737 research outputs found
Rethinking Crime, Community, & Justice: A Symposium for Practitioners and Volunteers
On June 25, 2018 a symposium hosted by Sheridan College in Brampton, Ontario focused on the role of crime, community and justice with an emphasis on the role of the voluntary sector. 80 people were in attendance, including criminal justice practitioners, scholars, voluntary sector practitioners, faith groups and students. Financial support for the event from Sheridan’s Scholarship, Research & Creative Activities fund. Opening remarks were provided by Dr. Mary Louise Noce, Associate Dean of the School of Community Studies. The keynote lecture was delivered by Dr. Philippa Tomczak, on the sociology of the Penal Voluntary Sector. Delegates from academia and practice presented papers on the role of the voluntary sector in the youth and adult systems in Canada. Presenters included Garry Glowacki and his team at the Bridge Prison Ministry, Dr. Rai Reece, Kaitlyn Quinn and Abigail Salole. The symposium was infused by art curated by the Bridge Prison Ministry. Sessions Insight from the Trenches Garry Glowacki, Richard and Natalie, The Bridge Prison Ministry “Horticulture, Healing and Hope”: Examining the Efficacy of Apprenticeship Programs for Incarcerated Women Dr. Rai Reece, Humber College The Politics of helping: Examining divergent practices in the penal voluntary fields Kaitlyn Quinn, University of Toronto It’s Kinda Punishment: Mechanical measures and the legitimacy of youth justice work Abigail Salole, Sheridan College Closing Session: Mississauga’s Poet Laureate Wali Shahhttps://source.sheridancollege.ca/conferences_fahcs_crimesymposium2018/1000/thumbnail.jp
Using Radical Adult Education to Map Change in a Globalized World
Radical adult education using a sociological frame can support adult educators to see their roles as change agents within their spheres of influence. Using cultural mapping, adult educators define these spheres, stake claims, set benchmarks, grow networks, or develop participatory action research within the identified community
Why did foraging, horticulture and pastoralism persist after the Neolithic transition? The oasis theory of agricultural intensification
Despite the global spread of intensive agriculture, many populations retained foraging or mixed subsistence strategies until well into the twentieth century. Understanding why has been a longstanding puzzle. One explanation, called the marginal habitat hypothesis, is that foraging persisted because foragers tended to live in marginal habitats generally not suited to agriculture. However, recent empirical studies have not supported this view. The alternative but untested oasis hypothesis of agricultural intensification claims that intensive agriculture developed in areas with low biodiversity and a reliable water source not reliant on local rainfall. We test both the marginal habitat and oasis hypotheses using a cross-cultural sample drawn from the 'Ethnographic atlas' (Murdock 1967 Ethnology 6, 109–236). Our analyses provide support for both hypotheses. We found that intensive agriculture was unlikely in areas with high rainfall. Further, high biodiversity, including pathogens associated with high rainfall, appears to have limited the development of intensive agriculture. Our analyses of African societies show that tsetse flies, elephants and malaria are negatively associated with intensive agriculture, but only the effect of tsetse flies reached significance. Our results suggest that in certain ecologies intensive agriculture may be difficult or impossible to develop but that generally lower rainfall and biodiversity is favourable for its emergence
Downsizing the Channel Length of Vertical Organic Electrochemical Transistors
Organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) are promising building blocks for bioelectronic devices such as While the majority of OECTs use simple planar geometry, there is interest in exploring how these devices operate with much shorter channels on the submicron scale. Here, we show a practical route toward the minimization of the channel length of the transistor using traditional photolithography, enabling large-scale utilization. We describe the fabrication of such transistors using two types of conducting polymers. First, commercial solution-processed poly(dioxyethylenethiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate), PEDOT:PSS. Next, we also exploit the short channel length to support easy in situ electropolymerization of poly(dioxyethylenethiophene):tetrabutyl ammonium hexafluorophosphate, PEDOT:PF6. Both variants show different promising features, leading the way in terms of transconductance (gm), with the measured peak gm up to 68 mS for relatively thin (280 nm) channel layers on devices with the channel length of 350 nm and with widths of 50, 100, and 200 m. This result suggests that the use of electropolymerized semiconductors, which can be easily customized, is viable with vertical geometry, as uniform and thin layers can be created. Spin-coated PEDOT:PSS lags behind with the lower values of gm; however, it excels in terms of the speed of the device and also has a comparably lower off current (300 nA), leading to unusually high on/off ratio, with values up to 8.6 × 104. Our approach to vertical gap devices is simple, scalable, and can be extended to other applications where small electrochemical channels are desired
Prominent members of the human gut microbiota express endo-acting O-glycanases to initiate mucin breakdown
Epithelial cells that line the gut secrete complex glycoproteins that form a mucus layer to protect the gut wall from enteric pathogens. Here, the authors provide a comprehensive characterisation of endo-acting glycoside hydrolases expressed by mucin-degrading members of the microbiome that are able to cleave the O-glycan chains of a range of different animal and human mucins
Water, Huacas, and ancestor worship: Traces of a sacred Wari landscape
