Idea of right application. Robert Frost’s motive of going beyond rightly applied to spiritual issues

The first aim of this article is an attempt to explain some terminological questions in the field of texts interpretation, here especially of poetry, which bears the character of a theological source (locus theologicus). This aim has been achieved by the idea of the right application of a text, which means respect for its original meaning and at the same time the transition of this meaning beyond the line of direct analysis and interpretation to an outer circle of religious and spiritual issues. This idea in its two forms of the yes- or the yes but-application shows how reading poetry can stimulate life decisions and shape somebody’s spiritual attitude.The second aim of my paper is to expose the right application through the motive of going beyond which has emerged from the poetical work by Robert Frost – one of the most outstanding and prominent artists of the twentieth century.Pierwszym celem niniejszego artykułu jest próba uporządkowania pewnych terminologicznych kwestii w zakresie interpretacji tekstów, szczególnie poezji posiadającej status miejsca teologicznego (locus theologicus). Ów cel został zrealizowany przez propozycję wprowadzenia pojęcia właściwej aplikacji tekstu (the right application), która oznacza pełne respektowanie oryginalnego znaczenia tekstu z jednoczesnym przeniesieniem go poza granicę ścisłej analizy i interpretacji do kręgu problematyki życia duchowego i religijnego. W swoich dwóch formach, aplikacji pozytywnej (yes-application) oraz warunkowej (yes but-application), właściwa aplikacja ukazuje, jak czytanie poezji może stymulować życiowe decyzje i określać kształt duchowości.Drugim celem artykułu jest praktyczne przedstawienie tej idei poprzez opracowanie motywu przekraczania granic, zaczerpniętego z poezji Roberta Frosta, jednego z najwybitniejszych i wspaniałych artystów dwudziestego stulecia

Hospice Counsellor Facing the Grief of the Terminally Ill Child and Its Family

The child’s illness, suffering and death provoke many emotions in  the family. The ill child and its family both experience grief which is an emotional reaction to the danger of losing health or life. Support offered by home hospices for children aims at overcoming the destructive influence of illness. A hospice counsellor’s task is to improve the ill child and its family’s quality of life. He is helping the family overcome grief and prepare for the child’s death. The hospice team supports the family members who experience anticipatory and later, actual mourning. Preventing pathological effects of grief is a basic challenge for people who offer help

A child’s loneliness in the family as a challenge for modern pedagogy

The problem of loneliness has become more and more common in society. It affects the family which is a place of physical and spiritual closeness. A child’s isolation in the family is related to many factors. It may be caused by the parents’ emotional indifference or the child’s serious illness. The disturbances may be painful for the child who often cannot fight the sense of isolation. Attempts to counteract the sense of loneliness are connected with pedagogical action. It should be based on permanent values which extend the scope of support offered to the family. Strengthening the family system makes it possible to overcome the child’s sense of loneliness.The problem of loneliness has become more and more common in society. It affects the family which is a place of physical and spiritual closeness. A child’s isolation in the family is related to many factors. It may be caused by the parents’ emotional indifference or the child’s serious illness. The disturbances may be painful for the child who often cannot fight the sense of isolation. Attempts to counteract the sense of loneliness are connected with pedagogical action. It should be based on permanent values which extend the scope of support offered to the family. Strengthening the family system makes it possible to overcome the child’s sense of loneliness

The child-nature-time relationship - New challenges for special education in the 21st century – study report

The objective of the article is to show an individual’s relationship with nature in the context of the nature deficit disorder. In light of the limited volume of Polish studies concerning children and nature, the author had conducted a study concerning the relationship between children with special education needs and nature. The research shown in this article is part of a broader study conducted by the author of the article and concerning the nature deficit disorder

„Wymuszona, konieczna niedogodność” – zdalne nauczanie w sytuacji pandemii COVID-19 w refleksji rodziców

