Perovskite photovoltaics on roll-to-roll coated ultra-thin glass as flexible high-efficiency indoor power generators

The internet of things revolution requires efficient, easy-to-integrate energy harvesting. Here, we report indoor power generation by flexible perovskite solar cells (PSCs) manufactured on roll-to-roll indium-doped tin oxide (ITO)-coated ultra-thin flexible glass (FG) substrates with notable transmittance (>80%), sheet resistance (13 Ω/square), and bendability, surpassing 1,600 bending procedures at 20.5-mm curvature. Optimized PSCs on FG incorporate a mesoporous scaffold over SnO2 compact layers delivering efficiencies of 20.6% (16.7 μW⋅cm−2 power density) and 22.6% (35.0 μW⋅cm−2) under 200 and 400 lx LED illumination, respectively. These represent, to the best of our knowledge, the highest reported for any indoor flexible solar cell technology, surpassing by a 60%–90% margin the prior best-performing flexible PSCs. Specific powers (W/g) delivered by these lightweight cells are 40%–55% higher than their counterparts on polyethylene terephthalate (PET) films and an order of magnitude greater than those on rigid glass, highlighting the potential of flexible FG-PSCs as a key enabling technology for powering indoor electronics of the future

El trabajo (labour) digital en la economía de plataforma: el caso de Facebook

The aim of the paper is to analyse the features of the digital labour connected with the so-called platform economy. Many platform-based business models rely on a new composition of capital capable of capturing personal information and transforming it into big data. Starting with the example of the Facebook business model, we explain the valorisation process at the core of platform capitalism, stressing the relevance of digital labour, to clarify the crucial distinction between labour and work. Our analysis differs from Fuchs and Sevignani’s thesis about digital work and digital labour and seems consistent with the idea that Facebook extracts a rent from the information produced by the free labour of its users.El objetivo del trabajo es analizar las características del trabajo (labour) digital conectado con la llamada economía de plataforma. Muchos modelos de negocios basados en plataformas se basan en una nueva composición del capital capaz de capturar información personal y transformarla en big data. Comenzando con el ejemplo del modelo de negocio de Facebook, explicamos el proceso de valorización en el núcleo de capitalismo de plataforma, haciendo hincapié en la relevancia del trabajo digital, para aclarar la distinción crucial entre el trabajo como labour y el mismo como work[1]. Nuestro análisis difiere de la tesis de Fuchs y Sevignani sobre el trabajo digital como labour y el trabajo digital como work y resulta consistente con la idea de que Facebook extrae una renta de la información generada por el trabajo (labour) libre de sus usuarios.   [1] [N. de los Traductores] El equipo de traducción de Hipertextos se confronta permanentemente con dificultades relativas a la distinción anglosajona entre work y labour en inglés o werk y arbeit en alemán. Una precisión indispensable que recorre buena parte de los debates de la filosofía, la sociología, la economía política, impregnando además a la historia y la antropología. Distinción que, en suma, tiene un impacto decisivo en las llamadas ciencias sociales, sin que en lenguas latinas se reconozcan inmediatas equivalencias. En efecto, a pesar de que la palabra labour tiene una raíz latina (laborem), cuando se introduce en la lengua inglesa en el siglo XIV, queda ya asociada inequívocamente al sufrimiento, al padecimiento y la aspereza. Como reconoce Raymond Williams, labour designa formas de organización del trabajo bajo relaciones de clase, o en otros términos, relaciones de poder en las que el trabajador no domina y dirige su fuerza de trabajo o es compelido a trabajar por otros. Aquello que Marx, apelando a Hegel, designa con el término “alienación” y entiende la unidad de estas formas de alienación como explotación de la fuerza de trabajo. Como reconoce uno de los traductores de Williams, la traducción como labor resulta insatisfactoria. Otro tanto sucede con la expresión germana arbeit, que deriva del término arba que signfica esclavo. Inversamente tanto Work como werk aluden a la creatividad, a la ejecutividad y si se nos permite la hipótesis antropológica, a la realización humana. Ante la recurrencia nada casual de esta díada contradictoria entre los artículos que la nuestra revista pone a disposición de los lectores de lengua española, el equipo de traducción de Hipertextos, seguirá intentando utilizar un significante en español que mejor se adapte al espíritu del texto, pero indicando entre paréntesis el término originalmente utilizado por los autores.O objetivo do trabalho é analisar as características do trabalho digital (trabalho) ligado à chamada economia de plataforma. Muitos modelos de negócios baseados em plataformas são baseados em uma nova composição de capital capaz de capturar informações pessoais e transformá-las em big data. Começando com o exemplo do modelo de negócios do Facebook, explicamos o processo de valorização no núcleo do capitalismo de plataforma, enfatizando a relevância do trabalho digital, para esclarecer a distinção crucial entre trabalho como labour e o mesmo como work. Nossa análise difere da tese de Fuchs e Sevignani sobre trabalho digital como work e trabalho digital como labour e é consistente com a idéia de que o Facebook extrai uma renda da informação gerada pelo trabalho (labour) livre de seus usuários

