Traditional Float Charges: are They Suited to Stationary Antimony-free Lead Acid Batteries?

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Chargeur de batterie avec isolation galvanique et absorption sinusoïale

After a brief recall of converters conventionally used for battery chargers, this work stressed about a new structure with sinusoidal line current and galvanic insulation by a high frequency transformer working at 1 kW. The theoretical presentation is followed by the design problems, particularly over voltage on switches and transformations ratio choice. We describe next a power part converter model, and at last the experimental results.Après un bref rappel des structures classiquement utilisées pour les chargeurs de batteries, nous proposons l'étude d'une nouvelle structure à absorption sinusoïdale et isolement galvanique par transformateur haute fréquence fonctionnant à une puissance de 1 kW. A la suite d'une présentation théorique, nous passons à l'étude des principaux problèmes liés à la réalisation de ce convertisseur, principalement les surtensions aux bornes des interrupteurs et le choix d'un rapport de transformation présentant le meilleur compromis. Une modélisation de la partie puissance est ensuite décrite, avant de passer aux résultats obtenus

Lab-scale study of the electrochemical response of Li-ion electrode materials to emulated photovoltaic electrochemical constraints

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Transmission of antimicrobial resistant non-O157 Escherichia coli at the interface of animal-fresh produce in sustainable farming environments

The interaction of typical host adapted enteric bacterial pathogens with fresh produce grown in fields is complex. These interactions can be more pronounced in co-managed or sustainable farms where animal operations are, by design, close to fresh produce, and growers frequently move between the two production environments. The primary objectives of this study were to 1) determine the transmission of STEC or enteric pathogens from small and large animal herds or operations to fresh produce on sustainable farms in TN and NC, 2) identify the possible sources that impact transmission of AMR E. coli, specifically STEC on these systems, and 3) WGS to characterize recovered E. coli from these sources. Samples were collected from raw and composted manure, environment, and produce sources. The serotype, virulence, and genotypic resistance profile were determined using the assembled genome sequences sequenced by Illumina technology. Broth microdilution was used to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility of each isolate against a panel of fourteen antimicrobials. The prevalence of E. coli increased during the summer season for all sources tested. ParSNP trees generated demonstrated that the transmission of AMR E. coli is occurring between animal feeding operations and fresh produce. Ten isolates were identified as serotype O45, a serotype that is associated with the “Big Six” group that is frequently linked with foodborne outbreaks caused by non-O157 E. coli. However, these isolates did not possess the stx gene. The highest frequency of resistance was detected against streptomycin (n = 225), ampicillin (n = 190) and sulfisoxazole FIS (n = 140). A total of 35 (13.7%) isolates from two TN farms were positive for the blaCMY (n = 5) and blaTEM (n = 32) genes. The results of this study show the potential of AMR E. coli transmission between animal feeding operations and fresh produce, and more studies are recommended to study this interaction and prevent dissemination in sustainable farming systems.The work on pathogen transmission from animals to fresh produce on sustainable farms was supported by both the Center for Produce Safety [2015CPS04] and by the Specialty Crop Block Grant Program at the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) through grant 12-25-B-1567. Its contents are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of the USDA; antimicrobial resistance component was supported by the North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine; and the College of Agriculture and Life Sciences. We would like to thank Joy Horovitz for generating the whole genome sequence profiles for all 255 isolates.Peer reviewe