Introduction

John Barclay's Argenis (1621) is a Neo-Latin political romance that tells the story of the chaste passion of the only daughter of the king of Sicily for a foreign nobleman to whom she is secretly betrothed. It was one of the most widely read and imitated novels of the seventeenth century, with numerous prose translations, abridgements, and sequels in all the major languages of Europe. Although a great novel does not necessarily make a great play, Barclay's story also had authentic dramatic potential, and it was adapted for the stage five times, in French (twice), Spanish, German, and Italian, from the 1620s to the end of the century. This essay introduces the main features of Barclay's work, sketches its literary and political context, and suggests reasons why Barclay's stimulating combination of politics and romance was so attractive to the three playwrights discussed in this cluster: Pierre Du Ryer, Pedro Calderón de la Barca, and Christian Weise.Argenis (1621) de John Barclay es una novela bizantina (o 'romance') neo-latina, de tema político y amoroso, que narra la pasión casta que siente la única hija del rey de Sicilia por un noble extranjero, con el cual se ha desposado en secreto. Era una de las novelas más leídas e imitadas del siglo XVII, con numerosas traducciones, refundiciones y secuelas en todos los idiomas principales de Europa. Aunque una gran novela no hace necesariamente una gran obra de teatro, la historia de Barclay tenía auténticas posibilidades dramáticas, y fue adaptada para el teatro cinco veces, en francés (dos veces), español, alemán e italiano, desde los años veinte hasta el fin del siglo. Este ensayo describe las características principales de la novela de Barclay, esboza su contexto político y literario, y avanza algunas hipótesis para explicar por qué la combinación apasionante de política y amor era tan atractiva para los tres dramaturgos estudiados en este 'cluster': Pierre Du Ryer, Pedro Calderón de la Barca, y Christian Weise

The search for exudates from Eurasian watermilfoil and hydrilla

Secondary metabolites are produced by aquatic plants, and in some instances, exudation of these metabolites into the surrounding water has been detected. To determine whether infestations of Eurasian watermilfoil or hydrilla produce such exudates, plant tissues and water samples were collected from laboratory cultures and pond populations and were analyzed using solid phase extraction, HPLC, and various methods of mass spectrometry including electrospray ionization, GC/MS, electron impact and chemical ionization. Previously reported compounds such as tellimagrandin II (from Eurasian watermilfoil) and a caffeic acid ester (from hvdrilla), along with a newly discovered flavonoid, cyanidin 3 dimalonyl glucoside (from hydrilla), were readily detected in plant tissues used in this research but were not detected in any of the water samples. If compounds are being released, as suggested by researchers using axenic cultures, we hypothesize that they may be rapidly degraded by bacteria and therefore undetectable

Clearigate ® Treatments for Control of Giant Salvinia

Results of recent field trials using the chelated copper formulation Clearigate® 4 showed that applying a 20% solution by volume was effective for controlling populations of giant salvinia in irrigation canals. 5 Lower rates may be efficacious, thereby reducing chemical use and cost; however, little is known about the dose-response effects of Clearigate® against giant salvinia. The objective of this study was to determine the effective rate range of chelated copper applied as Clearigate® for control of giant salvinia

Comparative Efficacy of Diquat for Control of Two Members of the Hydrocharitaceae: Elodea and Hydrilla

The submersed plants hydrilla (Hydrilla verticillata (L.f.) Royle) and elodea (Elodea canadensis Rich.) are both members of the Hydrocharitaceae family and cause problems in waterways throughout the world. Diquat (6,7-dihydrodipyrido[1,2-α:2’,1’-c]pyrazinediium dibromide) is a contact herbicide used to control nuisance submersed and floating aquatic macrophytes. There is no readily available information in the literature on the control of elodea under various diquat concentration and exposure times (CET) and other than a study by Van et. al 1987, little on hydrilla. Since CET relationships are critical in controlling submersed plants in areas influenced by water exchange, this study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of diquat on hydrilla and elodea under various CET scenarios. (PDF has 3 pages.

The cell biology of Listeria monocytogenes infection: the intersection of bacterial pathogenesis and cell-mediated immunity

Listeria monocytogenes has emerged as a remarkably tractable pathogen to dissect basic aspects of cell biology, intracellular pathogenesis, and innate and acquired immunity. In order to maintain its intracellular lifestyle, L. monocytogenes has evolved a number of mechanisms to exploit host processes to grow and spread cell to cell without damaging the host cell. The pore-forming protein listeriolysin O mediates escape from host vacuoles and utilizes multiple fail-safe mechanisms to avoid causing toxicity to infected cells. Once in the cytosol, the L. monocytogenes ActA protein recruits host cell Arp2/3 complexes and enabled/vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein family members to mediate efficient actin-based motility, thereby propelling the bacteria into neighboring cells. Alteration in any of these processes dramatically reduces the ability of the bacteria to establish a productive infection in vivo

Achieving world-class perceived vehicle quality through improved engineering and manufacturing tools

