The State and the Ways of Modernization of the Agricultural Landscapes in the Danubian Region of Ukraine

The article deals with the consequences of global climatic changes on the state of Ukrainian Danube region agrolandscapes. The influence of weather climatic conditions on change of water balance of the regional ecological systems was studied by definition of three main indicators: evaporability, deficiency of water consumption and moistening coefficient. Experimental information was given according to supervision of Danube Hydrometeorological Observatory (Izmail, Ukraine). In comparison with the statistics of weather conditions for 1961-1990 and 1991-2000 the climatic situation in 2001-2012 testifies to significant increase in an evaporability (19, 5 %) and deficiency of water consumption of the soil (41, 9 %). As a result some changes of agrolandscapes were noticed in the region, connected with mass emergence of weeds, which are atypical for the region: Ambrosia artemisifolia L. Lactuca tatarica L, Anisantha tectorum Nevski, Cyclachaena Xantifolia L. etc. Due to the high competitive capacity of weed plants, they began to occupy in the cultivated cultural plants a dominant position that led to decrease of fertility of soils and crops. Thus agrolandscapes traditionally created on arable lands became now unstable and are in great need in their arrangement

On the utility of predictive chromatography to complement mass spectrometry based intact protein identification

The amino acid sequence determines the individual protein three-dimensional structure and its functioning in an organism. Therefore, "reading” a protein sequence and determining its changes due to mutations or post-translational modifications is one of the objectives of proteomic experiments. The commonly utilized approach is gradient high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) in combination with tandem mass spectrometry. While serving as a way to simplify the protein mixture, the liquid chromatography may be an additional analytical tool providing complementary information about the protein structure. Previous attempts to develop "predictive” HPLC for large biomacromolecules were limited by empirically derived equations based purely on the adsorption mechanisms of the retention and applicable to relatively small polypeptide molecules. A mechanism of the large biomacromolecule retention in reversed-phase gradient HPLC was described recently in thermodynamics terms by the analytical model of liquid chromatography at critical conditions (BioLCCC). In this work, we applied the BioLCCC model to predict retention of the intact proteins as well as their large proteolytic peptides separated under different HPLC conditions. The specific aim of these proof-of-principle studies was to demonstrate the feasibility of using "predictive” HPLC as a complementary tool to support the analysis of identified intact proteins in top-down, middle-down, and/or targeted selected reaction monitoring (SRM)-based proteomic experiments. Figure Intact protein LC retention time prediction assists protein identification in top- and middle-down proteomic

On the utility of predictive chromatography to complement mass spectrometry based intact protein identification

The amino acid sequence determines the individual protein three-dimensional structure and its functioning in an organism. Therefore, "reading" a protein sequence and determining its changes due to mutations or post-translational modifications is one of the objectives of proteomic experiments. The commonly utilized approach is gradient high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) in combination with tandem mass spectrometry. While serving as a way to simplify the protein mixture, the liquid chromatography may be an additional analytical tool providing complementary information about the protein structure. Previous attempts to develop "predictive" HPLC for large biomacromolecules were limited by empirically derived equations based purely on the adsorption mechanisms of the retention and applicable to relatively small polypeptide molecules. A mechanism of the large biomacromolecule retention in reversed-phase gradient HPLC was described recently in thermodynamics terms by the analytical model of liquid chromatography at critical conditions (BioLCCC). In this work, we applied the BioLCCC model to predict retention of the intact proteins as well as their large proteolytic peptides separated under different HPLC conditions. The specific aim of these proof-of-principle studies was to demonstrate the feasibility of using "predictive" HPLC as a complementary tool to support the analysis of identified intact proteins in top-down, middle-down, and/or targeted selected reaction monitoring (SRM)-based proteomic experiments

The State and the Ways of Modernization of the Agricultural Landscapes in the Danubian Region of Ukraine

