75 research outputs found
Identification of differentially expressed genes of brown trout (Salmo trutta) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in response to Tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae (Myxozoa)
Tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae infection affects the expression of genes involved in cellular signal transduction and iron metabolism in the kidney of the brown trout Salmo trutta
Tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae is an enigmatic endoparasite which causes proliferative kidney disease in various species of salmonids in Europe and North America. The life cycle of the European strain of T. bryosalmonae generally completes in an invertebrate host freshwater bryozoan and vertebrate host brown trout (Salmo trutta) Linnaeus, 1758. Little is known about the gene expression in the kidney of brown trout during the developmental stages of T. bryosalmonae. In the present study, quantitative real-time PCR was applied to quantify the target genes of interest in the kidney of brown trout at different time points of T. bryosalmonae development. PCR primers specific for target genes were designed and optimized, and their gene expression levels were quantified in the cDNA kidney samples using SYBR Green Supermix. Expression of Rab GDP dissociation inhibitor beta, integral membrane protein 2B, NADH dehydrogenase 1 beta subcomplex subunit 6, and 26S protease regulatory subunit S10B were upregulated significantly in infected brown trout, while the expression of the ferritin M middle subunit was downregulated significantly. These results suggest that host genes involved in cellular signal transduction, proteasomal activities, including membrane transporters and cellular iron storage, are differentially upregulated or downregulated in the kidney of brown trout during parasite development. The gene expression pattern of infected renal tissue may support the development of intraluminal sporogonic stages of T. bryosalmonae in the renal tubular lumen of brown trout which may facilitate the release of viable parasite spores to transmit to the invertebrate host bryozoan
Development of Fish Parasite Vaccines in the OMICs Era: Progress and Opportunities
Globally, parasites are increasingly being recognized as catastrophic agents in both aquaculture
sector and in the wild aquatic habitats leading to an estimated annual loss between 1.05 billion
and 9.58 billion USD. The currently available therapeutic and control measures are accompanied
by many limitations. Hence, vaccines are recommended as the “only green and effective solution”
to address these concerns and protect fish from pathogens. However, vaccine development warrants
a better understanding of host–parasite interaction and parasite biology. Currently, only one
commercial parasite vaccine is available against the ectoparasite sea lice. Additionally, only a few
trials have reported potential vaccine candidates against endoparasites. Transcriptome, genome, and
proteomic data at present are available only for a limited number of aquatic parasites. Omics-based
interventions can be significant in the identification of suitable vaccine candidates, finally leading
to the development of multivalent vaccines for significant protection against parasitic infections in
fish. The present review highlights the progress in the immunobiology of pathogenic parasites and
the prospects of vaccine development. Finally, an approach for developing a multivalent vaccine for
parasitic diseases is presented. Data sources to prepare this review included Pubmed, google scholar,
official reports, and websites
Vertical transmission of Tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae (Myxozoa), the causative agent of salmonid proliferative kidney disease
license: Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2013 0000-0001-7279-715Xlicense: Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2013. The attached document is the authors' final accepted version of the journal article. You are advised to consult the publisher's version if you wish to cite from it
To the very End. A contrastive study of N-Rhemes in English and Swedish translations
The present study is an explorative, corpus-based contrastive study of N-Rhemes in English and Swedish original texts, as well as translations between the two languages. The aim is twofold, to describe the N-Rheme in English and Swedish Fiction and Popular Science texts, and to examine translation correspondences, and lack of correspondences, between English and Swedish N-Rhemes.
The first part of the investigation shows that N-Rhemes are very similar in the two languages and the two text types. The main differences are to a great extent related to word order differences between the two languages, e.g. the V2-constraint in Swedish and Subject prominence in English. However, word order is not the only explanation. Frequently, there is interplay between word order and information structure, as Swedish is more backwards-oriented and seems to follow the principle of end-weight more strictly than English.
