The energy-bias of North-South technology spillovers - a global, bilateral, bisectoral trade analysis

We examine variations in the South-North ratios (emerging vs. industrialized countries) of energy and labor intensities driven by imports. We use the novel World Input-Output Database (WIOD) that provides bilateral and bisectoral data for 40 countries and 35 sectors for 1995-2009. We find South-North convergence of energy and labor intensities, an energy bias of import-driven convergence and no robust difference between imports of intermediate and investment goods. Accordingly, trade helps emerging economies follow a ’green growth’ path, and trade-related policies can enhance this path. However, the effects are economically small and require a long time horizon to become effective. Trade-related policies can become much more effective in selected countries and sectors: China attenuates labor intensity via imports of intermediate goods above average. Brazil reduces energy intensity via imports of intermediate and investment goods above average. Production of machinery as an importing sector in emerging countries can immoderately benefit from trade-related reductions in factor intensities. Electrical equipment as a traded good particularly decreases energy intensity. Machinery particularly dilutes labor intensity. Our main results are statistically highly significant and robust across specifications

Which indicators of absorptive capacity enhance import-induced South-North convergence in labor intensities?

We hypothesize that North-South trade is associated with knowledge spillovers that create labor productivity gains depending on various determinants of Southern absorptive capacity. We use the novel World Input-Output Database (WIOD) that provides bilateral and bisectoral panel data for 39 countries and 35 sectors for 1995-2009. We examine growth in relative South-North labor intensities (South-North convergence) for 31 industrialized source and eight emerging recipient countries. We find robust evidence that the following measures of absorptive capacity (ordered by magnitude of the estimated coefficients) interact with imports so that relative labor intensity is reduced: economic freedom and political and civil rights, services, skills, scientific publications and patents as well as telephone and internet access. GMM and GLS estimations corroborate the results. Policies that support various of the identified determinants of absorptive capacity are more promising than policies that select only one. Elevating the absorptive capacity of emerging economies to the maximum level in the world would halve the South-North gap in labor intensities within a couple of decades if it were solely achieved through the trade channel

Anti-Saccharomyces cerevisiae antibodies in patients with inflammatory bowel disease and their first-degree relatives: Potential clinical value

Anti-Saccharomyces cerevisiae antibodies (ASCA) have been described as specific markers in Crohn's disease and their healthy first-degree relatives. 171 patients with Crohn's disease, their 105 first-degree relatives, 145 patients with ulcerative colitis and 101 first-degree relatives of patients with ulcerative colitis, 50 patients with infectious enterocolitis and 100 healthy controls were tested for ASCA employing the ELISA technique. When compared with the healthy controls (p < 0.0001) and patients with infectious enterocolitis (p < 0.0001) the prevalence of ASCA was significantly increased in patients with Crohn's disease and their first-degree relatives (p < 0.01). Further significant differences concerning the frequency of ASCA within the different groups of our study population were not observed. In particular, ASCA were not found in increased prevalence in infectious enterocolitis. These observations are compatible with a role of ASCA as a marker of genetic predisposition to Crohn's disease. Copyright (C) 2002 S. Karger AG, Basel

