3,340 research outputs found
To what extent can dynamical models describe statistical features of turbulent flows?
Statistical features of "bursty" behaviour in charged and neutral fluid
turbulence, are compared to statistics of intermittent events in a GOY shell
model, and avalanches in different models of Self Organized Criticality (SOC).
It is found that inter-burst times show a power law distribution for turbulent
samples and for the shell model, a property which is shared only in a
particular case of the running sandpile model. The breakdown of self-similarity
generated by isolated events observed in the turbulent samples, is well
reproduced by the shell model, while it is absent in all SOC models considered.
On this base, we conclude that SOC models are not adequate to mimic fluid
turbulence, while the GOY shell model constitutes a better candidate to
describe the gross features of turbulence.Comment: 14 pages, 4 figures, in press on Europhys. Lett. (may 2002
Recurrence Quantification Analysis and Principal Components in the Detection of Short Complex Signals
Recurrence plots were introduced to help aid the detection of signals in
complicated data series. This effort was furthered by the quantification of
recurrence plot elements. We now demonstrate the utility of combining
recurrence quantification analysis with principal components analysis to allow
for a probabilistic evaluation for the presence of deterministic signals in
relatively short data lengths.Comment: 10 pages, 3 figures; Elsevier preprint, elsart style; programs used
for analysis available for download at http://homepages.luc.edu/~cwebbe
Viscous corrections to the resistance of nano-junctions: a dispersion relation approach
It is well known that the viscosity of a homogeneous electron liquid diverges
in the limits of zero frequency and zero temperature. A nanojunction breaks
translational invariance and necessarily cuts off this divergence. However, the
estimate of the ensuing viscosity is far from trivial. Here, we propose an
approach based on a Kramers-Kr\"onig dispersion relation, which connects the
zero-frequency viscosity, , to the high-frequency shear modulus,
, of the electron liquid via , with
the junction-specific momentum relaxation time. By making use of a
simple formula derived from time-dependent current-density functional theory we
then estimate the many-body contributions to the resistance for an integrable
junction potential and find that these viscous effects may be much larger than
previously suggested for junctions of low conductance.Comment: 6 pages, 5 figures, Revised versio
Checkerboards, stripes and corner energies in spin models with competing interactions
We study the zero temperature phase diagram of Ising spin systems in two
dimensions in the presence of competing interactions, long range
antiferromagnetic and nearest neighbor ferromagnetic of strength J. We first
introduce the notion of a "corner energy" which shows, when the
antiferromagnetic interaction decays faster than the fourth power of the
distance, that a striped state is favored with respect to a checkerboard state
when J is close to J_c, the transition to the ferromagnetic state, i.e., when
the length scales of the uniformly magnetized domains become large. Next, we
perform detailed analytic computations on the energies of the striped and
checkerboard states in the cases of antiferromagnetic interactions with
exponential decay and with power law decay r^{-p}, p>2, that depend on the
Manhattan distance instead of the Euclidean distance. We prove that the striped
phase is always favored compared to the checkerboard phase when the scale of
the ground state structure is very large. This happens for J\lesssim J_c if
p>3, and for J sufficiently large if 2<p<=3. Many of our considerations
involving rigorous bounds carry over to dimensions greater than two and to more
general short-range ferromagnetic interactions.Comment: 21 pages, 3 figure
Zero Sound and First Sound in a Disk-Shaped Normal Fermi gas
We study the zero sound and the first sound in a dilute and ultracold
disk-shaped normal Fermi gas with a strong harmonic confinement along the axial
direction and uniform in the two planar directions. Working at zero temperature
we calculate the chemical potential of the fermionic fluid as a function
of the uniform planar density and find that changes its slope in
correspondence to the filling of harmonic axial modes (shell effects). Within
the linear response theory, and under the random phase approximation, we
calculate the velocity of the zero sound. We find that also
changes its slope in correspondence of the filling of the harmonic axial modes
and that this effect depends on the Fermi-Fermi scattering length . In the
collisional regime, we calculate the velocity of first sound showing that
displays jumps at critical densities fixed by the scattering length
. Finally, we discuss the experimental achievability of these zero sound
and first sound waves with ultracold alkali-metal atoms.Comment: 9 pages, 5 figures, editorially approved for publication on Phys.
Rev.
Parametric amplification of magnetoplasmons in semiconductor quantum dots
We show that the magnetoplasmon collective modes in quasi-two-dimensional
semiconductor quantum dots can be parametrically amplified by periodically
modulating the magnetic field perpendicular to the nanostructure. The two
magnetoplasmon modes are excited and amplified simultaneously, leading to an
exponential growth of the number of bosonic excitations in the system. We
further demonstrate that damping mechanisms as well as anharmonicities in the
confinement of the quantum dot lead to a saturation of the parametric
amplification. This work constitutes a first step towards parametric
amplification of collective modes in many-body fermionic systems beyond one
dimension.Comment: 12 pages, 5 figures; published versio
Transport properties of quantum dots in the Wigner molecule regime
The transport properties of quantum dots with up to N=7 electrons ranging
from the weak to the strong interacting regime are investigated via the
projected Hartree-Fock technique. As interactions increase radial order
develops in the dot, with the formation of ring and centered-ring structures.
Subsequently, angular correlations appear, signalling the formation of a Wigner
molecule state. We show striking signatures of the emergence of Wigner
molecules, detected in transport. In the linear regime, conductance is
exponentially suppressed as the interaction strength grows. A further
suppression is observed when centered-ring structures develop, or peculiar spin
textures appear. In the nonlinear regime, the formation of molecular states may
even lead to a conductance enhancement.Comment: 26 pages, 14 figures, Accepted for publication on New Journal of
Physic
Background suppression in massive TeO bolometers with Neganov-Luke amplified light detectors
Bolometric detectors are excellent devices for the investigation of
neutrinoless double-beta decay (0). The observation of such
decay would demonstrate the violation of lepton number, and at the same time it
would necessarily imply that neutrinos have a Majorana character. The
sensitivity of cryogenic detectors based on TeO is strongly limited by the
alpha background in the region of interest for the 0 of
Te. It has been demonstrated that particle discrimination in TeO
bolometers is possible measuring the Cherenkov light produced by particle
interactions. However an event-by-event discrimination with NTD-based light
detectors has to be demonstrated. We will discuss the performance of a
highly-sensitive light detector exploiting the Neganov-Luke effect for signal
amplification. The detector, being operated with NTD-thermistor and coupled to
a 750 g TeO crystal, shows the ability for an event-by-event identification
of electron/gamma and alpha particles. The extremely low detector baseline
noise, RMS 19 eV, demonstrates the possibility to enhance the sensitivity of
TeO-based 0 experiment to an unprecedented level
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