An Empirical Analysis of the Relationship between Capital Flows and the Real Exchange Rate in India

This paper analyzes the relationship between the net capital flows (NCFs) and other fundamentals and the real exchange rate (RER) in India consequent to the liberalization of the capital account in 1990s for the period 1996–1997 to 2012–2013 using the Autoregressive Distributed Lag approach to cointegration. Most studies in the literature emphasize the role of a number of real and monetary variables and domestic policies in determination of RER. But there is no consensus on what actually determines the RER. The estimation includes NCFs, government consumption expenditure, terms of trade, trade openness, Gross Domestic Product growth rate, change in foreign exchange reserves, current account balance as explanatory variables for investigating the relationship with the RERs. The empirical results confirm that the NCFs in India have been associated with the RER appreciation and the association is statistically significant. Government consumption expenditure is not found to be significantly associated with real appreciation. Current account balance has a positive and statistically significant association with RERs indicating that the outflows on account of current account deficits have been associated with depreciation of RER or prevention of the appreciation on account of capital flows. The change in foreign exchange reserves has a negative and statistically significant association with RERs indicating that the accumulation of reserves by the Reserve Bank of India in the face of increasing capital flows has prevented the appreciation of RERs and mitigated their adverse consequences on the competitiveness of the Indian economy

A Study to Assess Career Satisfaction among Dental Practitioners in Kanpur City, U.P., India

BACKGROUND: For almost every health worker, job satisfaction is an important determinant for motivation, retention and performance, and all of these are primarily important to improve the functioning mechanism of health systems in countries of low- and middle income categories.  AIM: This study was conducted to estimate the level of job satisfaction among registered practicing clinical dentists in Kanpur city, U.P., India MATERIALS & METHOD:  A cross sectional study was conducted among 204 practicing registered dentists. A questionnaire was distributed manually to the participating dentists for measuring dimensions of job satisfaction. A 5 point Likert format with a score range from 1(described as strongly dissatisfied) to 4(described as strongly satisfied) was used to describe the items.  Analysis of data was analyzed using SPSS software 21.0 and student t test was applied for measuring the difference of means between the subgroups for each dimension. RESULTS: A significant difference (p<0.005) in levels of satisfaction for various dimensions of job satisfaction within gender, educational qualification and work status was found on analysis. The postgraduates were found to be more satisfied as compared to graduates with a difference in job satisfaction level between genders which was related to the personal time dimension. It was also derived from the study that dentists working full time expressed dissatisfaction in terms of family time, thus to issues in their personal relationships. CONCLUSION:  Overall, it was found that the dentists have a high level of job satisfaction and the socio demographic factors deeply influence this domain of career

Use of amorphous TiO2 deposited on cotton by sol-gel process for de-colorization of direct dye solutions in presence of UV radiation

In this investigation, decolorization of a direct dye solution catalysed by TiO2 coated on a cotton fabric by sol- gel route in presence of UV radiation has been studied. Effect of various process and material parameters like initial dye solution concentration, treatment time and temperature, stirring rate and construction of fabric on dye decolorization extent has been studied. It is observed that with a starting dye solution concentration of 0.1 g/L, almost 80% dye removal can be achieved. It is not possible to improve the decolorization extent beyond 80% by any combination of parameters. X-ray diffraction studies reveal that the form of TiO2 deposited on cotton fabric is not crystalline but amorphous in nature. While the UV radiation intensity and the fabric construction influence the dye decolorization, the treatment temperature and stirring rate do not have much bearing on decolorizing efficiency

CyCLIP: Cyclic Contrastive Language-Image Pretraining

Recent advances in contrastive representation learning over paired image-text data have led to models such as CLIP that achieve state-of-the-art performance for zero-shot classification and distributional robustness. Such models typically require joint reasoning in the image and text representation spaces for downstream inference tasks. Contrary to prior beliefs, we demonstrate that the image and text representations learned via a standard contrastive objective are not interchangeable and can lead to inconsistent downstream predictions. To mitigate this issue, we formalize consistency and propose CyCLIP, a framework for contrastive representation learning that explicitly optimizes for the learned representations to be geometrically consistent in the image and text space. In particular, we show that consistent representations can be learned by explicitly symmetrizing (a) the similarity between the two mismatched image-text pairs (cross-modal consistency); and (b) the similarity between the image-image pair and the text-text pair (in-modal consistency). Empirically, we show that the improved consistency in CyCLIP translates to significant gains over CLIP, with gains ranging from 10%-24% for zero-shot classification accuracy on standard benchmarks (CIFAR-10, CIFAR-100, ImageNet1K) and 10%-27% for robustness to various natural distribution shifts. The code is available at https://github.com/goel-shashank/CyCLIP.Comment: 19 pages, 13 tables, 6 figures, Oral at NeuRIPS 202

Fourier–Boas-Like Wavelets and Their Vanishing Moments

In this paper, we propose Fourier–Boas-Like wavelets and obtain sufficient conditions for their higher vanishing moments. A sufficient condition is given to obtain moment formula for such wavelets. Some properties of Fourier–Boas-Like wavelets associated with Riesz projectors are also given. Finally, we formulate a variation diminishing wavelet associated with a Fourier–Boas-Like wavelet

Power Estimation in Sequential Circuits

A new method for power estimation in sequential circuits is presented that is based on a statistical estimation technique. By applying randomly generated input sequences to the circuit, statistics on the latch outputs are collected, by simulation, that allow efficient power estimation for the whole design. An important advantage of this approach is that the desired accuracy can be specified up-front by the user; the algorithm iterates until the specified accuracy is achieved. This has been implemented and tested on a number of sequential circuits and found to be much faster than existing techniques. We can complete the analysis of a circuit with 1,452 flip-flops and 19,253 gates in about 4.6 hours (the largest test case reported previously has 223 flip-flops). I. INTRODUCTION The dramatic decrease in feature size and the corresponding increase in the number of devices on a chip, combined with the growing demand for portable communication and computing systems, have made power consump..

An unusual complication of unsafe abortion

Unsafe abortion is a significant medical and social problem worldwide. In developing countries, most of the unsafe abortions are performed by untrained personnel leading to high mortality and morbidity. Case Report: A 30 year-old female, gravida 7, para 6 underwent uterine evacuation for heavy bleeding per vaginum following intake of abortifacient to abort a 14 weeks gestation. The procedure was performed at a rural setup and her bowel was pulled out of the introitus through the perforated wound, an unusual complication of unsafe abortion. Illiteracy, unawareness about health services, and easy accessibility to untrained abortion providers lead to very high mortality and morbidity in India. There is unmet need to bring awareness among the people about the safe and effective methods of contraception and abortion services to avoid such complications

Use of amorphous TiO₂ deposited on cotton by sol-gel process for de-colorization of direct dye solutions in presence of UV radiation

474-479In this investigation, decolorization of a direct dye solution catalysed by TiO2 coated on a cotton fabric by sol- gel route in presence of UV radiation has been studied. Effect of various process and material parameters like initial dye solution concentration, treatment time and temperature, stirring rate and construction of fabric on dye decolorization extent has been studied. It is observed that with a starting dye solution concentration of 0.1 g/L, almost 80% dye removal can be achieved. It is not possible to improve the decolorization extent beyond 80% by any combination of parameters. X-ray diffraction studies reveal that the form of TiO2 deposited on cotton fabric is not crystalline but amorphous in nature. While the UV radiation intensity and the fabric construction influence the dye decolorization, the treatment temperature and stirring rate do not have much bearing on decolorizing efficiency