Entre el hogar y la cárcel: una historia de vida (des)estructurada por las instituciones penitenciarias

El presente artículo discute las relaciones que se establecen entre las vidas “dentro” y “fuera” de la cárcel, y los impactos del encarcelamiento en el entorno familiar. A partir del relato autobiográfico de una chica, hija de preso, son explorados algunos de los sentidos de la “desestructuración familiar” y de la “normalización” de la experiencia carcelaria en la sociedad contemporánea. Articulando análisis teórica y relato etnográfico, el artículo busca aportar algo en la discusión de las consecuencias sociales del encarcelamiento masivo

Viagens e turismo: dos cenários imaginados às realidades disruptivas

This article covers an analysis of my main papers, produced over the last 30 years. It is an attempt to evaluate how these texts interpreted the different facets of the travel and tourism sector, from the international context that influenced tourism research and teaching in Brazil, to the different characteristics, positive and negative, of the Brazilian scenarios in which tourism has had a difficult and bumpy development, despite the puerile enthusiasm that still surrounds its operation, management, and even research. Some critical points and the controversies that have marked these last decades of tourism in Brazil are commented on, including some of its “myths” or “dogmas” that are part of its history. Finally, it looks at how the Covid-19 pandemic has suddenly truncated the global travel and tourism system, taking the immense sector to its biggest crisis since World War II. What is evident throughout these years is the intensity and speed of the disruptive changes, already detected in the papers of the 1980s and 1990s, which reached increasingly impacting proportions throughout the 21st century.Este artículo cubre un análisis de mis textos principales producidos en los últimos 30 años. Es un intento de evaluar cómo estos textos interpretaron las diferentes facetas del sector de viajes y turismo, desde el contexto internacional que influyó en la investigación y la enseñanza del turismo en Brasil, hasta las diferentes características, positivas y negativas, de los escenarios brasileños en los que el turismo ha tenido un desarrollo difícil y lleno de baches, a pesar del entusiasmo pueril que aún rodea su operación, gestión e incluso investigación. Se comentan algunos puntos críticos y las controversias que han marcado estas últimas décadas de turismo en Brasil, incluidos algunos de sus "mitos" o "dogmas" que forman parte de su historia. Finalmente, analiza cómo la pandemia de Covid-19 ha truncado repentinamente el sistema global de viajes y turismo, llevando al inmenso sector a su mayor crisis desde la Segunda Guerra Mundial. Lo que es evidente a lo largo de estos años es la intensidad y la velocidad de los cambios disruptivos, ya detectados en los textos de los años 1980 y 1990, que alcanzaron proporciones cada vez más impactantes a lo largo del siglo XXI.Esse artigo abrange uma análise dos meus principais textos, produzidos ao longo dos últimos 30 anos. É uma tentativa de avaliar como esses textos interpretaram as diversas facetas do setor de viagens e turismo, desde o contexto internacional que influenciou a pesquisa e o ensino do turismo no Brasil, até as diversas características, positivas e negativas, dos cenários brasileiros em que o turismo teve um difícil e acidentado desenvolvimento, apesar do entusiasmo pueril que ainda cerca sua operação, gestão e até mesmo a pesquisa. São comentados alguns pontos críticos e as polêmicas que marcaram essas últimas décadas do turismo no Brasil, inclusive alguns de seus “mitos” ou “dogmas” que fazem parte de sua história. Finalmente, analisa-se como a pandemia da Covid-19 repentinamente truncou o sistema global de viagens e turismo, levando o imenso setor à sua maior crise desde a Segunda Guerra Mundial. O que fica evidente ao longo desses anos é a intensidade e velocidade das mudanças disruptivas, já detectadas nos textos das décadas de 1980 e 1990, que atingiram proporções cada vez mais impactantes ao longo do século XXI

