Parental Reflective Functioning, Emotion Regulation, And Stress Tolerance: A Preliminary Investigation

While strong and interdependent associations between reflective functioning, emotion regulation, and stress tolerance have been theorized in the attachment security and psychoanalytic literature, this is one of the initial reports of the investigation of such associations. Twenty-six mothers of young children were administered a novel self-report measure of parental reflective functioning, two distinct stress induction tasks, and three self-report measures of emotion regulation. It was predicted that greater maternal reflective functioning, as measured by the PRFQ-1 self-report measure, would predict greater stress tolerance, as measured by persistence times in the Simulated Baby Paradigm and PASAT-C, as well as greater ability for emotion regulation, as measured by the DERS, ERQ, and BRIEF-A self-report measures. It was also hypothesized that greater emotion regulation would predict greater stress tolerance. Initial correlations generally did not support these hypotheses. However, further analysis of the data suggested that maternal reflective functioning may mediate the relationship between the self-appraisal of one\u27s capacity for emotion regulation and behavior in a stressful, parenting-specific task. These findings suggest a complex and interdependent relationship between parental reflective, emotion regulation, and stress tolerance

The use of maxLength in the RPKI

This document recommends that operators avoid using the maxLength attribute when issuing Route Origin Authorizations (ROAs) in the Resource Public Key Infrastructure (RPKI). These recommendations complement those in [RFC7115].https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-yossigi-rpkimaxlen/First author draf

BitFit: Simple Parameter-efficient Fine-tuning for Transformer-based Masked Language-models

We show that with small-to-medium training data, fine-tuning only the bias terms (or a subset of the bias terms) of pre-trained BERT models is competitive with (and sometimes better than) fine-tuning the entire model. For larger data, bias-only fine-tuning is competitive with other sparse fine-tuning methods. Besides their practical utility, these findings are relevant for the question of understanding the commonly-used process of finetuning: they support the hypothesis that finetuning is mainly about exposing knowledge induced by language-modeling training, rather than learning new task-specific linguistic knowledge

Prioritization methodology for chemical replacement

Since United States of America federal legislation has required ozone depleting chemicals (class 1 & 2) to be banned from production, The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and industry have been required to find other chemicals and methods to replace these target chemicals. This project was initiated as a development of a prioritization methodology suitable for assessing and ranking existing processes for replacement 'urgency.' The methodology was produced in the form of a workbook (NASA Technical Paper 3421). The final workbook contains two tools, one for evaluation and one for prioritization. The two tools are interconnected in that they were developed from one central theme - chemical replacement due to imposed laws and regulations. This workbook provides matrices, detailed explanations of how to use them, and a detailed methodology for prioritization of replacement technology. The main objective is to provide a GUIDELINE to help direct the research for replacement technology. The approach for prioritization called for a system which would result in a numerical rating for the chemicals and processes being assessed. A Quality Function Deployment (QFD) technique was used in order to determine numerical values which would correspond to the concerns raised and their respective importance to the process. This workbook defines the approach and the application of the QFD matrix. This technique: (1) provides a standard database for technology that can be easily reviewed, and (2) provides a standard format for information when requesting resources for further research for chemical replacement technology. Originally, this workbook was to be used for Class 1 and Class 2 chemicals, but it was specifically designed to be flexible enough to be used for any chemical used in a process (if the chemical and/or process needs to be replaced). The methodology consists of comparison matrices (and the smaller comparison components) which allow replacement technology to be quantitatively compared in several categories, and a QFD matrix which allows process/chemical pairs to be rated against one another for importance (using consistent categories). Depending on the need for application, one can choose the part(s) needed or have the methodology completed in its entirety. For example, if a program needs to show the risk of changing a process/chemical one may choose to use part of Matrix A and Matrix C. If a chemical is being used, and the process must be changed; one might use the Process Concerns part of Matrix D for the existing process and all possible replacement processes. If an overall analysis of a program is needed, one may request the QFD to be completed

Evolution of constrained layer damping using a cellular automaton algorithm

Constrained layer damping (CLD) is a highly effective passive vibration control strategy if optimized adequately. Factors controlling CLD performance are well documented for the flexural modes of beams but not for more complicated mode shapes or structures. The current paper introduces an approach that is suitable for locating CLD on any type of structure. It follows the cellular automaton (CA) principle and relies on the use of finite element models to describe the vibration properties of the structure. The ability of the algorithm to reach the best solution is demonstrated by applying it to the bending and torsion modes of a plate. Configurations that give the most weight-efficient coverage for each type of mode are first obtained by adapting the existing 'optimum length' principle used for treated beams. Next, a CA algorithm is developed, which grows CLD patches one at a time on the surface of the plate according to a simple set of rules. The effectiveness of the algorithm is then assessed by comparing the generated configurations with the known optimum ones

Intensity vs. Duration: Comparing the Effects of a Fluency-Based Reading Intervention Program, in After-School vs. Summer School Settings

