#WirGestaltenSchule – Einblicke in fünf Jahre Schulentwicklung

Im Leben von Heranwachsenden spielt Schule eine zentrale Rolle: Neben dem Kompetenzerwerb beeinflusst sie ihre individuelle Entwicklung, gesellschaftliche Teilhabe und den beruflichen Erfolg. Trotz der Bemühungen um soziale Bildungsgerechtigkeit nach den Ergebnisse der ersten PISA Studie im Jahr 2000 (PISA, 2001), sind für Heranwachsende aus Familien mit niedrigerem sozialen Status, häufig verbunden mit Migrationshintergrund, die Chancen deutlich geringer, im Bildungssystem den Erfolg zu erzielen, der aufgrund ihrer kognitiven Voraussetzungen erwartbar wäre. Hier setzt das Schulentwicklungsprojekt #WirGestaltenSchule an. Es zielt darauf ab, diesen Prozessen entgegenzuwirken und die Chancen benachteiligter Kinder und Jugendlicher im Bildungssystem zu verbessern. Initiiert und unterstützt von der BASF SE, in Zusammenarbeit mit dem externen Projektmanagement EDUCATION Y und durch das externe wissenschaftliche Begleitforschungsteam der Universität Heidelberg, der Stadt Ludwigshafen und der Schulverwaltung wurden nachhaltige Schulentwicklungsprozesse an Realschulen Plus in Rheinland-Pfalz umgesetzt und evaluiert, um junge Menschen in ihrer Bildungsbiografie zu unterstützen und Persönlichkeitsentwicklung positiv zu beeinflussen. Die vorliegende Publikation bietet Einblicke in die Meilensteine, Erkenntnisse, Best-Practice-Beispiele und Herausforderungen des Projekts. Sie richtet sich an Praxis, Politik, Wissenschaft und die bildungsinteressierte Öffentlichkeit und dient als Leitfaden für interessierte Schulleitungen und Lehrpersonen, die sich ebenfalls auf den Weg einer herkunftssensiblen Schulentwicklung machen möchten. (Autor*innen)School plays a central role in the lives of adolescents: in addition to the acquisition of skills, it influences their individual development, social participation and professional success. Despite efforts to achieve social equality in education following the results of the first PISA study in 2000 (PISA, 2001), adolescents from families with a lower social status, often with a migrant background, are significantly less likely to achieve the success in the education system that could be expected based on their cognitive prerequisites. This is where the school development project #WirGestaltenSchule is positioned. It aims to counteract these processes and to improve the chances of disadvantaged children and young people in the education system. Initiated and supported by BASF SE, in cooperation with the external project management EDUCATION Y and the external scientific research team from Heidelberg University, the city of Ludwigshafen and the school administration, sustainable school development processes were implemented and evaluated at Realschulen Plus in Rhineland-Palatinate. The aim was to support young people in their educational biography and positively influence their personal development. This publication offers insights into the milestones, findings, best practice examples and challenges of the project. It is directed to practitioners, politicians, academics and the general public with an interest in education and serves as a guide for interested school administrators and teachers who would also like to embark on the path of origin-sensitive school development. (Authors

Burnout among surgeons before and during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: an international survey

Background: SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has had many significant impacts within the surgical realm, and surgeons have been obligated to reconsider almost every aspect of daily clinical practice. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study reported in compliance with the CHERRIES guidelines and conducted through an online platform from June 14th to July 15th, 2020. The primary outcome was the burden of burnout during the pandemic indicated by the validated Shirom-Melamed Burnout Measure. Results: Nine hundred fifty-four surgeons completed the survey. The median length of practice was 10 years; 78.2% included were male with a median age of 37 years old, 39.5% were consultants, 68.9% were general surgeons, and 55.7% were affiliated with an academic institution. Overall, there was a significant increase in the mean burnout score during the pandemic; longer years of practice and older age were significantly associated with less burnout. There were significant reductions in the median number of outpatient visits, operated cases, on-call hours, emergency visits, and research work, so, 48.2% of respondents felt that the training resources were insufficient. The majority (81.3%) of respondents reported that their hospitals were included in the management of COVID-19, 66.5% felt their roles had been minimized; 41% were asked to assist in non-surgical medical practices, and 37.6% of respondents were included in COVID-19 management. Conclusions: There was a significant burnout among trainees. Almost all aspects of clinical and research activities were affected with a significant reduction in the volume of research, outpatient clinic visits, surgical procedures, on-call hours, and emergency cases hindering the training. Trial registration: The study was registered on clicaltrials.gov "NCT04433286" on 16/06/2020