During the Middle Horizon (A.D. 540-900) the Wari of the central highlands Ayacucho region expanded their control into many parts of the Andes. While different motives have been cited for Wari state expansion, we suggest that a severe and prolonged drought during the sixth century may have played a significant role. We posit that the Wari responded to this environmental crisis not only by seeking practical solutions, such as securing productive land outside the heartland, but also by implementing religious practices intended to cosmologically restore fertility to drought-stricken areas and validate acquisition of arable land in foreign territories. Using a model of Inka ideology developed by Peter Gose, we propose that a strong religious complex involving ancestor worship, huacas, and the cosmological control of water led the Wari to seek out and control locations where water could be drawn from supernatural sources. The presence of large bodies of water near major Wari administrative sites as well as other natural phenomena, particularly certain mountains, rock formations, and large stones, and site offerings of Spondylus, copper, and stone figurines support this model. A sacred Wari landscape is thus seen as complementary to the established political landscape and providing a supernatural justification. Copyright© 2003 by the Society for American Archaeology
Well-defined electrochemical switching of amphiphilic glycolated poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)
The approach of using polyether, aka glycol, side chains to afford amphiphilicity to conducting polymers has recently emerged as a powerful technique for next-generation materials for bioelectronics and electrochemical devices. Herein we apply this synthetic logic to the archetypical conducting polymer poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene), PEDOT, to generate a glycolated PEDOT analogue, G-PEDOT. We report on the electropolymerization of this material, and its electrochemical properties: including spectroelectrochemistry, electrochemical capacitance, and operation of microelectrodes and electrochemical transistors. While in many respects performing like PEDOT, G-PEDOT has electrochemical switching within lower potentials with complete de-doping at lower potentials, affording transistors with higher on/off ratios than PEDOT, and electrochromic switching within a smaller electrochemical window. Overall, G-PEDOT emerges as a useful, functional alternative to other PEDOT derivatives, and could be a building block in copolymers.Funding Agencies|National Science Centre, Poland [2019/33/B/ST5/01212]; European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union [949191]; city council of Brno, Czech Republic; MEYS CR [LM2018110]</p
Comparison of high- and low-dose 4-factor prothrombin complex concentrate for the emergent reversal of oral Factor Xa inhibitors
Even though there are several reversal strategies available for oral Factor Xa inhibitor associated coagulopathies, 4-factor prothrombin complex concentrate (4F-PCC) is used commonly as the primary reversal agent at many institutions. A dose of 50 units/kg is recommended as safe and effective with growing data suggesting that a lower dosing strategy may be sufficient. This retrospective study included adult patients who received either high-dose (50 units/kg; maximum dose: 5000 units) or low-dose (25 units/kg; maximum dose: 2500 units) 4F-PCC for the emergent reversal of oral Factor Xa inhibitor-related life threatening bleeding. The primary outcome was the attainment of hemostatic effectiveness. Secondary outcomes were rates of thromboembolic events and inpatient mortality. 47 patients were included in the analysis of which 24 patients received high-dose and 23 patients received low-dose 4F-PCC. Overall hemostatic effectiveness was 87.5% in the high-dose group and 91.3% in the low-dose group. Thromboembolic event rate was 8.3% in the high-dose group compared to 4.4% within the low-dose group and inpatient mortality rate was 8.3% in the high-dose group and 4.4% in the low-dose group. Low-dose 4F-PCC (25 units/kg, maximum dose: 2500 units) for the reversal of oral Factor Xa inhibitors is a cost-effective alternative to high-dose 4F-PCC (50 units/kg; maximum dose: 5000 units) and provides effective hemostasis without increased rates of thromboembolic events or inpatient mortality
Ultrathin Paper Microsupercapacitors for Electronic Skin Applications
Ultrathin devices are rapidly developing for skin-compatible medical applications and wearable electronics. Powering skin-interfaced electronics requires thin and lightweight energy storage devices, where solution-processing enables scalable fabrication. To attain such devices, a sequential deposition is employed to achieve all spray-coated symmetric microsupercapacitors (mu SCs) on ultrathin parylene C substrates, where both electrode and gel electrolyte are based on the cheap and abundant biopolymer, cellulose. The optimized spraying procedure allows an overall device thickness of approximate to 11 mu m to be obtained with a 40% active material volume fraction and a resulting volumetric capacitance of 7 F cm(-3). Long-term operation capability (90% of capacitance retention after 10(4) cycles) and mechanical robustness are achieved (1000 cycles, capacitance retention of 98%) under extreme bending (rolling) conditions. Finite element analysis is utilized to simulate stresses and strains in real-sized mu SCs under different bending conditions. Moreover, an organic electrochromic display is printed and powered with two serially connected mu-SCs as an example of a wearable, skin-integrated, fully organic electronic application.Funding Agencies|European Research Council (ERC) under the European Unions Horizon 2020 research and innovation programEuropean Research Council (ERC) [949191]; city council of Brno, Czech Republic</p
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