Bioethics reading of the principle of non-discrimination and non-stigmatization

O presente estudo objetiva realizar, na perspectiva da bioética, uma leitura analítica do artigo 11 da Declaração Universal sobre Bioética e Direitos Humanos (DUBDH) da UNESCO, segundo o qual: “Nenhum indivíduo ou grupo deve ser discriminado ou estigmatizado por qualquer razão, o que constitui violação à dignidade humana, aos direitos humanos e às liberdades fundamentais”. Tendo como referência os direitos humanos universais, são discutidos os seguintes conceitos indispensáveis à compreensão dos processos de produção do estigma e da discriminação: identidade, alteridade, diferença e tolerância. O texto procura demonstrar a centralidade do princípio da não discriminação e não estigmatização na agenda bioética contemporânea, ampliando a discussão para além das questões afetas unicamente aos campos da biotecnociência e da saúde, individual ou coletiva. Nesse sentido, traz para reflexão, além de questões do campo biomédico propriamente dito, aspectos de natureza social, indispensáveis no atual contexto internacional para uma melhor compreensão dos conflitos morais verificados nesse domínio.This paper aims at an analytical reading of Article II of the Universal Declaration on Bioethics and Human Rights (UDBHR), from UNESCO, which states: “No individual or group should be discriminated against or stigmatized on any grounds, in violation of human dignity, human rights and fundamental freedoms”. Taking universal human rights as a reference, the following key concepts are discussed to better understand the processes of producing stigma and discrimination: identity, otherness, difference and tolerance. The text seeks to demonstrate the centrality of the principle of non discrimination and non stigmatization in the contemporary bioethics agenda, extending the discussion beyond questions related only to the bio-techno-science and health fields. In this sense, this paper reflects on social aspects, indispensable to providing a better understanding of moral conflicts in this field in the current international context, besides issues in the biomedical field itself

Ethnical Afro Tourism in Brazil

The article develops a theoretical discussion on the ethnical Afro tourism in Brazil, a theme that just recently has deserved due attention from scholars, and is the motive to which this approach is justified. It has three objectives: 1) to review the history of Afro cultures in Brazil; 2) to identify forces that assure respect for this identities and, 3) to analyze how Afro destinations must be worked within this context. The methodology used is the theoretical reviewing of texts that approach the Afro Brazilian culture, having as background the discussion of cultural studies delimitation. One concludes that the touristic product based upon Afro culture is a viable product in Brazil, although it may prioritize issues like respect, otherness, ethics and valuing of all cultures involved in the process.O artigo desenvolve uma discussão teórica sobre o turismo étnico afro no Brasil. A temática somente recentemente tem merecido a devida atenção dos estudiosos, motivo pelo qual se justifica a abordagem. Os objetivos são três: 1) revisar a história das culturas afros no Brasil; 2) identificar as forças que garantem o respeito a essas identidades e; 3) analisar como os destinos afro devem ser trabalhados neste contexto. A metodologia empregada é a revisão teórica dos textos que abordam a cultura afro brasileira, tendo como pano de fundo da discussão os delineamentos dos estudos culturais. Conclui-se que o produto turístico com base na cultura afro é um produto viável no Brasil, porém deve primar pelos quesitos de respeito, alteridade, ética e valorização de todas as culturas envolvidas no processo

Terapia nutricional em pacientes com câncer do aparelho digestivo

Nutritional status in patients with cancer is a critical determinant of treatment success and life quality. Therapeutic approaches in cancer, including surgery, chemotherapy and radiation, are associated with malnutrition, and drugs used to treat cancer often result in vomiting, mucositis, diarrhea, and dysphagia. The main objective of this research is to understand the effect of nutritional interventions in GI cancer patients, analyzing several studies. For the accomplishment of this study we performed a systematic review of the literature, searching for scientific articles of the following databases PubMed, Bireme and Google academic. Results showed that neoplastic cachexia is a very common clinical manifestation in patients with GI cancer. Early nutritional therapy provides beneficial results in terms of minimizing weight loss, reducing deterioration of nutritional status, and physical function. The first nutritional choice should be the oral route. When patients are unable to ingest caloric and mainly oral protein supply, they may be candidates for NE or NP. Recent studies have suggested the association of enteral and parenteral therapies in reducing postoperative complications and in decreasing hospital stay

