Trepanation and the Catlin Mark

This paper deals with the confusion of a certain anomalous condition of the human skull with one type of trepanation. Many skulls with an opening in each parietal bone should not be cited as examples of trepanation, but rather clear cut cases of the Catlin Mark of Goldsmith, or more technically referred to by other writers as: Large Bilateral Parietal Foramina , Foramina Parietalia Permagna , or Fenestrae Parietales Symmetricae of Halbert

Effect of Paid Family Leave Policy on Labor Market Outcomes of Mothers

This study reproduces and extends the work of Tanya Byker (2016). Her findings on the positive effect of paid family leave on labor-force participation and employment as well as the negative effect on unemployment are reproduced and extended across a further range of time periods. The evidence presented in this paper supports her hypothesis that paid family leave indeed has the potential to increase the labor-force participation of women in the months surrounding childbirth, especially for women without college degrees. Testing robustness of estimates to weighting yields similar patterns of labor-market outcomes for both weighted and unweighted regressions. Extension of Byker\u27s regressions to mothers of different occupational groups reveals differential effects of paid leave policy. While analysis women in management occupations as well as women in office and administrative support roles yields estimates mirroring those of the full sample, analysis of women in education, training, and library occupations reveals contrary effects of paid family leave policy. These results suggest that occupation is an important factor in determining the effect of paid family leave policy on labor-market outcomes

William M. Goldsmith to Professor Silver, 14 August 1963

Professional correspondenc

Notes on the Egg Laying Habits of the Soft Shell Turtles

During the summer of 1940 the writer with six students had an opportunity to study in the vicinity of Dubuque, certain nesting habits of the smooth, brown, soft-shell turtle Amyda mutica. The river was low during June and early July, offering ideal conditions for study when the sandbars and sandy shore lines were exposed. These are the most favorable nesting grounds of Amyda mutica. Since the conditions for field study were so favorable in this locality, it was decided that before the close of the next breeding season more thorough observations would be made. Unfortunately the river remained high until after the close of the 1941 nesting season. With the aid of a grant from the Iowa Academy and a like sum from the University of Dubuque, plans were made for a continuation of the observations during the season of 1942. An assistant was employed and observation stations set up with convenient blinds. However, the Mississippi again remained out of its banks covering most of the more favorable observation grounds. The same unfortunate river condition existed in June of 1943, but sufficient material has been assembled during the three seasons to justify a brief report on these observations

Characterizing the Biological Impacts and Human Dimensions of the U.S. East Coast Recreational Atlantic Bluefin Tuna Fishery

Atlantic bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus) are targeted by recreational anglers along the east coast of the United States, and the fishery is thought to be of considerable economic value. However, limited knowledge of the preferences and values of fishery participants impedes the ability of managers to maximize fishery benefits and predict harvest patterns, while an incomplete understanding of post-release mortality hinders efforts to estimate total mortality resulting from the fishery. This dissertation used a multidisciplinary approach that relied heavily on cooperative research with the recreational fishing community to examine these questions. A stated choice survey of private anglers permitted to target bluefin tuna (Chapter II) estimated a fishery consumer surplus of over $14 million in 2015 while revealing striking heterogeneity in angler preferences. Respondents placed a high value on harvesting bluefin tuna, but about half of anglers also valued non-consumptive aspects of bluefin tuna fishing such as catch-and-release. Preference segmentation was largely driven by income and recent bluefin tuna targeting behavior, with high-income anglers who had recently targeted bluefin tuna more likely to belong to the non-consumptive group. These results indicate that liberalization of harvest regulations could result in significant, non-linear increases in effort and harvest should consumptive-oriented anglers decide to re-enter the fishery. A second survey, of Atlantic bluefin tuna fishermen who possess a permit enabling them to fish either commercially or recreationally on a trip-by-trip basis, applied an online contingent sequential stated choice approach to better understand the decision-making of this unique group (Chapter III). Responses indicated that, while some permit holders consistently fish either recreationally or commercially, a substantial proportion of participants change trip type depending on fishery conditions such as prevailing fish size or regulations. The changing behavior of this latter group could potentially result in large shifts in targeting and lead to overages for the commercial handgear sector or recreational sector, and potentially the U.S. bluefin tuna quota as a whole. Lastly, post-release mortality was estimated for juvenile bluefin tuna caught in the increasingly popular light-tackle recreational fishery while also beta testing a newly developed, solar-powered pop-up satellite archival tag designed to enable large-scale, high-precision mortality studies (Chapter IV). Data were only obtained for 15 of 22 deployed tags, with 14 fish demonstrating behavior consistent with survival. One fish was predated upon, likely by a shortfin mako shark, after 17 days, and this was considered a natural rather than a fishing mortality. The low level of estimated post-release mortality, consistent with results from previous studies on different size classes of bluefin tuna caught with various angling gear types, suggests that catch-and-release angling, which Chapter II showed to be highly valued by some anglers, is a viable conservation strategy. Overall, this dissertation provides information regarding both angler preferences and fishery impacts that are of direct relevance to management. Future efforts should be directed to further engaging the recreational bluefin tuna fishing community in order to improve buy-in to management strategies and improve the ability of the United States to maintain fishing mortality within internationally prescribed limits

William M. Goldsmith to Professor Silver, 11 September 1963

Professional correspondenc

The Influence of Descriptive Norms on Investment Risk

This study examines the effect of descriptive norm messages (i.e., highlighting what others are doing) on intentions to increase investment risk. Evidence shows that alarming numbers of people nearing retirement insufficiently save for this next life stage. In addition, research finds that differences exist in investment risk tolerance between men and women, with many women investing too conservatively. This finding is of particular concern as women typically experience longer lifespans, thus relying on accumulated savings for longer periods of time. The present study extends work in financial marketing by examining the influences of social norms and peer influence, constructs shown to be instrumental in guiding behavior. An experiment using 182 U.S. student subjects tested the hypothesis that introducing descriptive norms concurrently with certain variables (financial self-efficacy and gender traits) influences the level of risk taken within investment portfolios. The results did not support the hypothesis; however, we did find support for the existence of differences in investment risk between genders and show that financial self-efficacy is associated with greater financial risk taking

An Anomalous Chick Embryo Pulsating as a Heart

During the regular laboratory work in embryological technique, the finding of anomalous chick embryos is so common that little interest is attracted. However, when one student reported the rhythmic beating of a solitary chick heart apparently without the accompanying chick, special interest was stimulated. This strange pulsating bit of protoplasm was noted in an egg of about 50 hours incubation. It was transferred to warm, normal physiological saline solution and observed for fifteen minutes. The beating was not unlike that of a normal chick heart of corresponding age. In order to assure a good fixation, the specimen was removed from the yolk and placed in Bouin\u27s fluid, stained in Borax Carmine and mounted in toto on a slide by the usual borax carmine method