Population structure and variance effective size of red snapper (Lutjanus campechanus) in the northern Gulf of Mexico*

We assayed allelic variation at 19 nuclear-encoded microsatellites among 1622 Gulf red snapper (Lutjanus campechanus) sampled from the 1995 and 1997 cohorts at each of three offshore localities in the northern Gulf of Mexico (Gulf). Localities represented western, central, and eastern subregions within the northern Gulf. Number of alleles per microsatellite per sample ranged from four to 23, and gene diversity ranged from 0.170 to 0.917. Tests of conformity to Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium expectations and of genotypic equilibrium between pairs of micro-satellites were generally nonsignificant following Bonferroni correction. Significant genic or genotypic heterogeneity (or both) among samples was detected at four microsatellites and over all microsatellites. Levels of divergence among samples were low (FST ≤0.001). Pairwise exact tests revealed that six of seven “significant” comparisons involved temporal rather than spatial heterogeneity. Contemporaneous or variance effective size (NeV) was estimated from the temporal variance in allele frequencies by using a maximum-likelihood method. Estimates of NeV ranged between 1098 and >75,000 and differed significantly among localities; the NeV estimate for the sample from the northcentral Gulf was >60 times as large as the estimates for the other two localities. The differences in variance effective size could ref lect differences in number of individuals successfully reproducing, differences in patterns and intensity of immigration, or both, and are consistent with the hypothesis, supported by life-history data, that different “demographic stocks” of red snapper are found in the northern Gulf. Estimates of NeV for red snapper in the northern Gulf were at least three orders of magnitude lower than current estimates of census size (N). The ratio of effective to census size (Ne/N) is far below that expected in an ideal population and may reflect high variance in individual reproductive success, high temporal and spatial variance in productivity among subregions or a combination of the two

Cayley-Bacharach and evaluation codes on complete intersections

In recent work, J. Hansen uses cohomological methods to find a lower bound for the minimum distance of an evaluation code determined by a reduced complete intersection in the projective plane. In this paper, we generalize Hansen's results from P^2 to P^m; we also show that the hypotheses in Hansen's work may be weakened. The proof is succinct and follows by combining the Cayley-Bacharach theorem and bounds on evaluation codes obtained from reduced zero-schemes.Comment: 10 pages. v2: minor expository change

Legacy, sustainability and Olympism: crafting urban outcomes at London 2012

The staging of the Olympic Games has, since the outset, been intended to produce positive and lasting outcomes, but each age has seen the Olympic movement and their appointed host cities recasting the ways in which they have sought to achieve such outcomes in light of their own values and needs. Seen against that background, this paper opens with an historical overview that spans the period since the re-establishment of the Olympics in 1896. It traces the ways in which four notions – memory, regeneration, sustainability and legacy – have progressively emerged as issues that shape the agenda of desired urban outcomes, particularly exploring the evolution of the dynamic, continually evolving but uneasy relationship between sustainability and the overlapping concept of ‘legacy’. The latter part of the paper illustrates these ideas with regard to the London 2012 Summer Olympic and Paralympic Games. It analyses the ‘One Planet Games’ concept, how this was developed for the bid, and how it was subsequently put into practice, commenting particularly on the carbon footprint, the creation of the Olympic Park (as sustainable legacy) and the promotion of sustainable living. The conclusion comments on the continuing challenges encountered in maintaining the visibility of sustainability plans while addressing long-term legacy

The history of events: ideology and historiography

This chapter explores the contribution that explicit analysis of historical writings can make to the study of events. In particular, it explores three related propositions. The first concerns “narrative”, understood here as a structured account, rendered in textual form, of a sequence of events that occurred in the past. The second proposition continues the story-telling theme, noting that it is important to recognise the ways that events can be used to represent specific causes and to understand the consequences of doing so. In this regard, we point to the importance of the rich and multifaceted concept of “representation”. The third proposition concerns “narration”, or the way in which the story is told. Here, we argue that understanding of the history of events would benefit from more explicit recognition of the multiple ways in which that history has been, and could be, written. Case studies of the Salzburg Festival, the visit of George IV to Edinburgh in 1822, and the history of the modern Olympic Games are used to illustrate these propositions in turn

Tales of the Olympic city: Memory, narrative and the built environment = Historias de la ciudad olímpica: memoria, narrativa y el entorno construido

The Olympics have a greater, more profound and more pervasive impact on the urban fabric of their host cities than any other sporting or cultural event. This paper is concerned with issues of memory and remembering in Olympic host cities. After a contextual introduction, it employs a case study of the Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park (QEOP), the main event space for the London 2012 Summer Games, to supply insight into how to read the urban traces of Olympic memory. Three key themes are identified when interpreting the memories associated with the Park and its built structures, namely: treatment of the area’s displaced past, memorializing the Games, and with memory legacy. The ensuing discussion section then adopts a historiographic slant, stressing the importance of narrative and offering wider conclusions about Olympic memory and the city. = El impacto de los Juegos Olímpicos en el tejido urbano de las ciudades anfitrionas es mayor, más profundo y más generalizado que el de cualquier otro evento deportivo o cultural. Este trabajo analiza temas relacionados con la memoria y el recuerdo en las ciudades anfitrionas de los Juegos Olímpicos. Tras introducir del contexto, se utiliza un estudio de caso del Parque Olímpico Queen Elizabeth (QEOP, por sus siglas en inglés), el principal espacio de los Juegos de Verano de Londres 2012, para plantear un nuevo enfoque sobre cómo leer las huellas urbanas de la memoria olímpica. Se identifican tres temas clave al interpretar los recuerdos asociados con el Parque y sus estructuras construidas, a saber: el tratamiento del pasado desplazado del área, la conmemoración de los Juegos y el legado de la memoria. La sección de discusión adopta un enfoque historiográfico, subrayando la importancia de la narrativa y ofreciendo gran variedad de conclusiones sobre la memoria olímpica y la ciudad

