Das alltägliche Gesundheitshandeln von (Spät-)Aussiedlerinnen und (Spät-)Aussiedlern aus der ehemaligen Sowjetunion: eine qualitative Studie am Beispiel der Kreisstadt Merzig

Die vorliegende Dissertation untersucht das alltägliche Gesundheitshandeln von (Spät-)Aussiedlerinnen und (Spät-)Aussiedlern aus der ehemaligen Sowjetunion. Im Fokus der Arbeit stehen dabei die subjektiven Gesundheitskonzepte und -theorien sowie die Maßnahmen, die die Befragten zur Erhaltung und zur Förderung der eigenen Gesundheit ergreifen. Es konnte gezeigt werden, dass die befragten Personen komplexe, mehrdimensionale subjektive Gesundheitskonzepte und -theorien besitzen. Darüber hinaus ist das alltägliche Gesundheitshandeln vielfältig und durch unterschiedliche Schwerpunktsetzungen gekennzeichnet.This dissertation examines the health activities of ethnic German migrants (Aussiedler) from the Former Soviet Union. The thesis focusses on the subjective health concepts and theories and the measures taken by interviewees to maintain and promote their own health. The results show that the respondents possess complex and multidimensional subjective health concepts and theories. Furthermore, habitual health activities are divers and characterized by dissimilarities in emphasis

Die Versorgung von Menschen mit chronischen Wunden im Saarland aus Sicht von Betroffenen, Pflegefachkräften und Pflegedienstleitungen ambulanter und stationärer Pflegeeinrichtungen sowie Hausärzten (ChroWuSaar)

The management of patients with chronic wounds in the primary care, Saarland (Germany) Background: Non-healing wounds are usually secondary complications of chronic diseases. The aim of the study was to analyze the care of people with chronic wounds in outpatient care and nursing homes under primary care. In result of the study, recommendations for action as goal-orientated multi-professional cooperation should be recognized. Subject of analysis: The emphasis of this work was on recording and documenting the quality of life of patients with leg ulcers, pressure ulcers or diabetic foot syndrome and their treatment goals and benefits as well as the individual orientated nursing and primary care quality. In addition, the care structures of the respective institutions as well as the inter-professional delivery practice of wound management were examined by nurses, head nurses and managing directors from ambulatory care services and 74 nursing homes and family practitioners. Methodology: The study took place in Saarland (Germany) across different sectors in year 2016 over continuous period between 6 and 22 weeks. The data was collected via online and/or paper-pencil survey. The figures and analysis were carried out with the statistics program IBM SPSS Statistics Version 23 and the software MAXQDA 12. Results: 50 patients, 353 nurses, 44 Head nurses and managing directors from 20 ambulatory care services and 74 nursing homes as well as 10 family practitioners were successfully recruited for the study. As a part of result of the study it is determined that people with chronic wounds in the home environment are perceived as having lower quality of life in comparison with nursing home residents. Reasons for this were obesity (~ BMI> 33kg / m²), wound size (~ 12cm²), recurrence rate (4.8 ± 5.7) and continuous pain (75%). In the nursing home practice information meetings would mainly be offered for those affected and their relatives. In contrast, guidance meetings took place for patients in home environment settings very rarely. Most of the care programs are largely taken over by representatives of medical device manufacturers or home care companies. Advice, training and guidance as well as promotion of self sustainability were rarely offered in facilities. Family practitioners would in the last 24 months period hardly attend training sessions on wound-specific topics. The information, advice and instructions are seen by medicine staff as basics for their work. The family practitioner report shows average estimate extensiveness of chronic wounds of 15.6% at home settings and 27.6% in inpatients care settings. The figures for social care services as for people with chronic wounds in outpatients care and nursing settings show on average 4.6% of chronic wounds prevalence.Die Versorgung von Menschen mit chronischen Wunden in der saarländischen Primärversorgung Hintergrund: Nicht heilende Wunden sind meist Folgekomplikationen chronischer Erkrankungen. Das Ziel der Studie lag darin, die Versorgung von Menschen mit chronischen Wunden in ambulanten und stationären Pflegeeinrichtungen unter hausärztlicher Betreuung zu analysieren. Daraus sollten Handlungsempfehlungen für eine zielführende multiprofessionelle Zusammenarbeit formuliert werden. Fragestellung: Fokussiert wurden die Erfassung der Lebensqualität von Menschen mit Ulcus cruris, Dekubitus oder Diabetischem Fußsyndrom, deren Behandlungsziele und -nutzen sowie die subjektiv wahrgenommene pflegerische und hausärztliche Versorgungsqualität. Darüber hinaus wurden die Versorgungsstrukturen der jeweiligen Einrichtungen wie auch die interprofessionelle Versorgungspraxis des Wundmanagements von Pflegefachkräften, Pflegedienstleitungen und Hausärzten untersucht. Methodisches Vorgehen: Die saarlandweite Querschnittsstudie fand im Jahr 2016 zwischen der 6. und 22. KW statt. Die Daten wurden mittels Online- und/oder Paper-Pencil-Befragung erhoben. Die Datenanalyse erfolgte mit dem Statistikprogramm IBM SPSS Statistics Version 23 und der Software MAXQDA 12. Ergebnisse: 50 Betroffene, 353 Pflegefachkräfte, 44 Pflegedienstleitungen aus 20 ambulanten Pflegediensten und 74 stationäre Pflegeeinrichtungen sowie 10 Hausärzte konnten für die Studie erfolgreich rekrutiert werden. Menschen mit chronischen Wunden im häuslichen Umfeld nahmen eine geringere Lebensqualität im Vergleich zu Pflegeheimbewohnern wahr. Gründe hierfür stellten Adipositas (~BMI >33kg/m²), Wundgröße (~12cm²), Rezidivrate (4,8 ±5,7) und kontinuierliche Schmerzen (75 %) dar. Im pflegerischen Alltag wurden zum Großteil Informationsgespräche für Betroffene und deren Angehörige angeboten. Dagegen fanden Anleitungssituationen kaum statt. Die Veranstaltungen werden zum Großteil von Vertretern der Medizinproduktehersteller oder Home-Care-Unternehmen übernommen. Beratung, Schulung und Anleitung sowie Förderung des Selbstmanagements wurden in Einrichtungen seltener angeboten. Hausärzte nahmen in den letzten 24 Monaten kaum Fortbildungsveranstaltungen zu wundspezifischen Themen wahr und sahen für sich größtenteils auch keinen weiteren Bedarf. Informationen, Beratungen und Anleitungen sehen sie als Grundlage ihrer ärztlichen Tätigkeit. Die Angaben der Ärzte lassen eine mittlere Prävalenz chronischer Wunden von 15,6 % in der Häuslichkeit und 27,6 % in stationären Pflegeeinrichtungen beziffern. Die Angaben von Pflegedienstleitungen (ambulant und stationär) ergaben eine durchschnittliche Prävalenz von 4,6 %

