Optimisation de l'architecture des réseaux de distribution d'énergie électrique

To cope with the changes in the energy landscape, electrical distribution networks are submitted to operational requirements in order to guarantee reliability indices. In the coming years, big investments are planned for the construction of flexible, consistent and effective electrical networks, based on the new architectures, innovative technical solutions and in response to the development of renewable energy. Taking into account the industrial needs of the development of future distribution networks, we propose in this thesis an approach based on the graph theory and combinatorial optimization for the design of new architectures for distribution networks. Our approach is to study the general problem of finding an optimal architecture which respects a set of topological (redundancy) and electrical (maximum current, voltage plan) constraints according to precise optimization criteria: minimization of operating cost (OPEX) and minimization of investment (CAPEX). Thus, the two families of combinatorial problems (and their relaxations) were explored to propose effective resolutions (exact or approximate) of the distribution network planning problem using an adapted formulation. We are particularly interested in 2-connected graphs and the arborescent flow problem with minimum quadratic losses. The comparative results of tests on the network instances (fictional and real) for the proposed methods were presented.Pour faire face aux mutations du paysage énergétique, les réseaux de distribution d'électricité sont soumis à des exigences de fonctionnement avec des indices de fiabilité à garantir. Dans les années à venir, de grands investissements sont prévus pour la construction des réseaux électriques flexibles, cohérents et efficaces, basés sur de nouvelles architectures et des solutions techniques innovantes, adaptatifs à l'essor des énergies renouvelables. En prenant en compte ces besoins industriels sur le développement des réseaux de distribution du futur, nous proposons, dans cette thèse, une approche reposant sur la théorie des graphes et l'optimisation combinatoire pour la conception de nouvelles architectures pour les réseaux de distribution. Notre démarche consiste à étudier le problème général de recherche d'une architecture optimale qui respecte l'ensemble de contraintes topologiques (redondance) et électrotechniques (courant maximal, plan de tension) selon des critères d'optimisation bien précis : minimisation du coût d'exploitation (OPEX) et minimisation de l'investissement (CAPEX). Ainsi donc, les deux familles des problèmes combinatoires (et leurs relaxations) ont été explorées pour proposer des résolutions efficaces (exactes ou approchées) du problème de planification des réseaux de distribution en utilisant une formulation adaptée. Nous nous sommes intéressés particulièrement aux graphes 2-connexes et au problème de flot arborescent avec pertes quadratiques minimales. Les résultats comparatifs de tests sur les instances de réseaux (fictifs et réels) pour les méthodes proposées ont été présentés

New consumer services provided by smart metering

This paper focuses on the issues of smart metering market and considers different services provided by smart metering from consumer point of view. Firstly, smart metering deployment challenges emerging and conventional tariffs, which modify a consumer behavior and thus, the entire electric energy market can be optimized since the customer is motivated to consume less energy. Secondly, the authors illustrate changes in electricity quality, which have an impact on consumer relations with utility. Additionally, two main indices of grid resilience – SAIDI and SAIFI – are exemplified to reveal the improvement potential of smart metering implementation in certain regions of Russia that also influence the consumer. Finally, in-home display and privacy problem directly reflect the consumer’s behavior, thus the private life rights should not be violated as they are guaranteed by law

Optimization of architecture of power distribution networks

Pour faire face aux mutations du paysage énergétique, les réseaux de distribution d'électricité sont soumis à des exigences de fonctionnement avec des indices de fiabilité à garantir. Dans les années à venir, de grands investissements sont prévus pour la construction des réseaux électriques flexibles, cohérents et efficaces, basés sur de nouvelles architectures et des solutions techniques innovantes, adaptatifs à l'essor des énergies renouvelables. En prenant en compte ces besoins industriels sur le développement des réseaux de distribution du futur, nous proposons, dans cette thèse, une approche reposant sur la théorie des graphes et l'optimisation combinatoire pour la conception de nouvelles architectures pour les réseaux de distribution. Notre démarche consiste à étudier le problème général de recherche d'une architecture optimale qui respecte l'ensemble de contraintes topologiques (redondance) et électrotechniques (courant maximal, plan de tension) selon des critères d'optimisation bien précis : minimisation du coût d'exploitation (OPEX) et minimisation de l'investissement (CAPEX). Ainsi donc, les deux familles des problèmes combinatoires (et leurs relaxations) ont été explorées pour proposer des résolutions efficaces (exactes ou approchées) du problème de planification des réseaux de distribution en utilisant une formulation adaptée. Nous nous sommes intéressés particulièrement aux graphes 2-connexes et au problème de flot arborescent avec pertes quadratiques minimales. Les résultats comparatifs de tests sur les instances de réseaux (fictifs et réels) pour les méthodes proposées ont été présentés.To cope with the changes in the energy landscape, electrical distribution networks are submitted to operational requirements in order to guarantee reliability indices. In the coming years, big investments are planned for the construction of flexible, consistent and effective electrical networks, based on the new architectures, innovative technical solutions and in response to the development of renewable energy. Taking into account the industrial needs of the development of future distribution networks, we propose in this thesis an approach based on the graph theory and combinatorial optimization for the design of new architectures for distribution networks. Our approach is to study the general problem of finding an optimal architecture which respects a set of topological (redundancy) and electrical (maximum current, voltage plan) constraints according to precise optimization criteria: minimization of operating cost (OPEX) and minimization of investment (CAPEX). Thus, the two families of combinatorial problems (and their relaxations) were explored to propose effective resolutions (exact or approximate) of the distribution network planning problem using an adapted formulation. We are particularly interested in 2-connected graphs and the arborescent flow problem with minimum quadratic losses. The comparative results of tests on the network instances (fictional and real) for the proposed methods were presented