The analysis of the translation (non)-correspondences: Full Match, Reformulation, Movement and Restructuring shows that more translation changes occur in the translations into English. Reformulations are most frequent and typically result in unit shifts, function shifts and explicitness changes. Furthermore, the results show that English and Swedish clearly have different clause structure preferences. English favours hypotactic structures where Swedish has paratactic structures, which is reflected in the translations. In the translations into Swedish, clauses are frequently split, resulting in T-units that are informationally less dense, whereas in the translations into English, clauses are merged, resulting in informationally denser clauses. When information density is increased or decreased, this frequently results in explicitness changes. Finally, many of the translation changes could be seen as related to the character of the N-Rheme. N-Rhemes are often long and complex, and present newsworthy information. The longer the N-Rheme, the more information that potentially could be changed in the translation process. The great number of Reformulations and Restructurings reflects how translation changes occur with a purpose to ascertain that the goals of the texts are preserved, and even made clearer in the translation
Differentially expressed transcripts of Tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae (Cnidaria) between carrier and dead‑end hosts involved in key biological processes: novel insights from a coupled approach of FACS and RNA sequencing
Tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae is a malacosporean endoparasite that infects a wide range of salmonids and causes proliferative kidney disease (PKD). Brown trout serves as a carrier host whereas rainbow trout represents a dead-end host. We thus asked if the parasite adapts to the different hosts by changing molecular mechanisms. We used fluorescent activated cell sorting (FACS) to isolate parasites from the kidney of brown trout and rainbow trout following experimental infection with T. bryosalmonae. The sorted parasite cells were then subjected to RNA sequencing. By this approach, we identified 1120 parasite transcripts that were expressed differentially in parasites derived from brown trout and rainbow trout. We found elevated levels of transcripts related to cytoskeleton organisation, cell polarity, peptidyl-serine phosphorylation in parasites sorted from brown trout. In contrast, transcripts related to translation, ribonucleoprotein complex biogenesis and subunit organisation, non-membrane bounded organelle assembly, regulation of protein catabolic process and protein refolding were upregulated in rainbow trout-derived parasites. These findings show distinct molecular adaptations of parasites, which may underlie their distinct outcomes in the two hosts. Moreover, the identification of these differentially expressed transcripts may enable the identification of novel drug targets that may be exploited as treatment against T. bryosalmonae. We here also describe for the first time how FACS based isolation of T. bryosalmonae cells from infected kidney of fish fosters research and allows to define differentially expressed parasite transcripts in carrier and dead-end fish hosts
Molecular evolution of interferon-epsilon (IFNϵ) pseudogene modulates innate and specific antiviral immunity in Manis javanica
Interferon-Epsilon (IFNε) is a type of interferon, a protein that plays a role in the immune response to viral infections. This study is aimed at examining the molecular evolution of the IFNε pseudogene in Manis javanica, and it has been found to modulate the innate and specific antiviral immunity in this species. In this study, we identified that IFNε gene has undergone rapid evolution in Manis javanica, with the human and primate IFNε genes showing evidence of positive selection. This suggests that IFNε has played an important role in the evolution of the immune system, possibly in response to coevolution with viral pathogens. Comparative genomic analysis revealed that the IFNε pseudogene in pangolins originated from a gene duplication event approximately 48 million years ago. It subsequently lost its protein-coding function due to multiple deleterious mutations. However, the IFNε pseudogene exhibits a high degree of conservation in its promoter region, suggesting it may still play a regulatory role in antiviral immunity. This suggests that the pseudogene may have evolved to serve an important function in the pangolin’s immune system, potentially helping to protect it from viral infections. The molecular evolution of IFNε provides insights into the coevolutionary dynamics between host immune systems and viral pathogens and may have implications for developing new antiviral therapies.This work was funded by the Researchers Supporting Project number (RSP2023R165), King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.Peer reviewe
Shotgun proteomic analysis of Yersinia ruckeri strains under normal and iron-limited conditions
The impact of co-infections on fish: a review
International audienceAbstractCo-infections are very common in nature and occur when hosts are infected by two or more different pathogens either by simultaneous or secondary infections so that two or more infectious agents are active together in the same host. Co-infections have a fundamental effect and can alter the course and the severity of different fish diseases. However, co-infection effect has still received limited scrutiny in aquatic animals like fish and available data on this subject is still scarce. The susceptibility of fish to different pathogens could be changed during mixed infections causing the appearance of sudden fish outbreaks. In this review, we focus on the synergistic and antagonistic interactions occurring during co-infections by homologous or heterologous pathogens. We present a concise summary about the present knowledge regarding co-infections in fish. More research is needed to better understand the immune response of fish during mixed infections as these could have an important impact on the development of new strategies for disease control programs and vaccination in fish
In vitro antimicrosporidial activity of gold nanoparticles against Heterosporis saurida
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