Parents involved in their child’s distance education process during the COVID-19 pandemic situation reflected on their acquired experiences and described them for this study. A qualitative analysis of 169 statements of respondents showed their critical attitude towards the way distance teaching is being implemented. Parents point out the inconveniences they face during their everyday help in their children’s learning process and organising family life. They assess the quality of remote teaching, highlighting its advantages and shortcomings. Respondents assess the teachers’ work thoroughly, appreciating their efforts but also pointing out deficiencies in their commitment and didactic skills. They emphasise the advantages of online teaching.Rodzice zaangażowani w proces zdalnej edukacji dziecka w sytuacji pandemii COVID-19 nabyli doświadczeń, które opisali w formie refleksji. Jakościowa analiza 169 wypowiedzi respondentów pokazała ich krytyczne ustosunkowanie wobec sposobu wdrażania zdalnej formy nauczania. Rodzice zwracają uwagę na niedogodności, z jakimi się zmagają w co-dziennym pomaganiu dziecku w nauce oraz organizacji życia rodzinnego. Dokonują oceny jakości zdalnego nauczania, podkreślają jego walory i mankamenty. Respondenci poddają wnikliwej ocenie pracę nauczycieli, doceniają ich trud, ale także wykazują braki w ich zaangażowaniu oraz umiejętnościach dydaktycznych. Podkreślają walory nauczania prowadzonego w formie online

Comparing the effects of ten weeks of equipped vs. non-equipped training on performance in collegiate powerlifters

Advances in powerlifting equipment have enabled athletes in that sport to achieve lifts once thought impossible. The effect of training using specialized powerlifting gear on performance has not yet been studied. PURPOSE: To examine the effects of powerlifting equipment on performance measures before and after 10 weeks of training. It was hypothesized that equipped lifters would achieve higher total training volumes and greater performance gains in the squat, bench press, and deadlift. METHODS: Eighteen powerlifters between the ages of 18 and 26 were randomized into either a group that trained and competed in equipment (Eq), or trained and competed without equipment (Non). Before and after the program changes in training volume, volume progression, and handgrip and vertical jump, and performance were assessed. RESULTS: Training volume increased significantly in the first 4 weeks for both groups. During this phase, volume lifted for the squat and the totals was slightly greater in the Eq. There were no differences in handgrip and vertical jump after training in either group. There was a significant increase in squat (ª19.05}30.97lbs, p=0.02), dead lift (ª19.05}21.17lbs, p=0.001) and the Total score (ª44.00}60.44lbs, p=0.005) for both groups combined. The improvements in the squat (Eq= 33.85 vs. Non= 5.74, p=0.07), and the totals (Eq= 66.59 vs. Non= 23.67, p=0.15) were more meaningful in the Eq. Both groups showed a significant and similar increase in the Wilks scores (+13.54 points, p=0.03). CONCLUSIONS: There was a trend towards greater volume progression in Eq during the first four weeks of training. However, training volume and progression, handgrip and vertical jump were not statistically different between groups. Both groups significantly improved performance for the squat, and deadlift, and had higher totals, and Wilks scores, indicating significant strength gains. The greater magnitude of improvements in the squat and totals for the Eq lifters suggests a potential for a meaningful competitive advantage when training with specialized powerlifting gear

The inner mindscape of art-art therapy as a support of socialization of disabled people

The main aim of this article is to present role of art therapy in the process of disable people socialization. The article presents short characteristic of disability, socialization and social integration and art therapy. In the end there are presented descriptions of disable artist

Wymiary postawy posłuszeństwa w wybranych kazaniach Fabiana Birkowskiego OP (1566–1636)