Two versions of RAVE-O, a fluency-based reading intervention were examined over a 2-intervention period: a 9-month, 44-hour afterschool intervention program, and a month long, 44-hour summer intervention program.  80 children in grades 1-3 were tested on the two subtests of the Test of Word-Reading Efficiency and were assigned to one of 6 groups compromising of different combinations of one vs. two intervention packets.  Results show that while both programs showed gains after a single intervention, a significant difference was seen between intervention groups, with the afterschool intervention showing larger pre-post intervention difference scores. All groups who received a 2-package intervention either increased or maintained performance after the second intervention, suggesting that an additional intervention is beneficial. Moreover, the afterschool group who received a consecutive summer intervention group showed significant gains as compared to the other 2-intervention groups. Results from this study indicate the overall number of intervention hours may not be the indicator of a successful intervention. Instead, in the first intervention, a longer period of skill introduction may be needed for information consolidation; the second intervention may require an intense period for skill rehearsal. Implications for future reading interventions and scaling-up are discussed

Depolarization-induced translocation of the RNA-binding protein Sam68 to the dendrites of hippocampal neurons.

International audienceThe traffic and expression of mRNAs in neurons are modulated by changes in neuronal activity. The regulation of neuronal RNA-binding proteins is therefore currently receiving attention. Sam68 is a ubiquitous nuclear RNA-binding protein implicated in post-transcriptional processes such as signal-dependent splice site selection. We show that Sam68 undergoes activity-responsive translocation to the soma and dendrites of hippocampal neurons in primary culture. In unstimulated neurons transiently expressing a GFP-Sam68 fusion protein, 90% of the cells accumulated the protein exclusively in the nucleus, and 4% showed extension of GFP-Sam68 to the dendrites. This nuclear expression pattern required the integrity of the Sam68 N-terminus. When present, the dendritic GFP-Sam68 formed granules, 26% of which were colocalized with ethidium bromide-stained RNA clusters. Most of the GFP-Sam68 granules were completely stationary, but a few moved in either a retrograde or anterograde direction. Following depolarization by 25 mM KCl, 50% of neurons displayed dendritic GFP-Sam68. GFP-Sam68 invaded the dendrites after 2 hours with high KCl, and returned to the nucleus within 3 hours after termination of the KCl treatment. A control GFP fusion derived from the SC-35 splicing factor remained fully nuclear during depolarization. No significant change was observed in the phosphorylation of Sam68 after depolarization. Translocation of Sam68 to the distal dendrites was microtubule dependent. Blockade of calcium channels with nimodipine abolished the translocation. Furthermore, inhibition of CRM-1-mediated nuclear export by leptomycin B partially prevented the depolarization-induced nuclear efflux of GFP-Sam68. These results support the possible involvement of Sam68 in the activity-dependent regulation of dendritic mRNAs

Applying New Research Methods to Inform Mountain Lion Harvest Management in Western Montana

The lack of reliable methods to accurately estimate mountain lion abundance has made lion (Puma concolor) management one of the most contentious wildlife issues in western Montana over the last 20 years. Lion harvest prescriptions and hunting season structure varied widely during that period because social factors drove management decisions in the absence of objective population data. During winter 2012-2013, we used a DNA-based spatial capture-recapture (SCR) approach to estimate mountain lion abundance in hunting districts 250 and 270 in the southern Bitterroot Watershed of western Montana. Mountain lion hair, scat, and muscle samples were collected for genetic analysis to identify individuals. We developed extensions to standard SCR models to accommodate simultaneous sampling and harvest events and incorporate existing information regarding mountain lion habitat quality. We estimated the abundance of 85 (95% CI = 54, 141) independent mountain lions in hunting district 250 and 82 (95% CI = 51, 137) in hunting district 270. These results are 2 - 3 times higher than previously reported mountain lion abundance in this area and correspond to density estimates of 4.6 and 5.4 lions per 100 km2. Because current harvest regulations in western Montana were developed under the assumption of lower population abundance, lion management objectives are unlikely to be met unless harvest prescriptions are adjusted to account for this new understanding of lion population status. More broadly, the analytic improvements in SCR methods will enhance the ability of wildlife managers to reliably and economically estimate abundance of harvested species

Who Will Strike Next And Why? An Economic Regression of Terrorism and Poverty

This study analyzes economic regressions between the number of organized violent, international and domestic terrorist attacks and various metrics of the economic state of the country of origin. From the literature, it was expected to find that countries with the poorest economies are more likely produce or act as a base of operations for terrorists and may be linked to their violent crimes. Similarly the statistics suggested that there is a negative correlation between these metrics, representing socioeconomic factors such as the total output of the country, the income per person, unemployment, income inequality, and access to government, and the number of organized violent attacks traceable to said country. Since only named organized attacks were evaluated, instances of anomic (spontaneous or unorganized) terrorism are not included