118 research outputs found

    Arthroscopic repair of rotator cuff tears: analysis and functional outcome

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    Background: Rotator cuff injuries are common injuries occurring around the shoulder with an incidence ranging from 5 to 39%. Rotator cuff tears can be either partial thickness or full thickness. If remains untreated, may lead to persistent shoulder pain, functional limitation and decreased quality of life. In the present study, we assess the functional outcome following arthroscopic repair of rotator cuff tears. We also assess the various parameters affecting the functional outcome following repair.Methods: 15 patients with rotator cuff tears were subjected to this study. Preoperative evaluation of the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) shoulder score and University of California and Los Angeles (UCLA) shoulder score was done. Arthroscopic rotator cuff repair using single row repair with suture anchors was done. The patients were followed up at 6 weeks, 3 months and 6 months where ASES score and UCLA score were assessed.Results: Of the 15 patients, 14 had supraspinatus tear, 2 patients had infraspinatus tear and 2 patients had subscapularis tear. According to UCLA scoring system 22% patients had excellent, 43% patients had good results, 23% patients had fair results and 12% patients had poor results. ASES score also showed progressive improvement at subsequent follow ups at 3 and 6 months.Conclusions: From our present study we conclude that arthroscopic rotator cuff repair is a good modality showing excellent functional outcome with less morbidity, minimal postoperative pain, better cosmesis and early resumption of daily routine activities.

    Demographic profile and functional outcome following fixation of malleolar fractures in adults

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    Background: Malleolus are important structures which forms part of ankle mortise and provide stability to it. This article underlines the current demographic profile of patients sustaining malleolar fractures in adults. It also discusses the modalities of treatment and functional outcomes following open reduction and internal fixation of these fractures as well as the improvement in functional outcome following early mobilization.Methods: 30 patients sustaining malleolar fractures who attended the Department of Orthopedics were included in the study. The patients were operated as and when the soft tissue condition permitted and were followed up in outpatient department at 6 weeks, 3 months and 6 months where functional outcome based on Baird and Jackson scoring system was assessed.Results: In this study, the average age of patients was 43.8 years with a male preponderance. Supination-external rotation was the most common mechanism of injury following a slip or twisting injury. According to Baird and Jackson scoring system 20% patients had excellent, 50% patients had good results, 20% patients had fair results and 10% patients had poor results.Conclusions: 70% patients had excellent to good results following fixation of malleolar fractures. Early mobilization was started in 5 patients with 80% patients showing excellent results. Open reduction and Internal fixation proved to be an excellent procedure leading to union in all cases, less complication and early resumption of routine activities.

    Tumour-derived PGD2 and NKp30-B7H6 engagement drives an immunosuppressive ILC2-MDSC axis.

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    Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) are involved in human diseases, such as allergy, atopic dermatitis and nasal polyposis, but their function in human cancer remains unclear. Here we show that, in acute promyelocytic leukaemia (APL), ILC2s are increased and hyper-activated through the interaction of CRTH2 and NKp30 with elevated tumour-derived PGD2 and B7H6, respectively. ILC2s, in turn, activate monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells (M-MDSCs) via IL-13 secretion. Upon treating APL with all-trans retinoic acid and achieving complete remission, the levels of PGD2, NKp30, ILC2s, IL-13 and M-MDSCs are restored. Similarly, disruption of this tumour immunosuppressive axis by specifically blocking PGD2, IL-13 and NKp30 partially restores ILC2 and M-MDSC levels and results in increased survival. Thus, using APL as a model, we uncover a tolerogenic pathway that may represent a relevant immunosuppressive, therapeutic targetable, mechanism operating in various human tumour types, as supported by our observations in prostate cancer.Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) modulate inflammatory and allergic responses, but their function in cancer immunity is still unclear. Here the authors show that, in acute promyelocytic leukaemia, tumour-activated ILC2s secrete IL-13 to induce myeloid-derived suppressor cells and support tumour growth

    The NAD-Booster Nicotinamide Riboside Potently Stimulates Hematopoiesis through Increased Mitochondrial Clearance

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    It has been recently shown that increased oxidative phosphorylation, as reflected by increased mitochondrial activity, together with impairment of the mitochondrial stress response, can severely compromise hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) regeneration. Here we show that the NAD(+)-boosting agent nicotinamide riboside (NR) reduces mitochondrial activity within HSCs through increased mitochondrial clearance, leading to increased asymmetric HSC divisions. NR dietary supplementation results in a significantly enlarged pool of progenitors, without concurrent HSC exhaustion, improves survival by 80%, and accelerates blood recovery after murine lethal irradiation and limiting-HSC transplantation. In immune-deficient mice, NR increased the production of human leucocytes from hCD34+ progenitors. Our work demonstrates for the first time a positive effect of NAD(+)-boosting strategies on the most primitive blood stem cells, establishing a link between HSC mitochondrial stress, mitophagy, and stem-cell fate decision, and unveiling the potential of NR to improve recovery of patients suffering from hematological failure including post chemo- and radiotherapy.Peer reviewe

    Embracing open innovation to acquire external ideas and technologies and to transfer internal ideas and technologies outside

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    The objective of this dissertation is to increase understanding of how organizations can embrace open innovation in order to acquire external ideas and technologies from outside the organization, and to transfer internal ideas and technologies to outside the organization. The objective encompasses six sub-objectives, each addressed in one or more substudies. Altogether, the dissertation consists of nine substudies and a compendium summarizing the substudies. An extensive literature review was conducted on open innovation and crowdsourcing literature (substudies 1–4). In the subsequent empirical substudies, both qualitative research methods (substudies 5–7) and quantitative research methods (substudies 8–9) were applied. The four literature review substudies provided insights on the body of knowledge on open innovation and crowdsourcing. These substudies unveiled most of the influential articles, authors, and journals of open innovation and crowdsourcing disciplines. Moreover, they identified research gaps in the current literature. The empirical substudies offer several insightful findings. Substudy 5 shows how non-core ideas and technologies of a large firm can become valuable, especially for small firms. Intermediary platforms can find solutions to many pressing problems of large organizations by engaging renowned scientists from all over world (substudy 6). Intermediary platforms can also bring breakthrough innovations with novel mechanisms (substudy 7). Large firms are not only able to garner ideas by engaging their customers through crowdsourcing but they can also build long-lasting relations with their customers (substudies 8 and 9). Embracing open innovation brings challenges for firms too. Firms need to change their organizational structures in order to be able to fully benefit from open innovation. When crowdsourcing is successful, it produces a very large number of new ideas. This has the consequence that firms need to allocate a significant amount of resources in order to identify the most promising ideas. In an idea contest, customarily, only one or a few best ideas are rewarded (substudy 7). Sometimes, no reward is provided for the selected idea (substudies 8 and 9). Most of the ideas that are received are not implemented in practice
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