112 research outputs found
High precision simulations of weak lensing effect on Cosmic Microwave Background polarization
We study accuracy, robustness and self-consistency of pixel-domain
simulations of the gravitational lensing effect on the primordial CMB
anisotropies due to the large-scale structure of the Universe. In particular,
we investigate dependence of the results precision on some crucial parameters
of such techniques and propose a semi-analytic framework to determine their
values so the required precision is a priori assured and the numerical workload
simultaneously optimized. Our focus is on the B-mode signal but we discuss also
other CMB observables, such as total intensity, T, and E-mode polarization,
emphasizing differences and similarities between all these cases. Our
semi-analytic considerations are backed up by extensive numerical results.
Those are obtained using a code, nicknamed lenS2HAT -- for Lensing using
Scalable Spherical Harmonic Transforms (S2HAT) -- which we have developed in
the course of this work. The code implements a version of the pixel-domain
approach of Lewis (2005) and permits performing the simulations at very high
resolutions and data volumes, thanks to its efficient parallelization provided
by the S2HAT library -- a parallel library for a calculation of the spherical
harmonic transforms. The code is made publicly available.Comment: 20 pages, 14 figures, submitted to A&A, matches version accepted for
publication in A&
CMB spectral distortions revisited: a new take on distortions and primordial non-Gaussianities from FIRAS data
Deviations from the blackbody spectral energy distribution of the CMB are a
precise probe of physical processes active both in the early universe (such as
those connected to particle decays and inflation) and at later times (e.g.
reionization and astrophysical emissions). Limited progress has been made in
the characterization of these spectral distortions after the pioneering
measurements of the FIRAS instrument on the COBE satellite in the early 1990s,
which mainly targeted the measurement of their average amplitude across the
sky. Since at present no follow-up mission is scheduled to update the FIRAS
measurement, in this work we re-analyze the FIRAS data and produce a map of
-type spectral distortion across the sky. We provide an updated constraint
on the distortion monopole at 95\%
confidence level that sharpens the previous FIRAS estimate by a factor of . We also constrain primordial non-Gaussianities of curvature perturbations
on scales through the cross-correlation of
distortion anisotropies with CMB temperature and, for the first time, the
full set of polarization anisotropies from the Planck satellite. We obtain
upper limits on and on its running that are limited by the FIRAS sensitivity but robust against
galactic and extragalactic foreground contaminations. We revisit previous
similar analyses based on data of the Planck satellite and show that, despite
their significantly lower noise, they yield similar or worse results to ours
once all the instrumental and astrophysical uncertainties are properly
accounted for. Our work is the first to self-consistently analyze data from a
spectrometer and demonstrate the power of such instrument to carry out this
kind of science case with reduced systematic uncertainties.Comment: Comments welcome, data will be made available upon acceptanc
DEMNUni: The imprint of massive neutrinos on the cross-correlation between cosmic voids and CMB lensing
Cosmic voids are a powerful probe of cosmology and are one of the core
observables of upcoming galaxy surveys. The cross-correlations between voids
and other large-scale structure tracers such as galaxy clustering and galaxy
lensing have been shown to be very sensitive probes of cosmology and among the
most promising to probe the nature of gravity and the neutrino mass. However,
recent measurements of the void imprint on the lensed Cosmic Microwave
Background (CMB) have been shown to be in tension with expectations based on
LCDM simulations, hinting to a possibility of non-standard cosmological
signatures due to massive neutrinos. In this work we use the DEMNUni
cosmological simulations with massive neutrino cosmologies to study the
neutrino impact on voids selected in photometric surveys, e.g. via Luminous Red
Galaxies, as well as on the void- CMB lensing cross-correlation. We show how
the void properties observed in this way (size function, profiles) are affected
by the presence of massive neutrinos compared to the neutrino massless case,
and show how these can vary as a function of the selection method of the void
sample. We comment on the possibility for massive neutrinos to be the source of
the aforementioned tension. Finally, we identify the most promising setup to
detect signatures of massive neutrinos in the voids-CMB lensing
cross-correlation and define a new quantity useful to distinguish among
different neutrino masses by comparing future observations against predictions
from simulations including massive neutrinos.Comment: 34 pages, 15 figure
Planck integrated Sachs-Wolfe-lensing likelihood and the CMB temperature
We present a new Planck CMB lensing-CMB temperature cross-correlation likelihood that can be used to constrain cosmology via the integrated Sachs-Wolfe (ISW) effect. CMB lensing is an excellent tracer of ISW, and we use the latest PR4 Planck data maps and lensing reconstruction to produce the first public Planck likelihood to constrain this signal. We demonstrate the likelihood by constraining the CMB background temperature from Planck data alone, where the ISW-lensing cross-correlation is a powerful way to break the geometric degeneracy, substantially improving constraints from the CMB and lensing power spectra alone
Iterative map-making with two-level preconditioning for polarized cosmic microwave background data sets. A worked example for ground-based experiments
