Progress in Antiproton Production at the Fermilab Tevatron Collider

Fermilab Collider Run II has been ongoing since 2001. During this time peak luminosities in the Tevatron have increased from approximately 10 x 10{sup 30} cm{sup -2}sec{sup -1} to 300 x 10{sup 30} cm{sup 02}sec{sup -1}. A major contributing factor in this remarkable performance is a greatly improved antiproton production capability. Since the beginning of Run II, the average antiproton accumulation rate has increased from 2 x 10{sup 10}{anti p}/hr to about 24 x 10{sup 10}{anti p}/hr. Peak antiproton stacking rates presently exceed 28 x 10{sup 10}{anti p}/hr. The antiproton stacking rate has nearly doubled since 2005. It is this recent progress that is the focus of this paper. The process of transferring antiprotons to the Recycler Ring for subsequent transfer to the collider has been significantly restructured and streamlined, yielding additional cycle time for antiproton production. Improvements to the target station have greatly increased the antiproton yield from the production target. The performance of the Antiproton Source stochastic cooling systems has been enhanced by upgrades to the cooling electronics, accelerator lattice optimization, and improved operating procedures. In this paper, we will briefly report on each of these modifications

Creating and Breaking Habit in Healthcare Professional Behaviours to Improve Healthcare and Health

Healthcare professionals (HCPs) prescribe, provide advice, conduct examinations, perform surgical procedures, and engage in a range of clinical behaviours. Their clinical actions are characteristically performed repeatedly—sometimes multiple times per day—in the same physical locations with the same colleagues and patients, under constant time pressure, and competing demands. This repetition under pressure in a stable setting provides ideal circumstances for creating contingencies between physical and social cues and clinical actions. HCP behaviour provides an ideal setting in which to advance theory, methods, and interventions to better understand habit formation and habit reversal. Contemporary theoretical and methodological development in the psychology of habit has begun to be applied to understand and promote the formation, breaking, and replacement of habitual behaviour in HCPs. This chapter highlights key theoretical approaches, methods, and intervention techniques that have been applied to conceptualize, measure, develop, and break habit and automaticity in HCPs. These insights have the potential to synergistically contribute novel perspectives to the wider habit literature

A Checkout of the Beam-Line's Beam Position Measurement Systems

This pbar note is to describe a recent checkout of the AP3, AP2, AP1 and P2 (F11 to F17) Beam Position Measurement (BPM) systems. The integrity of all BPMs (plates, cables, connectors and RF module) were performed. For each beam-line, the BPM positions polarity were checked: all of the horizontal (vertical) BPMs of a beam-line are to be consistent in defining left/right (up/down) by the sign of the position. The plates impedances have been measured. The position offsets at the output of the RF modules due to cable and connector differences were determined. Anytime an Energy Doubler BPM RF module (EE-107660) was found not working, a working spare was inserted; three AP2 RF modules were replaced. One connector for one of the cables of BPM728 was repaired. Two new cables were pulled and terminated for BPM716 since there was >8dB difference between the cables. In addition, three digitizer boards were replaced

A Look at the AP2 Beamline

Some recent work has been done to look at improvements of transporting beam from the Lithium Lens to the Debuncher. This work has been done using the beamline modeling tools developed by Dave McGinnis. These tools, console application P143 and optimization code running MAD repeatedly on the Beam Physics UNIX system, were first used to match the Twiss and dispersion parameters at the end of AP2 to the Debuncher. Imaginary trims were then added to AP2 to study where additional trims could be used to help with beam control in small aperture areas

Studies to Increase the Anti-Proton Transmission from the Target to the Debuncher Ring

The AP2 beamline at Fermilab transports anti-protons from the production target to the Debuncher ring. The measured admittance of the Debuncher ring and the theoretical aperture of the line are larger than the size of the transmitted beam. Extensive tracking studies were done using the Accelerator Toolbox (AT) to understand the sources of the difference. As simulations pointed to chromatic effects being a source of problems, measurements were done to study this. Several possible remedies were studied including adding sextupoles to the line to reduce the chromatic effects

Aperture studies for the Fermilab AP2 anti-proton line

The AP2 beamline transports anti-protons from the production target to the Debuncher ring. The observed aperture is smaller than that estimated from linear, on-energy optics. We have investigated possible reasons for the aperture limitation and have identified possible sources, including residual vertical dispersion from alignment errors and chromatic effects due to very large chromatic lattice functions. Some experiments have already been performed to study these effects. We present results of the experimental and theoretical studies and possible remedies

Scaling and Angular Distributions for 2-Body E760 Data

The following are the results of 2-body FNAL analyses performed on E760 1991 data. The various reaction modes (¯pp ! XY ) include ß o ß o , ß o j, ß o fl, jfl, jj, and flfl. The angular distributions and sample acceptances are shown. In addition, the cross sections in the form doe=dt are shown at cos(` ) = 0 versus center of mass energy p s and fit to a power law. Then the scaling hypothesis, doe=dt ' s \Gammam , is used to look for oscillations in the spectrum. 1 Analysis The data used for these analyses comes from FNAL E760's 1991 run. The ß o ß o and ß o fl events come from special DSTs which were made during the run for calibration purposes. The flfl events were those analyzed by Mika Mazuzawa [1] from the "2GAMDST"s and were compared to feeddown from ß o ß o and ß o fl. The jX modes were analyzed from the neutral DSTs made after the run. The two body data is part of a larger program of charmonium physics in the energy range, 2:9 ! p s ! 4:2 GeV. In ..