New consumer services provided by smart metering

This paper focuses on the issues of smart metering market and considers different services provided by smart metering from consumer point of view. Firstly, smart metering deployment challenges emerging and conventional tariffs, which modify a consumer behavior and thus, the entire electric energy market can be optimized since the customer is motivated to consume less energy. Secondly, the authors illustrate changes in electricity quality, which have an impact on consumer relations with utility. Additionally, two main indices of grid resilience – SAIDI and SAIFI – are exemplified to reveal the improvement potential of smart metering implementation in certain regions of Russia that also influence the consumer. Finally, in-home display and privacy problem directly reflect the consumer’s behavior, thus the private life rights should not be violated as they are guaranteed by law

New consumer services provided by smart metering

This paper focuses on the issues of smart metering market and considers different services provided by smart metering from consumer point of view. Firstly, smart metering deployment challenges emerging and conventional tariffs, which modify a consumer behavior and thus, the entire electric energy market can be optimized since the customer is motivated to consume less energy. Secondly, the authors illustrate changes in electricity quality, which have an impact on consumer relations with utility. Additionally, two main indices of grid resilience – SAIDI and SAIFI – are exemplified to reveal the improvement potential of smart metering implementation in certain regions of Russia that also influence the consumer. Finally, in-home display and privacy problem directly reflect the consumer’s behavior, thus the private life rights should not be violated as they are guaranteed by law

Optimisation du maillage électrique du parc éoliennes off-shore – projet Stationis

International audienc

Low-Voltage Distribution System Planning under Load Demand Uncertainty: Growth Rate with Connection of New Loads

International audienceThis paper presents a novel algorithm to optimize atopology for tackling the challenge of increasing uncertainty onload demand (growth rate with connection of new loads) in lowvoltage(LV) distribution. This paper aims at finding which loadconnection phase induces the lowest costs (investment and powerlosses) and phase balancing while satisfying the techno-economicaspects over planning study. A mixed integer quadraticallyconstrained programming (MIQCP) and shortest path-binpacking with arborescence flow are developed to perform thiswork. To illustrate this method, the example of LV distribution(33 bus) is chosen to be a case study of an initial year. Monte-Carlo (MC) simulation method is employed to evaluate theresults. The simulation results obtained on test system support aneffectiveness of method

Planning of Low Voltage Distribution Systems with Uncertainty on Load Demand

International audienceThis study focuses on power distribution planning under uncertainty on load demand, particularly for developing countries. The objective is to search an optimal topology with investment and operation costs minimizing over the planning horizon of 15 years. The shortest path, bin-packing, and mixed integer quadratically constrained programming are developed to evaluate this work. The different uncertainties are established for case studies. Two planning scenarios of topology design have been applied for solving such a problem with uncertainties. Finally, a comparison of different scenarios on actualized cost is achieved thanks to Monte-Carlo simulation method in this work

Planning of Low-Voltage Distribution Systems with Uncertainty on Load Demand in Urban Areas

International audienceAbstract—In a long-term planning procedure of distributionnetworks, it is essential to design an appropriate topology inorder to satisfy economic and technical aspects. This paperpresents a novel algorithm to optimize the topology and phasebalancing to tackle the challenge of load demand uncertainty (i.e.,growth rate and new load). The paper aims at developing a longtermplanning tool of low-voltage (LV) distribution systems tofind which load connection phase induces the lowest costs(investment and power losses) and balancing systemimprovement while satisfying the constraints over the planninghorizon. A mixed integer quadratically constrainedprogramming (MIQCP)-arborescence flow and shortest path inparallel with first-fit bin packing are developed to realize thiswork. In this study, an example of LV distribution system with 33buses is applied to be a case study of the initial planning year. Toevaluate the results, Monte Carlo (MC) simulation method isemployed to determine the statistical actualized costs of differentstrategies. The simulation results support the validity of themethodology proposed in this article

Study of Low-Voltage Distribution System with Integration of PV-Battery Energy Storage for Urban Area in Developing Country

International audienceThis research work presents a study of Low-Voltage (LV) distribution system integrated with Photovoltaic(PV) and Battery Energy Storage (BES) for an urban area indeveloping country. This work purposes to search an optimaltopology and sizing of PV-BES for supplying the consumers. Amixed integer quadratically constrained programming (MIQCP)is developed at first to find out the optimal topology withminimization of conductor use and phase balancingimprovement. Next, a maximum PV penetration is sized by usingGenetic Algorithm (GA) and Fmincon solver. The sizingstrategies are established to determine a BES capacity accordingto time-varying solar radiation and demand curves. The resultsobtained on an example of LV test system show the validity ofnovel algorithm for optimal topology, PV size and centralizedBES capacity