Schnelle Simulation von Funkkoexistenz-Verhalten im 2,45-GHz-ISM-Band in großflächigen intralogistischen Szenarien

Für eine extrem schnelle Simulation des Koexistenz-Verhaltens von Funkteilnehmern im 2,45-GHz-ISM-Band im Zusammenspiel mit einem Funkortungssystem in großflächigen intralogistischen Szenarien ist eine spezielle Simulations-Software entwickelt worden. Die Ergebnisse bieten Aussagen zu Zeitverzögerungen der WLAN-Datenübertragung und der Ortungsgenauigkeit von nanoLOC. Es kann den Funkteilnehmern des Ortungssystems ein Koexistenz-Verhalten über spezielle Algorithmen aufgeprägt werden. Diese Algorithmen können dann durch Analyse der Simulationsdaten bewertet und optimiert werden

A genuine solution of the diffusion advection equation sesquilinear way to multi-source problem

The present work is a proposal for an alternative approach for pollution dispersion modelling, including some characteristics that may be associated to the phenomenon of turbulence. As a starting point we consider two axiomatic properties that shall lead to a model and its solution compatible with distributional descriptions. The first one states that a solution shall be semi-positive as expected for a distribution, whereas the second axiom demands for compatibility with coherent structures, which are implemented by the use of sesquilinear forms

O protagonismo da jurisdição constitucional e seu papel na concretização dos direitos fundamentais no âmbito do Estado democrático de direito

 RESUMO: A jurisdição constitucional afigura-se como um imprescindível instrumento de proteção e garantia da Constituição e dos direitos fundamentais no contexto do Estado Democrático de Direito. Por este motivo, o trabalho apresentará, primeiramente, algumas questões sobre a evolução histórica da jurisdição constitucional – abordando-se, também, as Constituições – e posteriormente analisará o desenvolvimento dos direitos fundamentais e a sua valoração no seio da sociedade. Por fim, o presente artigo estudará o possível protagonismo da jurisdição constitucional no Estado Democrático de Direito e seu fundamental exercício no âmbito da concretização dos direitos fundamentais. Para tanto, considerando que o artigo possui natureza bibliográfica, serão utilizados os métodos de abordagem dedutivo e histórico-crítico e a técnica de pesquisa se valerá da documentação indireta. Longe de esgotar o estudo do assunto em tela, acredita-se que a jurisdição constitucional, respeitados os limites de sua atuação no que diz respeito à interpretação da Constituição, desempenha um papel vital na concretização dos direitos fundamentais.Palavras-chave: Constituição; direitos fundamentais; Estado Democrático de Direito; jurisdição constitucional.  ABSTRACT: The constitutional jurisdiction appears as an indispensable instrument of protection and guarantee of the Constitution and fundamental rights in the context of the Democratic State of Law. For this reason, the paper presents, first, some questions about the historical evolution of constitutional jurisdiction – addressing it also the Constitutions – and then analyze the development of fundamental rights and your value in society. Finally, this paper will explore the possible role of constitutional jurisdiction in the Democratic State of Law and its fundamental role in the realization of fundamental rights. To do the paper, considering that the article has bibliographic nature, will be used the approach methods of deductive and historical-critical and the research technique will make use of indirect documentation. Far from exhausting the subject of study in question, it is believed that the constitutional jurisdiction, respected the limits of its performance with regard to the interpretation of the Constitution, plays a vital role in the realization of fundamental rights.Keywords: Constitution; constitutional jurisdiction; Democratic State of Law; fundamental rights Submetido em: 11-04-2017Aprovado em: 20-06-2017

