Population Genetic Structure is Unrelated to Shell Shape, Thickness and Organic Content in European Populations of the Soft-Shell Clam Mya Arenaria.

The soft-shell clam Mya arenaria is one of the most ancient invaders of European coasts and is present in many coastal ecosystems, yet little is known about its genetic structure in Europe. We collected 266 samples spanning a latitudinal cline from the Mediterranean to the North Sea and genotyped them at 12 microsatellite loci. In parallel, geometric morphometric analysis of shell outlines was used to test for associations between shell shape, latitude and genotype, and for a selection of shells we measured the thickness and organic content of the granular prismatic (PR), the crossed-lamellar (CL) and the complex crossed-lamellar (CCL) layers. Strong population structure was detected, with Bayesian cluster analysis identifying four groups located in the Mediterranean, Celtic Sea, along the continental coast of the North Sea and in Scotland. Multivariate analysis of shell shape uncovered a significant effect of collection site but no associations with any other variables. Shell thickness did not vary significantly with either latitude or genotype, although PR thickness and calcification were positively associated with latitude, while CCL thickness showed a negative association. Our study provides new insights into the population structure of this species and sheds light on factors influencing shell shape, thickness and microstructure

Population Genetic Structure Is Unrelated to Shell Shape, Thickness and Organic Content in European Populations of the Soft-Shell Clam Mya Arenaria

The soft-shell clam Mya arenaria is one of the most ancient invaders of European coasts and is present in many coastal ecosystems, yet little is known about its genetic structure in Europe. We collected 266 samples spanning a latitudinal cline from the Mediterranean to the North Sea and genotyped them at 12 microsatellite loci. In parallel, geometric morphometric analysis of shell outlines was used to test for associations between shell shape, latitude and genotype, and for a selection of shells we measured the thickness and organic content of the granular prismatic (PR), the crossed-lamellar (CL) and the complex crossed-lamellar (CCL) layers. Strong population structure was detected, with Bayesian cluster analysis identifying four groups located in the Mediterranean, Celtic Sea, along the continental coast of the North Sea and in Scotland. Multivariate analysis of shell shape uncovered a significant effect of collection site but no associations with any other variables. Shell thickness did not vary significantly with either latitude or genotype, although PR thickness and calcification were positively associated with latitude, while CCL thickness showed a negative association. Our study provides new insights into the population structure of this species and sheds light on factors influencing shell shape, thickness and microstructure

A Rare Co-incidental Presentation: Multiple Myeloma and Pleural Adenocarcinoma: A Case Report ULUSLARARASı HEMATOLOJI-ONKOLOJI DERGISI CASE REPORT International Journal of Hematology and Oncology

ABSTRACT In this case report we overview the diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for pleural effusions encountered during the treatment and follow-up of patients with myeloma in the light of the current medical literature. A 73-year-old female patient with a stage IIIA multiple myeloma was being treated with melphalan and methyl prednisolone. In the third month of the treatment, she had complaints of coughing, dyspnea and right side pain. Computed tomographic examination of the thorax revealed pleural effusion. Pathological examinations of the pleural fluid and pleural biopsy specimen were compatible with adenocarcinoma. Repeated examinations did not reveal a progression in myeloma or a pleural involvement of myeloma. The patient died of respiratory insufficiency due to the progression of the pleural adenocarcinoma. Keywords: Multiple myeloma, Pleural adenocarcinoma, Pleural effusion ÖZET Nadir Görülen Birliktelik: Multipl Miyelom ve Plevral Adenokarsinom: Olgu Sunumu Bu olgu sunumunda miyelom hastalar›n›n takip ve tedavisi esnas›nda ortaya ç›kan plevral efüzyonlara tan›sal ve terapotik yaklafl›m güncel medical literatür ›fl›¤›nda gözden geçirilmifltir. Evre-IIIA MM'lu 73 yafl›nda bayan hastaya melfalan ve metil prednizolon tedavisi baflland›. Tedavinin üçüncü ay›nda öksürük, nefes darl›¤› ve sa¤ yan a¤r›s› flikayetleri bafllad›. Toraks bilgisayarl› tomografide plevral effüzyon saptand›. Plevral mayi ve plevra biyopsisinin patolojik incelemesi adenokarsinom ile uyumlu bulundu. Tekrarlanan tetkiklerle miyelomda bir ilerleme veya miyelom plevral tutulumunun olmad›¤› do¤ruland›. Hasta plevral adenokarsinomun ilerlemesi sonucu solunum yetmezli¤inden kaybedildi