DILEMA PENEGAKAN HUKUM PENYELESAIAN PERTAMBANGAN TANPA IZIN

Aktivitas pertambangan tanpa izin yang dilakukan masyarakat berlangsung selama bertahun-tahun dan merupakan warisan secara turun-temurun. Dimana maraknya aktivitas penambangan emas ilegal yang dilakukan dengan metode tradisional, telah memberikan dampak yang sangat besar, tidak hanya terhadap kelangsungan ekosistem lingkungan hidup, tetapi juga terhadap kehidupan masyarakat yang bertempat tinggal di sekitar wilayah pertambangan, diantaranya ancaman kecelakaan tambang serta penyebaran penyakit yang diakibatkan oleh pencemaran bahan kimia berbahaya pada tanah dan air. Bahkan aktivitas pertambangan tanpa izin telah menyebabkan pendapatan daerah yang bersumber dari sektor tambang menjadi berkurang, terganggunya iklim investasi yang kondusif serta munculnya berbagai konflik sosial, dalam rangka mengoptimalkan upaya penanggulangan aktivitas pertambangan tanpa izin, maka dapat dilakukan langkah-langkah melalui penerapan upaya penal meliputi penerapan sanksi pidana terhadap pihak-pihak yang terlibat dalam aktivitas penambangan emas ilegal sesuai dengan ketentuan yang termaktub dalam peraturan perundang-undangan maupun non penal dengan mendorong pemerintah untuk meningkatkan upaya pembinaan, pengawasan dan pengendalian pengelolaan kegiatan usaha pertambangan serta mengubah pola pikir masyarakat dalam melaksanakan aktivitas penambangan melalui program kemitraan usaha dengan perusahaan pemegang izin usaha pertambangan. Unlicensed mining activities carried out by the community last for years and are a legacy passed down from generation to generation. Where the illegal gold mining activities carried out using traditional methods have had a huge impact, not only on the sustainability of the environmental ecosystem, but also on the lives of the people who live around mining areas, including the threat of mining accidents and the spread of diseases caused by Pollution of hazardous chemicals in soil and water. In fact, mining activities without permits have reduced regional income from the mining sector, disrupted a conducive investment climate and the emergence of various social conflicts. criminal sanctions against parties involved in illegal gold mining activities in accordance with the provisions contained in laws and regulations and non-penalty by encouraging the government to increase efforts to foster, supervise and control the management of mining business activities and change the mindset of the community in carrying out mining activities through a business partnership program with companies holding mining business permits

New methods for EXAFS analysis in structural genomics

Data analysis is one of the remaining bottlenecks in high-throughput EXAFS for structural genomics. Here some recent developments in methodology are described that offer the potential for rapid and automated XAS analysis of metalloproteins

The contact fatigue and the wear of DADI class aluminum cast iron

AbstractIn the present work there are given the results of experimental investigations of contact fatigue and the wear of deformable high strength ADI (DADI) class aluminum cast iron depending on the phase ratio in metallic matrix. It is shown that: Modification of cast iron melt with the magnesium vapor gives the opportunity the low silica (0.5–0.7% Si) high strength cast iron to be received, in which the concentration of sulfur will not exceed 0.002%. Besides, the type and degree of austenite transformation of the received cast iron can easily be varied so that required ratio of phase components such as upper bainite, lower bainite, martensite, carbide and the retained austenite could be provided in the metallic matrix and therefore the hardness in the range of 30-57HRC can be given. The wear rolling and rolling with creep tests carried out on the specimens tempered till different levels of hardness showed strong dependence of contact fatigue and the wear on the amount of retained austenite in the samples with optimal ratio, required for keeping the high wear resistance of wearing surfaces, of bainite and martensite phase components in the matrix structure. The stated parameters of the contact fatigue and the wear gives us reason to treat the high strength DADI class aluminum cast iron as an efficient substitute for the expensive steel as a constructional material for manufacturing the critical parts for high pressure multistep gas pumping compressors

