A survey of the requirements for emission-free building and construction sites

The City of Oslo’s Climate Agency has engaged SINTEF to carry out a survey of emissionfree building and construction sites for Oslo Municipality's projects. The principal themes are electricity supply, emission-free construction machinery and vehicles, and charging logistics, studying associated experiences and barriers. This report assesses building site experience from relevant projects and includes detailed studies of machine fleets, energy consumption and energy supply. The results indicate that the development towards emission-free building and construction sites is progressing rapidly, although some barriers and challenges remain. All of the municipality's building and construction sites shall be emission-free by 2025. Standard climate and environment requirements for Oslo Municipality's building and construction sites were introduced in 2019. With this new framework, contractors who can offer emission free construction machinery and vehicles in building and construction projects are awarded contracts where Oslo Municipality is the building owner. This is an innovative use of procurement, targeted to promote a quicker transition to emission free completion of building and construction activities in Oslo. In 2019, access to emission free equipment was limited, and the market for emission free building and construction services was still in an early phase of development. Standard requirements were introduced to contribute to the Municipality's goal that all building and construction activities in Oslo Municipality's public sector shall be emission free by 2025. This survey shows that development so far is in line with the goal of Oslo Municipality's public sector shall be emission free by 2025, and the framework has succeeded in its purpose. Between 1st January and 30th June 2021, 73 competitions for tender were published on behalf of Oslo Municipality for the construction sector. Of these, 66 competitions followed Oslo Municipality’s standard contractual requirements and award criteria, and eight stipulated the use of emission-free concepts, the minimum requirement in six of these being the use of emission-free excavators. This means that seven of these 73 projects were either too small or did not use electric construction machinery. There are now at least 36 construction projects in Oslo Municipality (mapped in this report) that use emission free construction machinery, vehicles and equipment. This mapping shows that it is unproblematic with smaller electric machines and equipment. But there are some challenges relating to energy supply and charging logistics when multiple, large construction machineries operate at the same time. It is reported that electric construction machineries generate less noise, less pollution, better air quality and a better working environment. The results show that there are different understandings of what an emission free building or construction site involves, and that definitions of these terms should be standardised. This will most likely be achieved through the on-going development of a Norwegian Standard prNS3770 for emission free building and construction sites. The table below summarises barriers, challenges, possibilities and solutions for emission free construction machineries and vehicles, energy supply and charging logistics.publishedVersion10202628

Experimental set-up of a thermal vacuum chamber for thermal model in-house correlation and characterization of the HYPSO hyperspectral imager

Space environment with changing temperatures and vacuum can affect the performance of optics instruments onboard satellites. Thermal models and tests are typically done to understand the optics performance within large space projects, but less often in nanosatellites projects. It is even more rarer for an optics payload inside a CubeSat platform, made by a third provider, to do functional tests on their optics during space environment test campaign. In this research, an in-house made vacuum chamber with the possibility to warm up (TVAC) the devices under tests, and wall-through transparency for optics experiments is set-up. In parallel, a thermal model of the HYPerspectral Small satellite for ocean Observation (HYPSO) Hyperspectral Imager (HSI) is developed. The HSI, which is a transmissive grating hyperspectral instrument ranged in the visible to near infrared wavelength, has been tested in TVAC. As thermal control is based on heating the device under test, a new method for fitting the thermal models inside vacuum chambers with only heating capability is proposed. Finally, the TVAC set-up and the thermal model fitting method have been demonstrated to be appropriate to validate the HSI thermal model, and to characterize the optics performance of HSI in vacuum and in the range of temperatures found inside the in-orbit HYPSO-1 CubeSat.Research Council of Norway | Ref. 223254Research Council of Norway | Ref. 270959Norwegian Space Agency and the European Space Agency | Ref. 4000132515Ministerio de Universidades | Ref. CAS21/00502Universidade de Vigo/CISU

Introducing the National Library for Health Skin Conditions Specialist Library

BACKGROUND: This paper introduces the new National Library for Health Skin Conditions Specialist Library . DESCRIPTION: The aims, scope and audience of the new NLH Skin Conditions Specialist Library, and the composition and functions of its core Project Team, Editorial Team and Stakeholders Group are described. The Library's collection building strategy, resource and information types, editorial policies, quality checklist, taxonomy for content indexing, organisation and navigation, and user interface are all presented in detail. The paper also explores the expected impact and utility of the new Library, as well as some possible future directions for further development. CONCLUSION: The Skin Conditions Specialist Library is not just another new Web site that dermatologists might want to add to their Internet favourites then forget about it. It is intended to be a practical, "one-stop shop" dermatology information service for everyday practical use, offering high quality, up-to-date resources, and adopting robust evidence-based and knowledge management approaches

Eczema distribution in girls and boys during infancy: A cohort study on atopic dermatitis

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Pot, kettle: Nonliteral titles aren’t (natural) science

© 2020 The Author. Published by MIT Press. This is an open access article available under a Creative Commons licence. The published version can be accessed at the following link on the publisher’s website: https://doi.org/10.1162/qss_a_00078Researchers may be tempted to attract attention through poetic titles for their publications, but would this be mistaken in some fields? Whilst poetic titles are known to be common in medicine, it is not clear whether the practice is widespread elsewhere. This article investigates the prevalence of poetic expressions in journal article titles 1996-2019 in 3.3 million articles from all 27 Scopus broad fields. Expressions were identified by manually checking all phrases with at least 5 words that occurred at least 25 times, finding 149 stock phrases, idioms, sayings, literary allusions, film names and song titles or lyrics. The expressions found are most common in the social sciences and the humanities. They are also relatively common in medicine, but almost absent from engineering and the natural and formal sciences. The differences may reflect the less hierarchical and more varied nature of the social sciences and humanities, where interesting titles may attract an audience. In engineering, natural science and formal science fields, authors should take extra care with poetic expressions, in case their choice is judged inappropriate. This includes interdisciplinary research overlapping these areas. Conversely, reviewers of interdisciplinary research involving the social sciences should be more tolerant of poetic licens