Interleukin-1 signaling induced by Streptococcus suis serotype 2 is strain-dependent and contributes to bacterial clearance and inflammation during systemic disease in a mouse model of infection

International audienceAbstractStreptococcus suis serotype 2 is an important porcine pathogen and zoonotic agent causing sudden death, septic shock and meningitis, with exacerbated inflammation being a hallmark of the infection. A rapid, effective and balanced innate immune response against S. suis is critical to control bacterial growth without causing excessive inflammation. Even though interleukin (IL)-1 is one of the most potent and earliest pro-inflammatory mediators produced, its role in the S. suis pathogenesis has not been studied. We demonstrated that a classical virulent European sequence type (ST) 1 strain and the highly virulent ST7 strain induce important levels of IL-1 in systemic organs. Moreover, bone marrow-derived dendritic cells and macrophages contribute to its production, with the ST7 strain inducing higher levels. To better understand the underlying mechanisms involved, different cellular pathways were studied. Independently of the strain, IL-1β production required MyD88 and involved recognition via TLR2 and possibly TLR7 and TLR9. This suggests that the recognized bacterial components are similar and conserved between strains. However, very high levels of the pore-forming toxin suilysin, produced only by the ST7 strain, are required for efficient maturation of pro-IL-1β via activation of different inflammasomes resulting from pore formation and ion efflux. Using IL-1R−/− mice, we demonstrated that IL-1 signaling plays a beneficial role during S. suis systemic infection by modulating the inflammation required to control and clear bacterial burden, thus promoting host survival. Beyond a certain threshold, however, S. suis-induced inflammation cannot be counterbalanced by this signaling, making it difficult to discriminate its role

Structural impairment and conflict load as vulnerability factors for burnout – A cross-sectional study from the German working population

IntroductionIndividual vulnerability and resilience factors are increasingly studied in burnout research. This is especially true for clinical variables that translate directly into intervention programs from a psychodynamic perspective. For example, few studies have examined the relationship between structural impairment and the individual spectrum of motivational conflicts according to the Operationalized Psychodynamic Diagnosis system (OPD) in relation to burnout. To substantiate previous findings, we hypothesized that structural impairment as well as motivational conflicts are related to burnout, but that structural impairment explained additional variance and mediated a possible relationship between conflicts and burnout.MethodThe present cross-sectional study was carried out on a sample of the German working population (N = 545). Questionnaires were used to measure structural impairment (OPD-SQS), the conflict-modes along with the category K0 (OPD-CQ), as well as burnout (BOSS-I/-II).ResultsStructural impairment, a number of conflict modes, and burnout were significantly associated. Moreover, structural impairment explained additional variance in burnout. The requirements for the conflict-specific mediation models were given for 9 of the 12 OPD conflict modes. In these models the impact of the conflict modes on burnout was mediated by structural impairment.DiscussionThe current study broadens the comprehension of the relations between structural impairment, the conflict modes and burnout. In addition it higlights the role of structural impairment in predicting burnout risk and possible prevention approaches

Uma Solução Genuína da Equação de Advecção Difusão com forma Sesquilinear para Problema Multi-fonte

The present work is a proposal for an alternative approach for pollution dispersion modelling, including some characteristics that may be associated to the phenomenon of turbulence. As a starting point we consider two axiomatic properties that shall lead to a model and its solution compatible with distributional descriptions. The first one states that a solution shall be semi-positive as expected for a distribution, whereas the second axiom demands for compatibility with coherent structures, which are implemented by the use of sesquilinear forms.O presente trabalho é uma proposta para uma aproximação alternativa para o modelo de dispersão de poluentes, e incluir algumas características que podem ser associadas ao fenômeno de turbulência. Como ponto de partida nós consideramos dois axiomas que conduzem a um modelo e sua soluçãoé compatível com as descrições de distribuições. No primeiro garantimos solução semi-positiva, como se espera de uma distribuição, considerando que o segundo axioma implementa estruturas compatíveis com estruturas coerentes através da implementação de formas sesquilinear