An estimation of the sky signal from streams of Time Ordered Data (TOD) acquired by Cosmic Microwave Background (cmb) experiments is one of the most important steps in the context of cmb data analysis referred to as the map-making problem. The continuously growing cmb data sets render the cmb map-making problem more challenging in terms of computational cost and memory in particular in the context of ground based experiments. In this context, we study a novel class of the Preconditioned Conjugate Gradient (PCG) solvers which invoke two-level preconditioners. We compare them against PCG solvers commonly used in the map-making context considering their precision and time-to-solution. We compare these new methods on realistic, simulated data sets reflecting the characteristics of current and forthcoming cmb ground-based experiment. We develop an embarrassingly parallel implementation of the approach where each processor performs a sequential map-making for a subset of the TOD. We find that considering the map level residuals the new class of solvers permits achieving tolerance of up to 3 orders of magnitude better than the standard approach, where the residual level often saturates before convergence is reached. This corresponds to an important improvement in the precision of recovered power spectra in particular on the largest angular scales. The new method also typically requires fewer iterations to reach a required precision and thus shorter runtimes for a single map-making solution. However, the construction of an appropriate two-level preconditioner can be as costly as a single standard map-making run. Nevertheless, if the same problem needs to be solved multiple times, e.g., as in Monte Carlo simulations, this cost has to be incurred only once, and the method should be competitive not only as far as its precision but also its performance is concerned
Instrumental systematics biases in CMB lensing reconstruction: a simulation-based assessment
Weak gravitational lensing of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) is an important cosmological tool that allows us to learn about the structure, composition and evolution of the Universe. Upcoming CMB experiments, such as the Simons Observatory (SO), will provide high-resolution and low-noise CMB measurements. We consider the impact of instrumental systematics on the corresponding high-precision lensing reconstruction power spectrum measurements. We simulate CMB temperature and polarization maps for an SO-like instrument and potential scanning strategy, and explore systematics relating to beam asymmetries and offsets, boresight pointing, polarization angle, gain drifts, gain calibration and electric crosstalk. Our analysis shows that the majority of the biases induced by the systematics we modeled are below a detection level of ∼0.6σ. We discuss potential mitigation techniques to further reduce the impact of the more significant systematics, and pave the way for future lensing-related systematics analyses
A machine learning approach to mapping baryons on to dark matter haloes using the eagle and C-EAGLE simulations
High-resolution cosmological hydrodynamic simulations are currently limited to relatively small volumes due to their computational expense. However, much larger volumes are required to probe rare, overdense environments, and measure clustering statistics of the large scale structure. Typically, zoom simulations of individual regions are used to study rare environments, and semi-analytic models and halo occupation models applied to dark matter only (DMO) simulations are used to study the Universe in the large-volume regime. We propose a new approach, using a machine learning framework to explore the halo-galaxy relationship in the periodic EAGLE simulations, and zoom C-EAGLE simulations of galaxy clusters. We train a tree based machine learning method to predict the baryonic properties of galaxies based on their host dark matter halo properties. The trained model successfully reproduces a number of key distribution functions for an infinitesimal fraction of the computational cost of a full hydrodynamic simulation. By training on both periodic simulations as well as zooms of overdense environments, we learn the bias of galaxy evolution in differing environments. This allows us to apply the trained model to a larger DMO volume than would be possible if we only trained on a periodic simulation. We demonstrate this application using the (800 Mpc)3 P-Millennium simulation, and present predictions for key baryonic distribution functions and clustering statistics from the EAGLE model in this large volume
A Hierarchy of Normalizing Flows for Modelling the Galaxy-Halo Relationship
Using a large sample of galaxies taken from the Cosmology and Astrophysics
with MachinE Learning Simulations (CAMELS) project, a suite of hydrodynamic
simulations varying both cosmological and astrophysical parameters, we train a
normalizing flow (NF) to map the probability of various galaxy and halo
properties conditioned on astrophysical and cosmological parameters. By
leveraging the learnt conditional relationships we can explore a wide range of
interesting questions, whilst enabling simple marginalisation over nuisance
parameters. We demonstrate how the model can be used as a generative model for
arbitrary values of our conditional parameters; we generate halo masses and
matched galaxy properties, and produce realisations of the halo mass function
as well as a number of galaxy scaling relations and distribution functions. The
model represents a unique and flexible approach to modelling the galaxy-halo
relationship.Comment: 8 pages, 2 figures, accepted for ICML 2023 Workshop on Machine
Learning for Astrophysic
Quaia, the Gaia-unWISE quasar catalog: an all-sky spectroscopic quasar sample
We present a new, all-sky quasar catalog, Quaia, that samples the largest comoving volume of any existing spectroscopic quasar sample. The catalog draws on the 6,649,162 quasar candidates identified by the Gaia mission that have redshift estimates from the space observatory’s low-resolution blue photometer/red photometer spectra. This initial sample is highly homogeneous and complete, but has low purity, and 18% of even the bright (G 0.2) compared to those from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS). In this work, we combine the Gaia candidates with unWISE infrared data (based on the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer survey) to construct a catalog useful for cosmological and astrophysical quasar studies. We apply cuts based on proper motions and colors, reducing the number of contaminants by approximately four times. We improve the redshifts by training a k-Nearest Neighbor model on SDSS redshifts, and achieve estimates on the G 0.2 (0.1), a reduction of approximately three times (approximately two times) compared to the Gaia redshifts. The final catalog has 1,295,502 quasars with G < 20.5, and 755,850 candidates in an even cleaner G < 20.0 sample, with accompanying rigorous selection function models. We compare Quaia to existing quasar catalogs, showing that its large effective volume makes it a highly competitive sample for cosmological large-scale structure analyses. The catalog is publicly available at 10.5281/zenodo.10403370
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