Forensic Anthropology Case Team

IMPACT. 1: FACT offers scientific expertise in archeological field methods and osteological laboratory methods to the community to help resolve medicolegal death investigations, at no charge. -- 2. Since 2010, FACT has been involved in over 25 prehistoric, historic, and modern investigations involving human and non-human remains. -- 3. FACT provides team members with opportunities for professional development, improving leadership and transdisciplinary team-based skills, and applying advanced training in anthropology, anatomy, and statistics received from OSU.OSU PARTNERS: Department of Anthropology; Department of Public Safety; Division of AnatomyCOMMUNITY PARTNERS: Academy of Pharmacy of Central Ohio; Belmont County Sherriff's Office; Clark County Coroner's Office; Clark County Sherriff's Office; Columbus Police Department; Franklin County Coroner's Office; K9 Response Search and Rescue; Lima Police Department; Mansfield Police Department; Mount Tabor Cemetery Association; Ohio Bureau of Criminal Investigation and Identification; Ohio State Chapter of Sigma Xi; Ohio Valley Archaeology, Inc.; PAST Innovation Lab; Perry County Sherriff's Office; Powell Police Department; Search and Rescue Ohio; Six River Valley Chapter of the Archaeological Society of Ohio; Upper Arlington Citizen; Police Academy; Village of Fort Jennings, OH; Westerville Police DepartmentPRIMARY CONTACT: Timothy P. Gocha ([email protected]); Samuel D. Stout ([email protected]); Jules R. Angel (angel.29@edu)FACT serves the Ohio community by assisting government agencies search for, recover, and identify human remains. The team comprises faculty and graduate students possessing a high level of scientific competence and ethical standing while promoting the highest quality of professional and personal conduct. FACT facilitates training programs for medicolegal, law enforcement, and search and rescue professionals. The team engages in outreach to dispel myths about forensic science and mentors students interested in forensic science

Heuristic Optimization of a New Type of Prestressed Arched Truss

[EN] This paper represents new approaches for calculating, designing, and optimizing prestressed arched trusses with a tie member. Structural systems with long spans, such as trusses, beams, frames, etc., are subjected to a considerable/substantial risk of losing load-carrying capacity because of the different types of loads used. Some traditional design methods define the values of prestressing force in the tie member and internal forces in the truss elements to avoid this load capacity loss. However, the accuracy and limits of the determination of the forces are not necessarily known. The authors offer a new type of prestressed arched truss and some new approaches in the design and calculation process to solve these disadvantages. The study¿s main objectives were to design an innovative and new geometric form of prestressed arched truss, which allows the development of high-value prestressing force, to optimize a new truss for reducing self-weight, increasing load-carrying capacity compared to its analogs. The force, stiffness matrix, and simulated annealing methods were used during the study. A new advance to the optimization of prestressed arched truss suggested by the authors reduces the self-weight and improves the load capacity of the truss by 8¿17%, depending on the span.This research was funded by the Erasmus Mundus Action 2 Project Electra: Enhancing Learning in ENPI Countries through Clean Technologies and Research related Activities (project: ELEC1400294), Erasmus+ program InnoCENS-Enhancing innovation competences and entrepreneurial skills in engineering education (project: 573965-EPP-1-2016-1-SE-EPPKA2-CBHE-JP). Grant PID2020-117056RB-I00 funded by MCIN/AEI/ 10.13039/501100011033 and by ERDF A way of making Europe.Partskhaladze, G.; Alcalá-González, J.; Medzmariashvili, E.; Chavleshvili, G.; Surguladze, B.; Yepes, V. (2022). Heuristic Optimization of a New Type of Prestressed Arched Truss. Materials. 15(22):1-20. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15228144120152

The bears from Dmanisi and the first dispersal of early Homo out of Africa

We report on the taxonomy and paleodiet of the bear population that inhabited the emblematic palaeoanthropological Early Pleistocene (1.8 Ma) site of Dmanisi (Georgia), based on a dual approach combining morphometrics and microwear of upper and lower teeth. Given that the teeth of Ursus etruscus Cuvier, 1823 from Dmanisi show considerable size variability, their systematic position has been debated. However, a comparative study of the coefficients of variation for tooth size measurements in several modern bear species shows that the variability in tooth size of the ursid population from Dmanisi could result from sexual dimorphism. The analysis of tooth microwear indicates that these bears inhabited a mixed environment of open plain with forest patches, where they had a browsing diet with a substantial contribution of meat and/or fish. Comparative tooth morphometric analyses of modern ursids and fossil U. etruscus indicate that this extinct species had an omnivorous behavior similar to that of extant brown bears. The ecological interactions of the Dmanisi bears with other members of the large mammals community, including the first hominins that dispersed out of Africa, are discussed in the light of this new evidence