Thesis (M.B.A.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management; and, (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering; in conjunction with the Leaders for Manufacturing Program at MIT, 2005.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 76-77).Throughout the vehicle development process, automotive manufacturers must work to meet a variety of customer needs. One increasingly important attribute is vehicle exterior perceived quality, which is largely dependent on how well exterior parts fit together. Before vehicles are produced and sold to customers, manufacturers utilize several processes and tools to "tune in" vehicle exteriors. This thesis examines one manufacturer's approach to delivering vehicle exterior quality, including a recent change initiative to improve the tune in process. The overall vehicle development process is introduced, and then detail is provided for areas of the process that relate closely to vehicle exteriors. Two areas that are explored in depth are the manufacturer's tune in build strategy and a new exterior fitting fixture implementation. An assessment of build strategy is provided and a framework is proposed. The framework is based on functional build theory and Key Characteristic (KC) chains. Functional build is a process to ensure that the vehicle exterior meets specifications while allowing engineering teams to determine the best way to solve dimensional problems, which may or may not include forcing a component in the assembly to design intent.(cont.) A KC chain analysis is one way to view how vehicle exterior requirements relate to each other and engineering organizational structure. Viewing build strategies with these two techniques illustrates how build decisions are impacted by organizational and technical complexity, as well as material rigidity. At an automotive manufacturer, several fitting fixtures are used during the tune in process. An initiative to implement a new fitting fixture is assessed. Both technical and organizational issues are addressed. The conclusion of this thesis is that several factors that are both organizational and technical must be considered in order to gain the benefit of the new fitting fixture. Some of the major factors include: build strategy alignment with the fixture, learning systems to support continuous improvement, and organizational leadership and ownership aligned to quickly solve problems.by Paul T. Glomski.S.M.M.B.A

Modellierung eines adäquaten Umgangs mit Messunsicherheiten

Obwohl in der Wissenschaft eine Auseinandersetzung mit Messunsicherheiten essentiell für die Erkenntnisgewinnung durch Experimente ist, findet sich diese Thematik nur selten im Physikunterricht wieder. Um festzustellen, welche Aspekte eines adäquaten Umgangs mit Messunsicherheiten Schülerinnen und Schülern sinnvoll vermittelt werden sollten, wurde das Themenfeld durch eine Analyse der verschiedenen derzeit gültigen fachlichen Standards (insb. nach DIN und ISO) erschlossen. Die so gewonnenen Konzepte wurden kategorisiert und zu einem Modell zusammengefasst, das in diesem Artikel vorgestellt und an exemplarischen Stellen detailliert erläutert wird. Damit soll nicht nur die Grundlage für eine Beschreibung und Erfassung von Kompetenzen gelegt, sondern auch die Basis für eine systematische Thematisierung der Messunsicherheiten im Physikunterricht vorbereitet werden

Modellierung eines adäquaten Umgangs mit Messunsicherheiten

Obwohl in der Wissenschaft eine Auseinandersetzung mit Messunsicherheiten essentiell für die Erkenntnisgewinnung durch Experimente ist, findet sich diese Thematik nur selten im Physikunterricht wieder. Um festzustellen, welche Aspekte eines adäquaten Umgangs mit Messunsicherheiten Schülerinnen und Schülern sinnvoll vermittelt werden sollten, wurde das Themenfeld durch eine Analyse der verschiedenen derzeit gültigen fachlichen Standards (insb. nach DIN und ISO) erschlossen. Die so gewonnenen Konzepte wurden kategorisiert und zu einem Modell zusammengefasst, das in diesem Artikel vorgestellt und an exemplarischen Stellen detailliert erläutert wird. Damit soll nicht nur die Grundlage für eine Beschreibung und Erfassung von Kompetenzen gelegt, sondern auch die Basis für eine systematische Thematisierung der Messunsicherheiten im Physikunterricht vorbereitet werden

Primary Involvement of Pharynx and Peyer's Patch in Inhalational and Intestinal Anthrax

Bacillus anthracis causes three forms of anthrax: inhalational, gastrointestinal, and cutaneous. Anthrax is characterized by both toxemia, which is caused by secretion of immunomodulating toxins (lethal toxin and edema toxin), and septicemia, which is associated with bacterial encapsulation. Here we report that, contrary to the current view of B. anthracis pathogenesis, B. anthracis spores germinate and establish infections at the initial site of inoculation in both inhalational and cutaneous infections without needing to be transported to draining lymph nodes, and that inhaled spores establish initial infection in nasal-associated lymphoid tissues. Furthermore, we found that Peyer's patches in the mouse intestine are the primary site of bacterial growth after intragastric inoculation, thus establishing an animal model of gastrointestinal anthrax. All routes of infection progressed to the draining lymph nodes, spleen, lungs, and ultimately the blood. These discoveries were made possible through the development of a novel dynamic mouse model of B. anthracis infection using bioluminescent non-toxinogenic capsulated bacteria that can be visualized within the mouse in real-time, and demonstrate the value of in vivo imaging in the analysis of B. anthracis infection. Our data imply that previously unrecognized portals of bacterial entry demand more intensive investigation, and will significantly transform the current perception of inhalational, gastrointestinal, and cutaneous B. anthracis pathogenesis