The article deals with the consequences of global climatic changes on the state of Ukrainian Danube region agrolandscapes. The influence of weather climatic conditions on change of water balance of the regional ecological systems was studied by definition of three main indicators: evaporability, deficiency of water consumption and moistening coefficient. Experimental information was given according to supervision of Danube Hydrometeorological Observatory (Izmail, Ukraine). In comparison with the statistics of weather conditions for 1961-1990 and 1991-2000 the climatic situation in 2001-2012 testifies to significant increase in an evaporability (19, 5 %) and deficiency of water consumption of the soil (41, 9 %). As a result some changes of agrolandscapes were noticed in the region, connected with mass emergence of weeds, which are atypical for the region: Ambrosia artemisifolia L. Lactuca tatarica L, Anisantha tectorum Nevski, Cyclachaena Xantifolia L. etc. Due to the high competitive capacity of weed plants, they began to occupy in the cultivated cultural plants a dominant position that led to decrease of fertility of soils and crops. Thus agrolandscapes traditionally created on arable lands became now unstable and are in great need in their arrangement

Application of Statistical Thermodynamics To Predict the Adsorption Properties of Polypeptides in Reversed-Phase HPLC

The theory of critical chromatography for biomacromolecules (BioLCCC) describes polypeptide retention in reversed-phase HPLC using the basic principles of statistical thermodynamics. However, whether this theory correctly depicts a variety of empirical observations and laws introduced for peptide chromatography over the last decades remains to be determined. In this study, by comparing theoretical results with experimental data, we demonstrate that the BioLCCC: (1) fits the empirical dependence of the polypeptide retention on the amino acid sequence length with <i>R</i>² > 0.99 and allows in silico determination of the linear regression coefficients of the log-length correction in the additive model for arbitrary sequences and lengths and (2) predicts the distribution coefficients of polypeptides with an accuracy from 0.98 to 0.99 <i>R</i>². The latter enables direct calculation of the retention factors for given solvent compositions and modeling of the migration dynamics of polypeptides separated under isocratic or gradient conditions. The obtained results demonstrate that the suggested theory correctly relates the main aspects of polypeptide separation in reversed-phase HPLC

Generation and observation of fast deuterium ions and fusion-born alpha particles in JET plasmas with the 3-ion radio-frequency heating scenario

Dedicated experiments to generate energetic D ions and D−3He fusion-born alpha particles were performed at the Joint European Torus (JET) with the ITER-like wall (ILW). Using the 3-ion D-(DNBI)-3He radio frequency (RF) heating scenario, deuterium ions from neutral beam injection (NBI) were accelerated in the core of mixed D−3He plasmas to higher energies with ion cyclotron resonance frequency (ICRF) waves, in turn leading to a core-localized source of alpha particles. The fast-ion distribution of RF-accelerated D-NBI ions was controlled by varying the ICRF and NBI power (P_{ICRF}≈4-6 MW, P_{NBI}≈3-20 MW), resulting in rather high D-D neutron (≈1×10^16/s) and D−3He alpha rates (≈2×10^16/s) at moderate input heating power. Theory and TRANSP analysis shows that large populations of co-passing MeV-range D ions were generated using the D−(DNBI)−3He 3-ion ICRF scenario. This important result is corroborated by several experimental observations, in particular gamma-ray measurements. The developed experimental scenario at JET provides unique conditions for probing several aspects of future burning plasmas, such as the contribution from MeV range ions to global confinement, but without introducing tritium. Dominant fast-ion core electron heating with T_i≈T_e and a rich variety of fast-ion driven Alfven eigenmodes (AEs) were observed in these D−3He plasmas. The observed AE activities do not have a detrimental effect on the thermal confinement and, in some cases, may be driven by the fusion born alpha particles. A strong continuous increase in neutron rate was observed during long-period sawteeth (>1 s), accompanied by the observation of reversed shear AEs, which implies that a non-monotonic q profile was systematically developed in these plasmas, sustained by the large fast-ion populations generated by the 3-ion ICRF scenario

Alirocumab and cardiovascular outcomes after acute coronary syndrome

BACKGROUN

Alirocumab and Cardiovascular Outcomes after Acute Coronary Syndrome

BACKGROUN