The Murine Cell Surface Antigen Pc-1 as a Marker for Plasma Cell

The murine plasma cell antigen PC-1 is a cell surface glycoprotein which is disulfic-bond homodimer of Mr 115 kD. It is expressed in large amounts of neoplastic plasma cell and on the majority of haemolytic plaque-forming cells1. It is also found in non-lymphoid tissues.1'2 In this paper a report of detailed distribution of PC-1 in a variety of normal lymphoid tissues using radioiodinated JR-518 monoclonal anti-PC-1 antibody as a probe is given, followed by autoradiography. Because the number of plasma cells in normal condition is very small, mice infected withMesocestoides corti have been used. These M.corti infected mice have high levels of IgGI in their serum (Mitchell et al, 1977). Hence, it was expected that the number of plasma cells may also be increased. Most small lymphocytes are negative of weakly positive. Cells that had morphology of typical plasma cells were mosdy positive. The large immunoglobulm-containing cells found in peritoneum of M.corti infected mice were strongly positive for PC-1. These results show that PC-1 antigen is expressed on normal plasma cells, the normal counterpart of myeloma cells. Therefore it can be used as a plasma surface marker

Transcription factor LSF (TFCP2) inhibits melanoma growth.

Late SV40 factor 3 (LSF), a transcription factor, contributes to human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, decreased expression level of LSF in skin melanoma compared to that in benign melanocytic tumors and nevi in mice and humans was found in this study. Anchorage-dependent and -independent growth of melanoma cells was suppressed by LSF overexpression through an increased percentage of G1 phase cells and an increased p21CIP1 expression level in vitro and in vivo. Anchorage-dependent growth in LSF-overexpressed melanoma cells was promoted by depletion of LSF in the LSF-overexpressed cells. Integrated results of our EMSA and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays showed binding of LSF within a 150-bp upstream region of the transcription start site of p21CIP1 in melanoma cells. Taken together, our results suggest potential roles of LSF as a growth regulator through control of the transcription of p21CIP1 in melanocytes and melanoma cells as well as a biomarker for nevus

The Types and Effectiveness of Voter Mobilization Efforts in the U.S. Presidential Elections of 1828 and 2008

This project is a case study of the types and effectiveness of voter mobilization efforts in the U.S. presidential elections of 1828 and 2008. Political parties, candidate campaigns and interest groups utilize a variety of different voter mobilization tactics with the goal of persuading potential voters to make the leap to become voters. By utilizing newspapers and academic works, I determined the tactics that political organizations deployed to mobilize potential voters in both election years. Innovative mobilization tactics evolved in the presidential elections of 1828 and 2008, including the development of a two-party system and the use of the internet to distribute mobilizing messages which is why I have chosen to study them together. Additionally, the winning candidates of 1828 and 2008 were more representative of the American population. I utilized election result data, ANES and exit polls to determine the effectiveness of voter mobilization efforts at increasing voter turnout rates. Voter turnout rates were compared to turnout rates in neighboring election years to provide context for the dramatic changes that occurred in 1828 and 2008. The evidence suggests that voter mobilization efforts were effective at persuading potential voters to participate

COVID, crisis, and unordinary order: A critical analysis of Australia’s JobKeeper wage subsidy scheme as an exceptional measure

Carl Schmitt’s famous articulation of the relation between sovereignty and the exception emphasises not simply the basis for a suspension of the law in a state of emergency, but the role of the sovereign in deciding upon the existence of the ‘normal situation’, the ‘everyday frame of life’ which the law requires to function. Our pandemic times have included extreme biopolitical measures deployed to manage the health crisis, but also unprecedented political responses to regularise or stabilise the economic order. One example is Australia’s historic JobKeeper wage subsidy scheme. As law, it was given life by an executive power predicated on nationhood and enlivened by crisis. As policy, it was intended to help businesses retain workers through targeted, proportionate support. In reality, it also provided significant protections and even windfalls to corporations and their investors, leading to critiques of the scheme as corporate welfare. However, rather than highlighting deficiencies of the JobKeeper programme, these outcomes underscore its ultimate function. This article analyses the relationship between norm, exception, and order in the context of Australia’s flagship economic-policy response to the pandemic. First, by analysing the mutually constitutive relationship between norm and exception, employing the theories of Carl Schmitt and Giorgio Agamben. Second, by critically examining the legislative basis for JobKeeper, its political narrative and practical outcomes. Third, by demonstrating that the scheme, though an extraordinary departure from policy, can be understood as fundamentally a different and exceptional method to secure and reproduce our neoliberal corporate order in a state of exception

Directors' duties, CSR and the JobKeeper wage subsidy scheme

This article contributes to the ongoing debate regarding the construction of directors’ duties to act in the best interests of the corporation and their relationship to corporate social responsibility (‘CSR’) and related concepts. It begins by revisiting the neoliberal ideas underpinning the nexus of contracts theory of the corporation as the root of shareholder primacy in Anglo-American corporate governance. Asking whether these theorisations are appropriate in the Australian context and canvassing the evolving interpretation of directors’ duties, this article argues that Australia can still reasonably be said to be a shareholder primacy jurisdiction. Stakeholders’ interests and CSR considerations might be permissible factors in directors’ decision-making, but only derivatively to the interests of shareholders. Using corporate profiteering from the JobKeeper wage subsidy scheme as a case study, this article argues that the outcomes for which the scheme was criticised, and the response of directors to demands to repay unneeded subsidies, are consistent with and legitimated by theory, law and governance principles which maintain shareholder primacy and which might permit but neither compel nor meaningfully encourage socially responsible corporate behaviour. is analysis highlights not only the importance of designing ‘the rules of the game’ to prevent their (lawful) exploitation by corporations, but also the limited effectiveness of our current voluntaristic CSR regime in delivering more conscientious corporate behaviour beyond mere compliance with law