El trabajo (labour) digital en la economía de plataforma: el caso de Facebook

El objetivo del trabajo es analizar las características del trabajo (labour) digital conectado con la llamada economía de plataforma. Muchos modelos de negocios basados en plataformas se basan en una nueva composición del capital capaz de capturar información personal y transformarla en big data. Comenzando con el ejemplo del modelo de negocio de Facebook, explicamos el proceso de valorización en el núcleo de capitalismo de plataforma, haciendo hincapié en la relevancia del trabajo digital, para aclarar la distinción crucial entre el trabajo como labour y el mismo como work. Nuestro análisis difiere de la tesis de Fuchs y Sevignani sobre el trabajo digital como labour y el trabajo digital como work y resulta consistente con la idea de que Facebook extrae una renta de la información generada por el trabajo (labour) libre de sus usuarios.The aim of the paper is to analyse the features of the digital labour connected with the so-called platform economy. Many platform-based business models rely on a new composition of capital capable of capturing personal information and transforming it into big data. Starting with the example of the Facebook business model, we explain the valorisation process at the core of platform capitalism, stressing the relevance of digital labour, to clarify the crucial distinction between labour and work. Our analysis differs from Fuchs and Sevignani’s thesis about digital work and digital labour and seems consistent with the idea that Facebook extracts a rent from the information produced by the free labour of its users.O objetivo do trabalho é analisar as características do trabalho digital (trabalho) ligado à chamada economia de plataforma. Muitos modelos de negócios baseados em plataformas são baseados em uma nova composição de capital capaz de capturar informações pessoais e transformá-las em big data. Começando com o exemplo do modelo de negócios do Facebook, explicamos o processo de valorização no núcleo do capitalismo de plataforma, enfatizando a relevância do trabalho digital, para esclarecer a distinção crucial entre trabalho como labour e o mesmo como work. Nossa análise difere da tese de Fuchs e Sevignani sobre trabalho digital como work e trabalho digital como labour e é consistente com a idéia de que o Facebook extrai uma renda da informação gerada pelo trabalho (labour) livre de seus usuários.El presente artículo es una traducción de "Digital Labour in the Platform Economy: The Case of Facebook", publicado por Fumagalli, A.; Lucarelli, S.; Musolino, E; y Rocchi, G., en Sustainability, 2018, 10, 1757. La traducción, a cargo del consejo editorial, fue realizada por Emilio Cafassi, Martina Lasalle, Santiago Liaudat e Ignacio Rocca.Facultad de Trabajo Socia

Cardiac rehabilitation protocols in the elderly.

Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) is a comprehensive multidisciplinary program individually tailored to the needs of patients with cardiovascular disease. Cardiovascular disease is prevalent in older adults and is the leading cause of death and major disability in adults ≥75 years of age. The mean age of patients eligible for CR is increasing, with greater complexity and specific geriatric features, such as multimorbidity, frailty, and disability. In this population, CR interventions should be aimed to prevent disability and preserve the residual functional capacity. Every patient should be assessed with a multidimensional evaluation that includes clinical, functional, emotional, cognitive and social domains. Exercise-based CR programs have shown to be effective in improving function and quality of life, by reducing disability and age-related deconditioning and contributing favorably to improved health outcomes in an aged population. Very old and frail patients seem to get an even greater potential benefit, and an early start after an acute event can prevent the post-hospital syndrome. Despite these proven benefits, CR is often underused in this population and a great effort should be done to encourage them to attend these programs. There are just a few studies about CR programs in very old and frail patients, therefore a future goal should be to fill this gap

High time-resolved measurements of fine aerosol (PM2.5) in a hot-spot area during wintertime: multi-wavelength optical absorption properties and source apportionment

