Self care programs and multiple sclerosis: Physical therapeutics treatment - literature review

AbstractObjectiveTo clarify the therapeutic education program impact with multiple sclerosis patients, literature review. Highlight contents and efficacy.MethodA non-systematic review on Medline, PubMed and Cochrane library databases from 1966 to 2010 using the following keywords: “multiple sclerosis”, “self-care”, “self-management” and specific symptoms keywords. Clinical trials and randomized clinical trials, as well as literature reviews published in English, French and German will be analyzed.ResultsCounseling is a part of the non-pharmacological management of chronic illnesses such as multiple sclerosis. Symptoms’ diversity and the different clinical forms limit standardized programs of self-care management, applicable to patients. In the literature review, counseling programs have often low metrology. A behavior change with patients and medical staff could exist. To empower the patient, to reduce symptoms’ impact and to improve treatment access are the aims of educational therapy.ConclusionTherapeutic education program for multiple sclerosis patients could progress with their standardization and assessment, for each sign. To promote the educational therapy of multiple sclerosis patients, a specific training for medical staff, as specific financing are necessary

The influence of weathering and soil organic matter on Zn isotopes in soils

Zinc is an essential micronutrient that is ultimately released during mineral weathering. In soils, organic matter plays a key role in influencing Zn partitioning and therefore on Zn biogeochemical cycling. Soil organic matter is partitioned between carbon that is more readily available for decomposition by microorganisms, and more stable carbon transiently preserved from decomposition. The role of the stable pool of soil organic matter on Zn biogeochemical cycling remains poorly understood. The pool of stable carbon is controlled by combination with mineral constituents or is material that is intrinsically resistant to decomposition. The Zn stable isotopes are fractionated by interactions between Zn and soil mineral and organic constituents. This study reports the Zn isotope composition of five Icelandic soil profiles derived from the same parent basalt and characterized by contrasting degrees of weathering and organic matter content (δ66Zn = + 0.10 ± 0.05 to + 0.35 ± 0.02‰), the distribution of reactive mineral constituents available to form associations with soil organic matter, and the amount of stable organic carbon. Throughout these soils, the δ66Zn isotope variations are little influenced by mineral constituents, but rather by soil organic matter content. These data suggest that a combination of organic matter accumulation and Zn loss by leaching is required to explain the observed decrease in Zn concentration in soils and lighter soil δ66Zn with increasing organic carbon content. These results suggest that the presence of stable organic carbon in soils provides a pool of light Zn, attributed to the Zn isotope signature of organic matter partially preserved from decomposition. Crucially, this stable organic carbon pool may also contribute to the formation of the light Zn isotope sink reported in organic-rich marine sediments, a key output required to explain the oceanic mass balance of Zn isotopes

Un simple livret d'information peut contribuer à réduire l'incapacité fonctionnelle de patients lombalgiques subaigus et chroniques. Etude contrôlée randomisée en milieu de rééducation [The role of an information booklet or oral information about back pain in reducing disability and fear-avoidance beliefs among patients with subacute and chronic low back pain. A randomized controlled trial in a rehabilitation unit]

To compare the efficacy of an information booklet or oral information about back pain in reducing disability and fear-avoidance beliefs among patients with subacute and chronic low back pain referred to a rehabilitation department. An alternate-month design was used for 142 patients with subacute or chronic low back pain who were hospitalized for treatment. Seventy-two patients received written standardized information about back pain (the "back book") and usual physical therapy (intervention group), and 70 received usual physical therapy only along with nonstandardized oral information (control group). The main outcome measure was disability (measured on the Quebec back-pain disability scale), and secondary outcome measures were pain intensity (measured on a visual analog scale), fear-avoidance beliefs (measured on the Fear-Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire [FABQ] Physical component), and knowledge of the relation of back pain to physical activity assessed at baseline, just before discharge from the hospital and 3 months after discharge. Satisfaction related to the information received was assessed on the day of discharge. Receiving the "back book" had a significant impact on disability at 3 months, from 48.40+/-14.55 to 34.57+/-18.42 in the intervention group and from 52.17+/-16.88 to 42.40+/-14.95 in the control group (p=0.03). Receipt of the book also had a significant impact on patients' knowledge and satisfaction about information but a nonsignificant effect on fear-avoidance beliefs. Providing an information booklet about back pain to patients with subacute and chronic low back pain referred to a rehabilitation unit contributes to reduced disability in these patients

Faut-il rééduquer les coronariens au seuil ventilatoire ? [Is it necessary to rehabilitate coronary artery disease patients based on ventilatory threshold?]

To compare the efficiency of two programs of exercise-based rehabilitation that are different for heart rate (HR) training in patients with coronary artery disease: heart rate (HR) according to Karvonen formula (HR training =70% (max HR -rest HR) +rest HR) or HR recorded at the gas exchange ventilatory threshold (VT). TYPE: Controlled randomised clinical trial. Cardiovascular rehabilitation unit. Twenty-four male patients (54 +/-9.5 years old) with coronary artery disease were allocated at random to one of the two groups: KHR group (n =13) according to Karvonen formula (n =11), and VTHR group according to VT determined by exertion test (n =13). The exercised-based program was similar for all the patients, differing only in HR training (five daily sessions a week for four weeks). Assessment tests were performed at D1 and D28 and included: - an exercise test with measure of HR and double product (HR x blood pressure) at rest, submaximal and maximal intensity, with measure of oxygen consumption and gas exchanges at rest and at maximum exercise; - specific functional tests based on daily life activities; - dyspnea assessment at maximal intensity; - quality of life measurement by SF36. It was taken notice of the drugs taken by the patients, specially betablockers. At inclusion, the two groups were not different for parametric (age, body mass index) and non parametric values (medical or surgical treatment, comorbidity). Even though HR training was significantly different (p <10(-6)), at the end of the program there was a significant increase of power and oxygen consumption at VT (+42.6%, p <10(-6); +18.6%, p <10(-5)) and at maximal intensity (+18.7 %, p <10(-6); 14.2 %, p <10(-5)), but differences between the two groups were not significant; double product was significantly lower at rest (-13.9 %, p <10(-5)) and at submaximal exertion (-10.6 %, p < 10(-3)). Yet, the two groups differed in HR, and HR increased in VTHR group and decreased in KHR, the difference being significant at VT (p =0.05), at submaximal (p =0.037) and maximal exercise (p = 0.05). Dyspnea at maximal intensity was higher in VTHR but SF36 values were not different. These results confirm the efficiency of cardiac training program according to Karvonen formula as to ventilatory threshold. However, there is a negative chronotropic effect of cardiac training according to Karvonen formula with a higher intensity, which corresponds to a less cardiac work for a same activity

Dysfunction of the foetal arterial duct results in a wide spectrum of cardiovascular pathology

Foetal ductal problems may have various cardiopulmonary consequences. This study aimed to identify the spectrum of ductus arteriosus (DA) dysfunction (closure, constriction, kinking, aneurysm and thrombosis) and the resultant clinical and echocardiographic presentation in foetuses and neonates.status: publishe