Langzeitarbeitslose Männer in Wien im Zeitraum von 2000 - 2010

Bei der vorliegende Diplomarbeit „Langzeitarbeitslose Männer in Wien im Zeitraum von 2000 – 2010“ stehen folgende Fragestellungen im Mittelpunkt: Wie hat sich die Anzahl der langzeitarbeitslosen Männer und deren Lebensumstände im Beobachtungszeitraum entwickelt? Welche Strategien sind zur Bekämpfung der Langzeitarbeitslosigkeit eingesetzt worden? Wie groß ist die Gruppe der „langzeitarbeitslosgefährdeten“ Männer? Kapitel 1 beschäftigt sich mit den Fragestellungen: Warum stellt die Langzeitarbeitslosigkeit ein Problem dar? Welchen Anreiz bietet eine Jobaufnahme? In Kapitel 2 wird eingangs der Unterschied zwischen Arbeitslosigkeit, Langzeitbeschäftigungslosigkeit und Langzeitarbeitslosigkeit ausgearbeitet und in weiterer Folge werden die Berührungspunkte von Langzeitarbeitslosigkeit zu Pensionsantritt, Schattenwirtschaft, offenen Stellen und Ausgaben für arbeitsmarktpolitische Maßnahmen aufgezeigt. Die statistische Auswertung der langzeitarbeitslosen Männer im Beobachtungszeitraum steht in Kapitel 3 im Mittelpunkt, wobei neben dem Männeranteil das Augenmerk auf die Altersstruktur, Ausbildung und das Verhältnis Inländer vs. Ausländer gelegt wird. Das Kapitel 4 versucht einen Überblick über die angebotenen Beschäftigungs-, Qualifizierungs- und Unterstützungsmaßnahmen sowie Sonderprogramme zu schaffen, die zur Bekämpfung der Langzeitarbeitslosigkeit angeboten werden. Des weiteren wird die rasante Entwicklung der genehmigten Förderfälle und Personen während des Beobachtungszeitraums aufgezeigt, um die intensiven Versuche der Integration von Langzeitarbeitslosen darzustellen. Im abschließenden Kapitel werden Bewertungen von AMS-Kursmaßnahmen vorgestellt, bei der einerseits Expert/innen zu Wort kommen, aber auch Kursteilnehmer/innen die Kursmaßnahmen beurteilen. Die österreichischen Ausgaben für aktive Arbeitsmarktpolitik stellen sich einem internationalen Vergleich und ein Städtevergleich wird präsentiert, bei dem „Good Practice Modelle“ vorgestellt werden. Das Kapitel schließt mit der Analyse der Vermittlungshindernisse von langzeitarbeitslosen Männern 58+ und langzeitarbeitslosen Jugendlichen.The diploma thesis „Permanently unemployed male in Vienna from 2000 to 2010“ deals with the following questions: How has the amount of long-term unemployed men developed during the observation period? Which strategies were used to battle .long-term unemployment? How many people can be merged to a group named „long-term unemployed at risk“? Chapter 1 is engaged in the questions: Why does long-term unemployment pose a problem? What is the incentive of taking up employment? At the beginning, the following chapter elaborate the difference between unemployment and long-term unemployment. Subsequently the points of contact to black economy, retirement age, vacancies notified and expenses for active employment policy are identified. A statistical evaluation of long-term unemployed take centre stage in chapter 3, in which attention is turned to age strukture, education and native/foreigner ratio. Chapter 4 gives an overview of employment measures, qualification measures, support measures and special programmes offered to battle long-term unemplyment. Furthermore the rapid development of approved furtherance and benefited persons are demonstrated during the observation period. This illustrates the intensive attempts to integrate long-term unemployed. The concluding chapter contains evaluations of jobcenter-trainings, in which experts and training participants are interviewed. A closer look is taken to the acitve labour market model used in Amsterdam. The points of contact of long-term unemployment to social welfare are significant and debit the welfare state. This chapter concludes with the target groups „male long-term unemployed aged 58 plus“ and „long-term unemployed adolescents“ and their individual placement obstacles

Titanium Nitride as a Seed Layer for Heusler Compounds

Titanium nitride (TiN) shows low resistivity at room temperature, high thermal stability and thus has the potential to serve as seed layer in magnetic tunnel junctions. High quality TiN thin films with regard to the crystallographic and electrical properties were grown and characterized by X-ray diffraction and 4-terminal transport measurements. Element specific X-ray absorption spectroscopy revealed pure TiN in the bulk. To investigate the influence of a TiN seed layer on a ferro(i)magnetic bottom electrode, an out-of-plane magnetized Mn2.45Ga as well as in- and out-of-plane magnetized Co2FeAl thin films were deposited on a TiN buffer, respectively. The magnetic properties were investigated using a superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) and anomalous Hall effect (AHE) for Mn2.45Ga. Magneto optical Kerr effect (MOKE) measurements were carried out to investigate the magnetic properties of Co2FeAl. TiN buffered Mn2.45Ga thin films showed higher coercivity and squareness ratio compared to unbuffered samples. The Heusler compound Co2FeAl showed already good crystallinity when grown at room temperature

Structural Measures to Optimize Sediment Management Downstream a Chain of Reservoirs at the Danube River

Source: ICHE Conference Archive - https://mdi-de.baw.de/icheArchive

Numerical Study of Morphodynamics and Ecological Parameters Following Alternative Groyne Layouts at the Danube River

Sediment Transport and Morphodynamic

Insights into the electronic structure of Co2FeSi from x-ray magnetic linear dichroism

Experimental evidence both for and against a half-metallic ground-state of the Heusler compound Co2FeSi has been published. Density functional theory based calculations suggest a non half-metallic ground state. It has been argued, that on-site Coulomb interaction of the d electrons has to be taken into account via the LDA+U method, which predicts a half-metallic ground-state for U = 2.5...4.5 eV. X-ray magnetic linear dichroism (XMLD) can be used as a tool to assess the appropriateness of the LDA+U approach: the calculated spectra within the LDA+U or GGA+U schemes are different from those within the LDA or GGA. Due to its ability to separate different orbital symmetries, XMLD allows us to distinguish between different models of the electronic structure of Co2FeSi. In this article we discuss experimental XMLD spectra and compare them with detailed first principles calculations. Our findings give evidence for the inadequacy of the LDA+U or GGA+U band structures, whereas constrained calculations with the GGA and a fixed spin moment of 6 \mu_B give better overall agreement between experiment and theory.Comment: 9 pages, 6 figures, 3 table