Characterization of surface layers on individual marine CaCO₃ particles, using "variable energy" electron probe microanalysis (poster)

The ocean constitutes a large sink for anthropogenic CO2, and thus plays a significant role in the global biogeochemical cycle of carbon and its perturbations. There remain, however, large uncertainties concerning the uptake of anthropogenic carbon by the ocean, mainly due to insufficient knowledge of processes controlling the pCO2 in surface waters. Most of the previous research efforts have been concentrated on the study of CO2 exchange at the air-sea interface due to temperature effects related to the general circulation of water masses or to the biological activity in terms of new production of organic matter and export to deep waters. The effect of precipitation of calcium carbonate by calcifying organisms in the euphotic zone and the redissolution of their skeletons has not been fully taken into account yet. This precipitation-dissolution process affects both the concentration of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and alkalinity and plays thus a significant role in the buffering capacity of seawater and its potential to act as a sink or a source of CO2 for the atmosphere. Quantification of the processes affecting the inorganic carbon cycle is fundamental, not only for the understanding of the present day situation, but also for the predictive studies in the context of global warming. The anthropogenic CO2 can be transferred into or out of the ocean via air-sea exchange as a result of various processes. They include dissolution of CO2 (g) in seawater, photosynthesis and respiration, and precipitation of carbonate particles. During photosynthesis, CaCO3 is precipitated and this carbonate sinks out of the surface layer along with the exported organic carbon. The calcification process modifies the dissolved inorganic carbonate system according to the following reaction:Ca2+ + 2HCO3- CaCO3 + CO2 (g) + H2OThe production of CaCO3 will thus consume alkalinity, increase pCO2 and reduce total DIC in the surface layer of the ocean, driving CO2 from the ocean to the atmosphere.We aim to study the processes associated with the oceanic production and dissolution of CaCO3 in order to quantify the role of calcifying phytoplanktonic organisms in sequestering CO2.Electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) was used for characterization of individual particles for their composition, morphology and dissolution features. Most attention is paid to the concentration of Mg and Sr in CaCO3 particles, because of their effect on the solubility of carbonates and because of the fact that they are characteristic for their origin. In June 2001, a mesocosm experiment: “Biological responses to CO2 - related changes in seawater carbonate chemistry during a bloom of Emiliana huxleyi” was set up at the Large Scale Facility for Marine Pelagic Food Chain Research, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway. Three different pCO2’s (200 ppm, 380 ppm, 700 ppm) were generated in different mesocosms where cultures were grown. Organisms from each of these cultures were analysed using optimised low-Z EPMA technology to examine the difference in calcification. “Variable-energy” EPMA was applied for the characterization of surface layers of the CaCO3-scales of Emiliana huxleyi

Assessment of the bacterial community structure in a Brazilian clay soil treated with atrazine

In the present paper, the bacterial communities in two soils, one from an agricultural sugarcane cropped field and the other from an unperturbed soil with similar geopedological characteristics, were characterized using the Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (FISH) method. FISH consists of in situ identification of bacteria using fluorescent labeled 16S rRNA targeted oligonucleotide probes visualizable under epifluorescence microscope. In the cultivated soil, in line with agricultural practice, the pre-emergence herbicide atrazine had been regularly applied each year at a concentration of 5 L/ha. The Shannon Diversity and Evenness Indices were also calculated using the phylogenetic data obtained from the FISH analysis. Although, at the sampling time (6 months after soil atrazine treatment), no residual herbicide concentration was found, the overall bacterial community results show a lower diversity and evenness in the agricultural soil than in the unperturbed one, demonstrating how microbiological indicators are sensitive to anthropogenic disturbance. In the natural soil, the dominant groups were α-Proteobacteria, β-Proteobacteria, and γ-Proteobacteria (representing more than 50 % of the bacteria), but in the agricultural soil, their abundance decreased significantly and represented just 31 % of the bacteria domain