LIPOSOMAL NANODELIVERY SYSTEM FOR PROTEASOME INHIBITOR ANTICANCER DRUG BORTEZOMIB

Abstract Bortezomib is the first therapeutic agent designed to inhibit mainly the activity of the 26S proteasome. It is used for the treatment of multiple myeloma. The objective of this study was to develop and optimize liposomal formulation of bortezomib in order to improve the encapsulation efficiency. For evaluating the encapsulation efficiency it was investigated the effect of two parameters: the drug/lipid molar ratio and the pH of the medium. The liposomal formulation of bortezomib was obtained by mixing a solution of bortezomib with SUV liposomes (small unilamellar vesicle). A transmembrane pH gradient was obtained by creating a difference of pH between internal medium of the liposomes and the external medium in which the liposomes were suspended. When preparing the liposomes by using a pH gradient it was obtained an encapsulation efficiency of 48 % for the molar ratio bortezomib:lipid 1:5. Rezumat Bortezomib este primul agent terapeutic conceput pentru a inhiba în principal activitatea proteazomului 26S. Acesta este utilizat pentru tratamentul mielomului multiplu. Obiectivul acestui studiu a fost de a dezvolta și optimiza formularea lipozomală a medicamentului bortezomib, pentru a îmbunătăți eficiența de încapsulare. Pentru a evalua eficiența încapsulării a fost investigat efectul a doi parametri: raportul molar medicament/lipide și pH-ul mediului. Formularea lipozomală a fost obținută prin amestecarea unei soluții de bortezomib cu lipozomi SUV liposomes (small unilamellaar vesicle). Un gradient de pH transmembranar a fost obținut prin crearea unei diferențe de pH între mediul intern al lipozomilor și mediul extern în care acestia au fost suspendați. La pregătirea lipozomilor utilizând un gradient de pH, s-a obținut un randament de încapsulare de 48% pentru raportul molar bortezomib:lipide 1:5

Low incidence of SARS-CoV-2, risk factors of mortality and the course of illness in the French national cohort of dialysis patients

International audienceThe aim of this study was to estimate the incidence of COVID-19 disease in the French national population of dialysis patients, their course of illness and to identify the risk factors associated with mortality. Our study included all patients on dialysis recorded in the French REIN Registry in April 2020. Clinical characteristics at last follow-up and the evolution of COVID-19 illness severity over time were recorded for diagnosed cases (either suspicious clinical symptoms, characteristic signs on the chest scan or a positive reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction) for SARS-CoV-2. A total of 1,621 infected patients were reported on the REIN registry from March 16th, 2020 to May 4th, 2020. Of these, 344 died. The prevalence of COVID-19 patients varied from less than 1% to 10% between regions. The probability of being a case was higher in males, patients with diabetes, those in need of assistance for transfer or treated at a self-care unit. Dialysis at home was associated with a lower probability of being infected as was being a smoker, a former smoker, having an active malignancy, or peripheral vascular disease. Mortality in diagnosed cases (21%) was associated with the same causes as in the general population. Higher age, hypoalbuminemia and the presence of an ischemic heart disease were statistically independently associated with a higher risk of death. Being treated at a selfcare unit was associated with a lower risk. Thus, our study showed a relatively low frequency of COVID-19 among dialysis patients contrary to what might have been assumed