the content of ammonium, potassium, and sodium ions in Greyic Phaeozem. In Haplic Chernozem, the ammonium, magnesium, and sodium ions content in the E. ventripapillata variants was reliably lower than in the A. caliginosa variants. Thus, the observed difference between native and exotic species in the effects on the content of available cations can trigger changes in the mineral nutrition of plants growing in the examined soils

Incorporation and localisation of ganglioside GM3 in human intimal atherosclerotic lesions

AbstractImmunohistochemical examination showed that sections of intimal atherosclerotic plaques contained cells and cell clusters as well as areas of extracellular matrix specifically stained with antibodies against ganglioside GM3. No immunohistochemical staining was observed in areas bordering the plaques where there was no histological evidence of atherosclerosis. To determine whether the ganglioside GM3 deposits in the intimal plaques derived directly from plasma or were synthesised by intimal cells, intimal plaque and plasma LDL were assayed for ganglioside GM3 fatty acid composition. This assay showed that more than 50% of the fatty acids of GM3 isolated from both atherosclerotic and normal intima are either minor fatty acids or those absent from LDL GM3. We conclude that the GM3 deposits present in intimal plaque arise in intimal cells and do not derive from plasma LDL

The Study of Economic Activity of Russian Corporations in Modern Economy

The article discusses the results of the conducted in Russia's economic reforms, the terms “company”, “corporate governance” of their use in the media and in literature, as well as the formation of the idea of the control system adopted by the Corporation, as one of the ways of good governance and the withdrawal of Russian companies out of the crisis. The most urgent tasks in the practical management of corporate property can now be considered: clarifying the structure and composition of corporate ownership, the formalization of the goals, objectives and principles of its functioning, the definition of criteria for management efficiency, which, in turn, require search and study methodological approaches to solving specific economic tasks - evaluation of individual objects of corporate ownership and to determine effective areas of structural development. According to the authors, only the use of complex techniques from different sections of the economy can give the desired economic effect and solve the pressing problem of increasing the effectiveness of the management of corporate property in Russia. In this regard, the work deals with general principles of good governance and analyzed their application for enterprise property management purposes. Keywords: modern economy, Russia, corporate economic governance JEL Classifications: D23, G30, O1

The evolutionary history of Neanderthal and Denisovan Y chromosomes

Ancient DNA has provided new insights into many aspects of human history. However, we lack comprehensive studies of the Y chromosomes of Denisovans and Neanderthals because the majority of specimens that have been sequenced to sufficient coverage are female. Sequencing Y chromosomes from two Denisovans and three Neanderthals shows that the Y chromosomes of Denisovans split around 700 thousand years ago from a lineage shared by Neanderthals and modern human Y chromosomes, which diverged from each other around 370 thousand years ago. The phylogenetic relationships of archaic and modern human Y chromosomes differ from the population relationships inferred from the autosomal genomes and mirror mitochondrial DNA phylogenies, indicating replacement of both the mitochondrial and Y chromosomal gene pools in late Neanderthals. This replacement is plausible if the low effective population size of Neanderthals resulted in an increased genetic load in Neanderthals relative to modern humans.Q.F. was supported by funding from the Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDB26000000) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (91731303, 41925009, 41630102). A.R. was funded by Spanish government (MICINN/ FEDER) (grant number CGL2016-75109-P). The reassessment of the Spy collection by H.R., I.C., and P.S. was supported by the Belgian Science Policy Office (BELSPO 2004-2007, MO/36/0112). M.V.S., M.B.K., and A.P.D. were supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR 17-29-04206). This study was funded by the Max Planck Society and the European Research Council (grant agreement number 694707)

The evolutionary history of Neandertal and Denisovan Y chromosomes

Ancient DNA has allowed the study of various aspects of human history in unprecedented detail. However, because the majority of archaic human specimens preserved well enough for genome sequencing have been female, comprehensive studies of Y chromosomes of Denisovans and Neandertals have not yet been possible. Here we present sequences of the first Denisovan Y chromosomes (Denisova 4 and Denisova 8), as well as the Y chromosomes of three late Neandertals (Spy 94a, Mezmaiskaya 2 and El Sidrón 1253). We find that the Denisovan Y chromosomes split around 700 thousand years ago (kya) from a lineage shared by Neandertal and modern human Y chromosomes, which diverged from each other around 370 kya. The phylogenetic relationships of archaic and modern human Y chromosomes therefore differ from population relationships inferred from their autosomal genomes, and mirror the relationships observed on the level of mitochondrial DNA. This provides strong evidence that gene flow from an early lineage related to modern humans resulted in the replacement of both the mitochondrial and Y chromosomal gene pools in late Neandertals. Although unlikely under neutrality, we show that this replacement is plausible if the low effective population size of Neandertals resulted in an increased genetic load in their Y chromosomes and mitochondrial DNA relative to modern humans.Q.F. was supported by funding from the Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDB26000000), and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (91731303, 41925009,41630102). A.R. was funded by Spanish government (MICINN/FEDER), grant number CGL2016-75109-P. The reassessment of the Spy collection by H.R., I.C. and P.S. was supported by the Belgian Science Policy Office (BELSPO 2004-2007, MO/36/0112). M.S., M.K. and A.D. were supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR 17-29-04206). This study was funded by the Max Planck Society and the European Research Council (grant agreement number 694707).N

European eels and heavy metals from the Mar Menor lagoon (SE Spain)

the levels of lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd) and mercury (Hg), all known to be harmful heavy metals, in European eels from the Mar Menor lagoon were investigated. On the other hand, the dietary selenium (Se) status is highly related to Hg toxicity (Ralston and Raymond, 2010), and the antagonist effect of Se on Hg is well known since many years ago. The molar ratio Se:Hg may provide an accurate index of risk from fish consumption, and the Selenium Health Benefit Value (HBVSe, Ralston et al., 2016) has been recently considered as a good instrument to better understand of the Se available that remains after its interaction with Hg. Thus, due to the importance of factors affecting public health, information regarding Se concentrations, Se:Hg ratio and the HBVSe were also analysed.Heavy metal pollution is related to the fall in European eel (Anguilla anguilla) populations. The Mar Menor lagoon (SE Spain) is home to an endangered population of this species, which is still caught for human consumption. The presence of Pb, Cd and Hg in the livers and muscles and the Se:Hg ratio in muscle of 150 eels from this lagoon were determined. Pb concentrations were higher than those reported from other populations in the world, while Cd and Hg concentrations in the tissues analysed were lower. In terms of food safety, Se concentrations play an important role in sequestering Hg in eels from this lagoon.This work was supported by “Programa de Apoyo a la InvestigaciónVersión del editor2,35