Birkowski’s sermons show a deep vision of obedience which constitutes a program of spiritual life with its particular dimensions. Obedience as a man’s response to God’s plan is a way of getting all goods prepared by God and God alone, i.e. an ultimate accomplishment of a human heart. This posture means a crucial point of restoration of harmony of creatures made in relation to Jesus through Him the universe is subordinated to the Father. Christ’s submission embraces fulfilment of the Father’s will which expresses itself in service to people and in undergoing an evil in order to redeem the world. Inside this perspective every follower of Christ has to involve his whole spiritual life in obedience so that the corporal offering is supplemented by an act of free will and reason to turn from subjectivism towards real happiness. A very specific dimension of obedience concerns mystical life in which human ordinary way of cooperation with grace is to be replaced by mystical passivity. Thanks to it man is being nourished with new food of contemplation in a rhythm of progressive gratification.The Birkowski’s apprehension reflects good points of early modern Catholic theology that is an optimistic vision of man and his liaison with grace. This program enables him to shape his spiritual experience in every respect by supplying rules of life and divine power. The complete system formulated by Birkowski can be regarded as an outstanding achievement against the background of Polish early modern spirituality along with Akademia pobożności (Krakow 1628) by the other Dominican Mikołaj Mościcki. Their mystical threads are also an interesting issue at the beginning of the XVII c., which turned out a flourishing period called later A Golden Age of Polish Spirituality.Birkowski’s sermons show a deep vision of obedience which constitutes a program of spiritual life with its particular dimensions. Obedience as a man’s response to God’s plan is a way of getting all goods prepared by God and God alone, i.e. an ultimate accomplishment of a human heart. This posture means a crucial point of restoration of harmony of creatures made in relation to Jesus through Him the universe is subordinated to the Father. Christ’s submission embraces fulfilment of the Father’s will which expresses itself in service to people and in undergoing an evil in order to redeem the world. Inside this perspective every follower of Christ has to involve his whole spiritual life in obedience so that the corporal offering is supplemented by an act of free will and reason to turn from subjectivism towards real happiness. A very specific dimension of obedience concerns mystical life in which human ordinary way of cooperation with grace is to be replaced by mystical passivity. Thanks to it man is being nourished with new food of contemplation in a rhythm of progressive gratification.The Birkowski’s apprehension reflects good points of early modern Catholic theology that is an optimistic vision of man and his liaison with grace. This program enables him to shape his spiritual experience in every respect by supplying rules of life and divine power. The complete system formulated by Birkowski can be regarded as an outstanding achievement against the background of Polish early modern spirituality along with Akademia pobożności (Krakow 1628) by the other Dominican Mikołaj Mościcki. Their mystical threads are also an interesting issue at the beginning of the XVII c., which turned out a flourishing period called later A Golden Age of Polish Spirituality

Emocjonalne dojrzewanie dzieci i młodzieży w medialnym społeczeństwie

Developing the emotional maturity of children and teenagers is one of the most important aims of the educational process. The mass media has a great impact on individuals, therefore their role in shaping one’s personality needs to be recognized and explained as they may facilitate the educational process. Ignoring the media’s role or using it inappropriately poses a lot of dangers connected with the destruction of the child’s emotional sphere, e. g. control disorders, a lack of emotional stability or the inability to deal with emotions in difficult situations. Professional support may help the individual to avoid these problems.Wychowanie dziecka i nastolatka do emocjonalnej dojrzałości jest jednym z podstawowych celów oddziaływań wychowawczych. Wśród środowisk, które mają istotny wpływ wychowawczy na jednostkę, należy dostrzec i wyjaśnić rolę, którą w procesie kształtowania osobowości wychowanka odgrywają mass media. Stwarzają one szansę na usprawnienie i udoskonalenie procesu wychowania. Pomijanie roli mediów lub ich niewłaściwe użycie stwarza wiele zagrożeń, wśród których podkreślić należy te, które wiążą się z destrukcją sfery emocjonalnej dziecka i nastolatka, a więc zaburzenia kontroli i stabilności emocjonalnej, brak zróżnicowania emocjonalnego czy też nieradzenie sobie z emocjami w trudnych sytuacjach życia. Profesjonalne wsparcie wychowawcze daje szansę uniknięcia zasygnalizowanych trudności

Wychowanie w rodzinie jako czynnik kształtujący postawę tolerancji społecznej

Tolerance is closely connected with upbringing. Forming one’s personality within the family environment influences the quality of attitudes in the society. The educational process aimed at developing tolerance emphasizes that the value of a person should always be most important. Partnership in the family which forms the basis for democratic upbringing is a crucial element helping to develop tolerance. The upbringing based on relationships which are not distorted may be very effective. To enable the family to base their life on genuine partnership it is necessary to refer to universal values during the educational process. Selfless love which should be the foundation of life and upbringing is the best guarantee of social tolerance.Tolerance is closely connected with upbringing. Forming one’s personality within the family environment influences the quality of attitudes in the society. The educational process aimed at developing tolerance emphasizes that the value of a person should always be most important. Partnership in the family which forms the basis for democratic upbringing is a crucial element helping to develop tolerance. The upbringing based on relationships which are not distorted may be very effective. To enable the family to base their life on genuine partnership it is necessary to refer to universal values during the educational process. Selfless love which should be the foundation of life and upbringing is the best guarantee of social tolerance