Historias de la ciudad olímpica: memoria, narrativa y el entorno construido

The Olympics have a greater, more profound and more pervasive impact on the urban fabric of their host cities than any other sporting or cultural event.  This paper is concerned with issues of memory and remembering in Olympic host cities.  After a contextual introduction, it employs a case study of the Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park (QEOP), the main event space for the London 2012 Summer Games, to supply insight into how to read the urban traces of Olympic memory.  Three key themes are identified when interpreting the memories associated with the Park and its built structures, namely: treatment of the area’s displaced past, memorializing the Games, and with memory legacy.  The ensuing discussion section then adopts a historiographic slant, stressing the importance of narrative and offering wider conclusions about Olympic memory and the city.El impacto de los Juegos Olímpicos en el tejido urbano de las ciudades anfitrionas es mayor, más profundo y más generalizado que el de cualquier otro evento deportivo o cultural. Este trabajo analiza temas relacionados con la memoria y el recuerdo en las ciudades anfitrionas de los Juegos Olímpicos. Tras introducir del contexto, se utiliza un estudio de caso del Parque Olímpico Queen Elizabeth (QEOP, por sus siglas en inglés), el principal espacio de los Juegos de Verano de Londres 2012, para plantear un nuevo enfoque sobre cómo leer las huellas urbanas de la memoria olímpica. Se identifican tres temas clave al interpretar los recuerdos asociados con el Parque y sus estructuras construidas, a saber: el tratamiento del pasado desplazado del área, la conmemoración de los Juegos y el legado de la memoria. La sección de discusión adopta un enfoque historiográfico, subrayando la importancia de la narrativa y ofreciendo gran variedad de conclusiones sobre la memoria olímpica y la ciudad

Framing the future: sustainability, legacy and the 2012 London Games

When the International Olympic Committee (IOC) adopted ‘environment’ as a third pillar of Olympism at its centenary meeting in Paris in 1994, it was partly reacting to an environmentalist lobby critical of the growing scale and impact of the Games. Since then, the Olympic movement has striven to be more proactive in championing sustainable events management and in promoting positive environmental legacies through its bidding procedures for the Summer and Winter Games, its technical manuals and the Impact Studies that monitor a city’s performance. Indeed, the environmental agenda has been subsumed into the broadly adopted discourse that stresses the beneficial legacy bequeathed to the host city in return for the huge expenditure required to host the world’s largest sporting event. Yet, some two decades later, Olympic hosts still struggle with the enormity of what a sustainable Games really means and with developing the mechanisms for delivering it

Microsatellite primers for red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus)

In this note, we document polymerase-chain-reaction (PCR) primer pairs for 101 nuclear-encoded microsatellites designed and developed from a genomic library for red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus). Details of the genomic library construction, the sequencing of positive clones, primer design, and PCR protocols may be found in Karlsson et al. (2008). The 101 microsatellites (GENBA NK Accession Numbers EU015882-EU015982) were amplified successfully and used to genotype 24 red drum obtained from Galveston Bay, Texas (Table 1). A total of 69 of the microsatellites had an uninterrupted (perfect) dinucleotide motif, and 30 had an imperfect dinucleotide motif; one microsatellite had an imperfect tetranucleotide motif, and one had an imperfect and compound motif (Table 1 ). Sizes of the cloned alleles ranged from 84 to 252 base pairs. A ‘blast’ search of the GENBANK database indicated that all of the primers and the cloned alleles were unique (i.e., not duplicated)

Population structure, long-term connectivity, and effective size of mutton snapper (Lutjanus analis) in the Caribbean Sea and Florida Keys

Genetic structure and average long-term connectivity and effective size of mutton snapper (Lutjanus analis) sampled from offshore localities in the U.S. Caribbean and the Florida Keys were assessed by using nuclear-encoded microsatellites and a fragment of mitochondrial DNA. No significant differences in allele, genotype (microsatellites), or haplotype (mtDNA) distributions were detected; tests of selective neutrality (mtDNA) were nonsignificant after Bonferroni correction. Heuristic estimates of average long-term rate of migration (proportion of migrant individuals/generation) between geographically adjacent localities varied from 0.0033 to 0.0054, indicating that local subpopulations could respond independently of environmental perturbations. Estimates of average longterm effective population sizes varied from 341 to 1066 and differed significantly among several of the localities. These results indicate that over time larval drift and interregional adult movement may not be sufficient to maintain population sustainability across the region and that there may be different demographic stocks at some of the localities studied. The estimate of long-term effective population size at the locality offshore of St. Croix was below the minimum threshold size considered necessary to maintain the equilibrium between the loss of adaptive genetic variance from genetic drift and its replacement by mutation. Genetic variability in mutton snapper likely is maintained at the intraregional level by aggregate spawning and random mating of local populations. This feature is perhaps ironic in that aggregate spawning also renders mutton snapper especially vulnerable to overexploitation