Black Carbon (BC) is the main absorber of solar radiation among the aerosol components, it influences cloud processes, and alters the melting of snow and ice cover. Although it is one of the most important individual climate-warming components, uncertainties on the radiative forcing related to BC-radiation interaction still cover more than one order of magnitude. Moreover, weakly absorbing organic material (brown carbon, BrC) in the form of particle coating or as particle as-is can be considered a further important contributor to aerosol absorption. The peculiarity of BrC is that it is very effective in the absorption of short-\u3bb radiation whereas its contribution to aerosol absorption is negligible in the red or near-IR bands. It is noteworthy that BC and BrC can also be used for source apportionment purposes (e.g. they can be helpful for the discrimination between fossil fuels combustion vs. biomass burning). Thus, aerosol absorption properties possibly related to mixing and/or size information, and BC content are currently of great interest. Moving in this frame, a multi-\u3bb polar photometer (PP_UniMI) has been developed at the Department of Physics of the University of Milan in the last years. The instrument is based on the measurement on the scattering plane of the light transmitted and scattered in the forward and back hemispheres by unloaded and loaded samples using a rotating photodiode. Data reduction aiming at the determination of the sample absorbance follows Petzold et al. (2004) and therein cited literature. Currently, PP_UNIMI allows performing 4-\u3bb measurements (870, 633, 532, 405 nm) on aerosol collected on different substrates, including aerosol collected with high-time resolution using a streaker sampler. Such sampler collects aerosol segregated in two size-classes (fine and coarse) on a rotating frame with hourly resolution. The set-up of the instrument was validated against independent measurements carried out using a Multi-Angle Absorption Photometer for what concerns the red-light results, considering possible artefact effects shown in Vecchi et al. (2013). The results presented here are related to the analysis of the high time-resolved trends of multiwavelength aerosol absorption properties measured on the fine aerosol fraction during a field campaign performed in Milan (Italy) in November 2015 (see an example in Figure 1). Such data will be used to test the possibility of applying source apportionment models based on optical properties (es. Aethalometer model) using off-line hightime resolved data. It is also noteworthy that equivalent BC can be quantified from the polar photometer measurements at 635 nm using a suitable mass absorption coefficient. Such information will be joined to the elemental components (Na-Pb) detected by Particle-Induced X-ray Emission technique carried out at the INFN-LABEC in Florence to perform receptor modelling analysis (e.g. Positive Matrix Factorization). The results of the source apportionment using such data will be also presented

Effects of Road Dust Suppressants on PM Levels in a Mediterranean Urban Area

The abatement of road dust emissions is currently a major challenge for sustainable transportation, causing exceedances of limits on particulate matter (PM) and high population exposures to mineral dust and metals. Mitigation measures have been proposed such as improved street cleaning and the use of dust suppressants. This study evaluated, for the first time, the effectiveness of calcium-magnesium acetate (CMA) and MgCl2 in reducing road dust emissions in a Mediterranean city. During a two-month campaign, a typical urban road in the city of Barcelona was sprayed, and changes in PMx levels and components were monitored at four traffic sites and one background monitoring sites. The integrated results indicate no statistically significant effectiveness of dust suppressants on PM10 and PM2.5-10 levels. Episodic reductions of Al, K, Mg, Cr, Li, Cu, and Zn were observed during CMA applications, but they were not systematically statistically significant over different stations and spreading days. MgCl2 days showed lower PM10 mean concentrations, but these reductions were not statistically significant and were not supported by significant drops in mineral and brake-wear metals. Based on our literature review, it can be postulated that the higher the road dust loading, the higher the dust suppressant effectiveness

Saharan dust impact in central Italy: An overview on three years elemental data records

In southern European countries, Saharan dust may episodically produce significant increases of PM10, which may also cause the exceedance of the PM10 daily limit value established by the European Directive (2008/50/EC). The detection with very high sensitivity of all the elements that constitute mineral dust makes PIXE technique a very effective tool to assess the actual impact of these episodes. In this work, a review of long-term series of elemental concentrations obtained by PIXE has been accomplished with the aim of identifying the occurrence of Saharan dust transport episodes over long periods in Tuscany and characterising them in terms of composition and impact on PM concentration, tracing back their contribution to the exceedances of the PM10 limit value. The impact of the different Saharan intrusions on PM10 showed a very high variability. During the most intense episodes (which occurred with a frequency of few times per year) the calculated soil dust concentration reached values as high as 25\u201330 \u3bcg m 123, to be compared with background values of the order of 5 \u3bcg m 123. The Saharan dust contribution was decisive to cause the exceedance of the PM10 daily limit value in the 1\u20132% of the days considered in the present work